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2001

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Microprocessor Design Team Assignment Problem With A New Multistage Stochastic/Brownian Motion Model, Thomas James O'Grady Jan 2001

Microprocessor Design Team Assignment Problem With A New Multistage Stochastic/Brownian Motion Model, Thomas James O'Grady

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

The Microprocessor Design Team Assignment Problem models the microprocessor design efforts of Intel Corporation over a 29-year period from 1972 until 2001. The basic model is a Erlang queuing system based probability model of the individual programming-design team daily operations. After extensive research the Erlang Loss/Delay Blocked Multiserver Model is utilized throughout the dissertation The Erlang loss-delay model takes into account the Key Man Constraint for team leaders and programming team personnel. The Microprocessor Design Team Assignment Problem Case Study and massive research effort, into Intel Corporations design efforts, is complicated by modeling a major programming-design team operation without any …

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Model To Evaluate The Effect Of Interference On Bluetooth Functionality, Jaideepesh. Puttamreddy Jan 2001

Model To Evaluate The Effect Of Interference On Bluetooth Functionality, Jaideepesh. Puttamreddy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

We explored the possible effects of various interferences on Bluetooth devices in the ISM band. We developed a model of Bluetooth and interference from sources such as WLAN devices and Microwave oven, and evaluate the functionality of Bluetooth in the presence of these interferences. As a first step we created Bluetooth, WLAN and Microwave oven models using SPW (Signal Processing Workstation). In our exploration, we undertake three cases: (1) When the Bluetooth is in the presence of only noises in the channel; (2) When the Bluetooth is in the presence of Microwave oven interference; (3) When the Bluetooth is in …

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Multi-Pulse Excited Linear Prediction For Synthesizing The Guitar, David Scott Leeds Jan 2001

Multi-Pulse Excited Linear Prediction For Synthesizing The Guitar, David Scott Leeds

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

In this paper we propose using parametric modeling by employing a Multi-Pulse Excited Linear Predictive Coded (MPE-LPC) filter to synthesize the guitar. First we introduce different methods for sound synthesis. A detailed discussion including the derivation of LPC and MPE presented. Then we study the impulse and steady state response of the guitar signal. An implementation of the MPE-LPC method to model the guitar is covered in detail and opportunities to improve the compression ratio are discussed. We then present simulation results with a set of fixed parameters, which are used as a benchmark to observe performance trade-offs by varying …

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Mutual Interference In A Bluetooth Scatternet Under Different Environmental Conditions, Amee Mahendrabhai Godani Jan 2001

Mutual Interference In A Bluetooth Scatternet Under Different Environmental Conditions, Amee Mahendrabhai Godani

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) are becoming popular with mobile professionals. Bluetooth is a Wireless Protocol proposed by the Bluetooth SIG (Special Interest Group). Bluetooth allows a user to create a WPAN just by inserting a chip into a mobile device. Such devices are called Bluetooth enabled devices. The market for Bluetooth enabled devices is going to boom in the coming few years. For this reason, it is important to analyze the performance of a Bluetooth network in proximity to other Bluetooth networks. Important issues addressed by such analysis include data security and interference caused by other Bluetooth devices and …

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Multiple-Period Supply Chain Contract Modeling With Dynamic Stochastic And Price-Elastic Demand, Qian-Nong. Gu Jan 2001

Multiple-Period Supply Chain Contract Modeling With Dynamic Stochastic And Price-Elastic Demand, Qian-Nong. Gu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

In this study we developed a supply chain contract model for multiple scheduling period with dynamic demand patterns of stochastic nature, and with elastic price structures. The model presented here combined and enhanced several supply chain contract models developed previously. It is unique in that it considered multiple periods, dynamic, stochastic and price-elastic demand patterns, and flexible order quantities. Using a linear demand price-elastic relation and normal distribution pattern, optimal solutions for minimum cost, maximum profit, price structure, and order policies for the entire supply chain were derived. Sensitivity analyses performed in this study gave a better understanding of relative …

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Narrative Analysis Of "The Miami Herald"'S Coverage Of The Elian Gonzalez Saga, Kristi D. Caravella Jan 2001

Narrative Analysis Of "The Miami Herald"'S Coverage Of The Elian Gonzalez Saga, Kristi D. Caravella

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

This study examines the coverage of an event that took place mostly in Miami, Florida and was reported on by The Miami Herald for more than six months. There are several issues that are addressed in this thesis. The primary hypothesis of this analysis is that the coverage of the Elian Gonzalez custody battle as it appeared in The Miami Herald uses the same narrative techniques as those used in fictional melodrama or soap operas. John Fiske's theory of melodrama as developed from Brown (1987) and a similar model used by Fiske (1987) is used to compare the specified piece …

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Pedagogy Of The Oppressor: Freirean Pedagogies In The Postmodern Classroom, Toni Perdita Francis Jan 2001

Pedagogy Of The Oppressor: Freirean Pedagogies In The Postmodern Classroom, Toni Perdita Francis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Since the publication of Paulo Freire's Pedagogy of the Oppressed , American educators have found use for his radical pedagogy that challenges traditional education practice. Freire considers current/traditional pedagogy to be "banking education"; he offers in its place a student-centered pedagogy in which both student and teacher participate in the process of learning. Freire's influence is most present in the field of composition studies where, in light of emerging postmodern theories, teachers find it necessary to alter Freire's work, but continue to value applications of his pedagogy such as dialogic classrooms, education for liberation, and problem-posing teaching. These processes and …

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Oceanic Turbulence Measurement Using An Auv Platform And Development Of Graphical Interfaces For Data Acquisition And Analysis, Eric-Olivier. Leindecker Jan 2001

Oceanic Turbulence Measurement Using An Auv Platform And Development Of Graphical Interfaces For Data Acquisition And Analysis, Eric-Olivier. Leindecker

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Application of a small autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is described as a platform for measurement of oceanic turbulence in coastal waters during cold atmospheric fronts. The turbulence package, mounted on the AUV, allows horizontal profiling and measurement of small-scale fluctuations of velocity and temperature and other characteristics of the flow in the ocean mixed layer. The turbulence measurements were made in conjunction with current profile measurements, conductivity, temperature, and depth measurements, providing the background conditions. The navigation and tracking data from the ship and the underwater vehicle are also presented. The primary focus of this research was to collect and …

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Pattern-Oriented Design Of A Dynamically Reconfigurable Software Architecture For Auv High-Level Control, Benoit Francois Dupire Jan 2001

Pattern-Oriented Design Of A Dynamically Reconfigurable Software Architecture For Auv High-Level Control, Benoit Francois Dupire

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

The Morpheus, the latest generation of AUV developed at Florida Atlantic University was designed to be as modular as possible, and to handle longer, more complicated missions. The software must now reflect this improvement: it should be as dynamic as possible, must adapt to the different missions and emphasize flexibility and scalability. It must allow for complex behaviors, failure detection and handling and multiple cooperative missions. On the other hand, the new high-level controller has to remain accessible to the non expert user. To achieve these goals, a new architecture, based on the Convenient Hierarchical Autonomous State Machine formalism, was …

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Outlining A Theory About The Practical Use Of Theory: A Discourse-Practice Theoretic Analysis Of Academic Public Administration Symposia Genre, Cheedy Jaja Jan 2001

Outlining A Theory About The Practical Use Of Theory: A Discourse-Practice Theoretic Analysis Of Academic Public Administration Symposia Genre, Cheedy Jaja

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Academic public administration (APA) supposedly provides theoretic and programmatic guidance for bureaucratic public administration (BPA). But in reality, a relationship best characterized as a gap between "theory" (APA) and "practice" (BPA) is deemed to exist between the two social practices. Scholars who have analyzed APA theoretic literature ascribed the theory-practice problematic to methodological inadequacies, the implication being that investment in appropriate social science methods would enhance the intellectual rigor and social utility of APA discursive works. To provide a much richer perspective on the theory-practice problematic, this study conceptualizes theoretic discourses as social actions. When scholars theorize, they invariably want …

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Performance Analysis Of Rlp For Nak Based Arq Scheme In Cdma2000 Wireless Systems For Random Error Channels, Daniel J. Easo Jan 2001

Performance Analysis Of Rlp For Nak Based Arq Scheme In Cdma2000 Wireless Systems For Random Error Channels, Daniel J. Easo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

This thesis is an effort to present the performance analysis of the RLP in cdma2000, which uses the NAK based ARQ scheme for Random Error Channels. The performance analyses is done in terms of throughput and mean extra delay, which are calculated analytically and are compared with the results generated from the simulations. As the demand for higher data rates increases over the wireless channels, this thesis studies the effect of the random errors over the different types of RLP frame formats and also the performance of the NAK based ARQ mechanism used in these conditions. The simulation provides with …

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Performance Evaluation Of A Ds/Cdma Packet Transmission System Under Rician Fading Channel Conditions, Christodoulos. Argyrides Jan 2001

Performance Evaluation Of A Ds/Cdma Packet Transmission System Under Rician Fading Channel Conditions, Christodoulos. Argyrides

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

This thesis is concerned with the performance analysis of a DS/CDMA packet radio system under Rician fading channel conditions. Analytic expressions are derived for the probability density functions and cumulative distribution functions of the total signal-to-interference ratio when considering mixed-type of interference sources. The users are divided into two groups: those that apply closed-loop power control and those that apply open-loop power control. Four different scenarios of power control were studied. The outage probability is evaluated for the four different cases of power control. A packet transmission protocol with forward error correction capabilities is considered, and the probability density functions …

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Perceptions Of Tenth-Grade Mathematics Teachers And School Administrators Toward Florida's School Accountability System: The A+ Plan, Lourdes. Ferrer Jan 2001

Perceptions Of Tenth-Grade Mathematics Teachers And School Administrators Toward Florida's School Accountability System: The A+ Plan, Lourdes. Ferrer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

The purpose of this qualitative study was to learn how high school mathematics teachers and school administrators perceived Florida's school accountability system, the A+ Plan. This inquiry was conducted during the spring of 2001, in one of the largest urban school districts in Florida, with a sample of 27 participants, 21 teachers and 6 administrators, pre-selected from a high, an average, and a low performing high school. Data was gathered in the form of tape-recorded interviews, hand written field notes, and document analysis. This study found that the school performance grade, teaching assignment course level, and race or ethnicity were …

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Performance Impairments Of Bluetooth Systems Specified By External Emi And Transmissions From Piconet Neighbors, Victor Daniel Gadda Jan 2001

Performance Impairments Of Bluetooth Systems Specified By External Emi And Transmissions From Piconet Neighbors, Victor Daniel Gadda

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

This study presents computer simulations directed to address the performance of a baseband Bluetooth system. These simulations help to understand the performance impairments experienced by the Bluetooth systems in the presence of external electromagnetic interference (EMI) and interference that arises from piconet neighbors. The simulation results show that the effect of small scale fading is an important factor that decides the performance of a Bluetooth system. Additionally, it is shown that the interference from piconet neighbors or the interference that stems from devices belonging to the same piconet can be reduced by using frequency-hoping and time synchronization improvised within the …

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Reliability And Accuracy Of A Gps Unit For Tracking Vehicles In Palm Beach And Broward Counties, Strat Maud Gael Le Jan 2001

Reliability And Accuracy Of A Gps Unit For Tracking Vehicles In Palm Beach And Broward Counties, Strat Maud Gael Le

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

The purpose of this thesis was to study the reliability and the accuracy of GPS positioning in Palm Beach and Broward counties. By studying the predictions of DOP values using Pathfinder Office and performing some statistical analysis on theoretical GPS data using the software SAS 8.0, the conclusion was made that PDOP values not only depend on the number of available satellites, but also on their relative positions. By field testing, and comparing the recorded data with the theoretical GPS data, it was seen that non-DGPS could be rather accurate. Furthermore, it can be justified for a GPS unit to …

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Predicting Self-Directed Learning From Personality Type, Arthur Hudson Johnson Jan 2001

Predicting Self-Directed Learning From Personality Type, Arthur Hudson Johnson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

The purpose of this study was to correlate readiness for self-directed learning with validated indices of personality type, determine which of these indices are significantly related with readiness for self-directed learning, and then predict readiness for self-directed learning from personality type. This study used the MBTI Form-M and SDLRS Form-A to assess personality type and readiness for self-directed learning. The null hypothesis of no significant correlation between any of the eight-indicator scale scores on the MBTI and SDLRS total score was rejected. The scale indicators of Extroversion (E), Introversion (I), Judging (J), and Perceiving (P) were all significantly related to …

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Redefining The Pastoral In Contemporary Literature Through The Works Of Flannery O'Connor, Pamelyn. Jongbloed Jan 2001

Redefining The Pastoral In Contemporary Literature Through The Works Of Flannery O'Connor, Pamelyn. Jongbloed

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

The pastoral form is one of the oldest in the literary tradition. Historically, the definition of "pastoral" was limited to eclogues and idylls that epitomize a simple way of life, usually with shepherds as their subject. Over time, the pastoral genre has undergone numerous metamorphoses that retain some aspects of a simplistic vision, while contradicting the more complex matters that help to define the human condition. These transformations have allowed for pastoral motifs set in direct opposition to everyday life in order to exemplify human frailties. In Flannery O'Connor's works, the simplicities of natural southern settings are in direct contrast …

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Predictive Model Of Student Performance In Internet-Based Distance Learning Courses At The Community College, Tunjarnika Lowell Coleman-Ferrell Jan 2001

Predictive Model Of Student Performance In Internet-Based Distance Learning Courses At The Community College, Tunjarnika Lowell Coleman-Ferrell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

The purpose of this research study was to develop a predictive model of student performance in Internet-based distance learning courses at the community college level. The predictor variables included socioeconomic status as it relates to age, gender, marital status, income, and race, as well as, level of education, computer proficiency, motivation, academic support, and grade received in the course. The survey used in this study was the Internet Based Distance Learning Courses Questionnaire (IBDLQ). The survey was administered to a sample of 291 completers of Internet-based distance learning courses at the end of the Summer 2000 and Fall 2000 school …

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Reproductive Biology Of Lygodium Microphyllum And L. Japonicum, Two Invasive Fern Species In Florida, Michael Stephen Lott Jan 2001

Reproductive Biology Of Lygodium Microphyllum And L. Japonicum, Two Invasive Fern Species In Florida, Michael Stephen Lott

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Lygodium microphyllum and L. japonicum are two non-indigenous invasive climbing ferns which are currently spreading through Florida. The reproductive biology of both species was examined to determine if their reproductive strategy partially explains this spread. Gametophytes of both species were grown in vitro as isolates and pairs to examine reproductive strategies. L. microphyllum appeared to be capable of both outcrossing and selfing, while in L. japonicum intragametophytic selfing appeared to be the primary mode of sexual reproduction. Outcrossing in L. microphyllum appeared to be the result of an antheridiogen system that affected sexual expression of neighboring gametophytes and subsequent sporophyte …

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Risk Of Hatchling Loss To Nearshore Predators At A High-Density Loggerhead Nesting Beach In Southeast Florida, Kelly Rhoda Stewart Jan 2001

Risk Of Hatchling Loss To Nearshore Predators At A High-Density Loggerhead Nesting Beach In Southeast Florida, Kelly Rhoda Stewart

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

It has been recognized that mortality is high for juvenile stages of long-lived vertebrates such as sea turtles, however few studies have quantified mortality rates. The objective of this study was to assess the relative risk that hatchlings face in their first few minutes in the water, at the commencement of their offshore migration from a natural high-density nesting beach (Juno/Jupiter, FL). I followed 217 hatchlings at night by kayak, as they left the beach and documented the proportion surviving the initial 15 minutes in the water. Of these, 206 survived for an empirical survival rate of 95%. Tarpon were …

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Remote Labs: Design And Implementation Issues, Samer M. Aoudi Jan 2001

Remote Labs: Design And Implementation Issues, Samer M. Aoudi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

This thesis proposes the use of remote laboratory experiments in distance education as a tool to add a reality factor to the distance learning process, thus combining the convenience of distance education with the effectiveness of the traditional physical campus, through its laboratories and technological resources. Moreover, this research studies the different aspects of distance education and remote labs and then provides a proposition to develop an effective remote laboratory setup. Furthermore, it introduces and discusses the different components of a general remote lab experiment and applies the proposed process to an actual remote lab experiment, namely 'The Characteristics of …

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Social Development Of Free-Ranging Atlantic Spotted Dolphins (Stenella Frontalis) In The Bahamas, Kelly Kathleen Moewe Jan 2001

Social Development Of Free-Ranging Atlantic Spotted Dolphins (Stenella Frontalis) In The Bahamas, Kelly Kathleen Moewe

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

This study documented the behavioral development of Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis) in the Bahamas. 45 three-minute video-taped sequences of underwater social behavior (aggression, courtship, play), spanning from 1992 to 1996, were selected for ethological analysis and were broken down into 15 adult, 15 juvenile and 15 mixed age class sequences. Continuous focal sub-group sampling was conducted, and one-tailed Kruskal-Wallis ANOVAs were used to test for differences between the age groups in frequencies of occurrence of: (1) the 7 behavioral categories, and (2) the 8 most frequently performed behavioral events. Juveniles performed significantly more Other behaviors and Attention to Object …

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Resource Guide For Parents And Classroom Teachers Educating Special Education Students To Increase Appropriate Communication With All Individual Education Program (Iep) Team Members, Amy Thomasson Nast Jan 2001

Resource Guide For Parents And Classroom Teachers Educating Special Education Students To Increase Appropriate Communication With All Individual Education Program (Iep) Team Members, Amy Thomasson Nast

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Historically, individuals with special needs have been isolated from society and educational opportunities. Though the professional care for these individuals improved in two hundred years, only since the passage of Public Law 94-142, in the past twenty-seven years, have the needs and accomplishments of special needs individuals been made public. Based on ten years in the classroom, one special educator experienced the need for parents and classroom teachers to have a resources reference for educating special needs individuals and to improve the communication among parents, classroom teachers and special educators. Each group should have an understanding of some history of …

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Soul Bubba: President Clinton's Use Of The Rhetoric Of Inclusion To Ensure The Loyalty Of The Congressional Black Caucus, Sandra Elizabeth Bernard-Bastien Jan 2001

Soul Bubba: President Clinton's Use Of The Rhetoric Of Inclusion To Ensure The Loyalty Of The Congressional Black Caucus, Sandra Elizabeth Bernard-Bastien

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Clinton's success in engendering loyalty in the African-American, despite his failure to deliver socio-economic and political benefits, presents us with an apparent paradox. The contention is that the answer to this paradox could be found in the rhetorical style and strategies habitually employed by Clinton when speaking to African-Americans. What Clinton said to black America is important, but how he said it, is even more so. Through a critical examination of his eight speeches to the Congressional Black Caucus' Annual Dinner, using rhetorical theory, this research examines how Clinton said what he said. In utilizing the critical approach that examines …

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Software Development Behavior In Small Organizations, Muhammed Zubair Chaudhry Jan 2001

Software Development Behavior In Small Organizations, Muhammed Zubair Chaudhry

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

As the software industry continues to mature, best practices have been defined to improve the quality and productivity of software development. Adoption rates of these practices are better understood for large organizations as compared to small standalone organizations. Based on surveys and interviews, this study analyzes the utilization of software development best practices by small software organizations, and the factors that influence different levels of adoption. The results demonstrate that context is the main determinant of adoption, driven by competitive pressures, organizational incentives, and prior exposure to best practices. Consulting firms were influenced by their contractual relationship with the client, …

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Secondary Orality In "Their Eyes Were Watching God" And "The Color Purple", Africa Ragland Fine Jan 2001

Secondary Orality In "Their Eyes Were Watching God" And "The Color Purple", Africa Ragland Fine

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

The differences between orality and literacy have been explored by theorists who have focused mainly on the differences in the nature of communication once writing is introduced. However, other theorists have challenged the theory that those characteristics are separate and independent, and there is an argument that the relationship between oral and written communication is not a dichotomy, but a continuum when elements of both can coexist. This idea leads to theory of secondary orality, which describes communication that encompasses both oral and literate elements. Two modern novels, Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God and Alice Walker's The …

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Structure And Function In The Developing Brain: Effects Of Early Frontal And Cerebellar Lesions On Activity, Learning, Social And Emotional Behavior In The Rat, Bernadette Mietus Stevenson Jan 2001

Structure And Function In The Developing Brain: Effects Of Early Frontal And Cerebellar Lesions On Activity, Learning, Social And Emotional Behavior In The Rat, Bernadette Mietus Stevenson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Autism, characterized by disrupted social interaction and communication skills, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), characterized by hyperactivity and inattention, are two neurodevelopmental disorders that have recently been linked to common dysfunctions in the frontal lobes and cerebellum. The present study was designed to evaluate the neonatal rat as an animal model for neurodevelopmental disorders. The behavior of rats with early Frontal (FR), Cerebellar (CB), or Frontal + Cerebellar (FR + CB) lesions, performed at either Post-natal Day 2 (PD 2) or 9 (PD 9), was evaluated with regard to activity, learning, social, and emotional behavior between the age of …

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Study On Bluetooth And Mobile Ip/Cdpd Technologies: Performance Considerations And Emi/Rfi Implications, Jesada. Sivaraks Jan 2001

Study On Bluetooth And Mobile Ip/Cdpd Technologies: Performance Considerations And Emi/Rfi Implications, Jesada. Sivaraks

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

What have been envisaged and focused in the research as deliberated in this dissertation, refer to certain state-of-the-art perspectives of modern wireless telecommunications. Specifically, the objectives and scope of the research efforts carried out include systematic analyses of two major wireless technologies, namely, the Bluetooth(TM) and the CDPD system. The relevant tasks undertaken refer to analytical modeling, experimental studies and simulations pertinent to the performance considerations of the test systems subjected to EMI/RFI influences. The following can be enumerated as the specific research endeavors pursued and completed: (1) Identification of performance implications in the Bluetooth(TM) and CDPD wireless transmissions subjected …

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Teaching Sight Words To Students With Mental Retardation And Learning Disabilities: Constant Time Delay Versus Interspersal Of Known Items, Melissa Gail Knight Jan 2001

Teaching Sight Words To Students With Mental Retardation And Learning Disabilities: Constant Time Delay Versus Interspersal Of Known Items, Melissa Gail Knight

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

This study compared the efficacy and efficiency of using constant time delay (CTD) with interspersal of known items (IKI) paired with an error correction technique to teach sight words to students with mild mental retardation and learning disabilities. Time delay is a technique that transfers stimulus control from a controlling prompt (a prompt that results in correct task performance) to the discriminative stimulus (stimulus presented before a response can occur) by delaying the presentation of the prompt after the stimulus has been presented. During the initial trial, the delay between prompt and stimulus is at 0-seconds; during all other trials …

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Synchronization In Digital Wireless Radio Receivers, Mohamed Khalid Nezami Jan 2001

Synchronization In Digital Wireless Radio Receivers, Mohamed Khalid Nezami

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) architecture is an established technology for digital cellular, personal and satellite communications, as it supports variable data rate transmission and simplified receiver design. Due to transmission bandwidth restrictions, increasing user demands and the necessity to operate at lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the TDMA systems employ high order modulation schemes such as M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) and burst transmission. Use of such techniques in low SNR fading channels causes degradations of carrier frequency error, phase rotation error, and symbol timing jitter. To compensate for the severe degradation due to additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and …

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