Digital Commons Network^™

From Hopeful Monsters To Homeotic Effects: Richard Goldschmidt's Integration Of Development, Evolution, And Genetics, Michael Dietrich

Dartmouth Scholarship

Richard Goldschmidts research on homeotic mutants from 1940 until his death in 1958 represents one of the first serious efforts to integrate genetics, development, and evolution. Using two different models, Goldschmidt tried to show how different views of genetic structure and gene action could provide a mechanism for rapid speciation. Developmental systems were emphasized in one model and a hierarchy of genetic structures in the other. While Goldschmidt tried to find a balance between development and genetics, critics, such as Sewall Wright, urged him and eventually helped him incorporate population dynamics into his models as well. As such, the history …

University Reporter - Vol. 05, No. 03 - November 2000, University Of Massachusetts Boston

1996-2009, University Reporter

No abstract provided.

A Feminist Genealogy Of The Woman’S Christian Temperance Union: Re-Membering Our Selves, Dorothy A. Lander

Journal of International Women's Studies

From the article:

The purpose of my memory work project and this article is to begin to create a “history of the present” (Dean, 1994) through collective remembering in Lipsitz’s (1988) sense of “shared experiences and perceptions about the past that legitimate action in the present” (p. 288). I adapt Nasstrom’s (1999) analysis of memory and narrative and women’s activism to the memory work with my WCTU family, friends and neighbours in the farming community in Ontario where I grew up. We “become historical actors who intervene between the past and the present, continually reframing the movement” (p. 134).

Changes In Hummingbird Species Richness And Abundance In A Forest Fragment And Agricultural Ecotones, November 2000, Stephen Smith

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Hummingbirds are important pollinators in tropical forests, and their behavior is vitally important to the plants they pollinate. As the tropics become more and more fragmented, hummingbirds will play the increasingly important role of long-distance pollination of many plants between isolated tracts of forest. This study looked at the different responses of hummingbirds to a forest fragment and the surrounding agricultural land. Hummingbirds preferred edge to open areas and forest, with three feeders out of 18 getting 126 of the 482 total visits, compared to 91 total visits of the second most visited feeder. Further, the birds preferred an open …

Nectar Robbery And Pollination By Hummingbirds In Relation To Morphological And Physiological Features Of Gesneriaceae, November 2000, Catherine L. Hein

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Many flowers depend on hummingbirds for pollination. However, some hummingbirds are known to rob flowers rather than pollinate them. High robbery rates could decrease pollination reproductive fitness in these plants. Corolla length, bract coverage, nectar volume and sugar concentration, were hypothesized in this study to affect robbery rates. A long corolla, short bract, and high nectar volume and concentration were hypothesized to increase the rate of robbery. Pollination rates were also expected to increase with a high nectar volume and sugar concentration. Data were collected on Alloplectus tetragonus, Besleria formosa, and Drymonia rubra (Gesneriaceae) in the Santa Elena Reserve for …

The Effect Of Plant Location, And Leaf Position On The Adult Leaf Form Of Monstera Tenuis In Costa Rica, November 2000, Heather J. Allen

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Leaf morphology of Monstera tenuis (a tropical forest vine) differs greatly between growth stages. The mature leaf growth form has open areas presumably to prevent shading of the lower leaves on the same plant or to prevent overheating. Therefore, leaves highest on a plant, those exposed to most sun should show the most open area. Plants located on the edge of forest are exposed to more evenly distributed light; therefore, they are expected to have more open area per leaf on average. These ideas were tested in the forest and on the forest edge near the Estación Biológica Monteverde. One …

Effects Of Elevation On Pollinaria Removal In Asclepias Curassavica (Asclepiadaceae), November 2000, Carolyn S. Weaver

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Pollinaria removal was studied in three populations of Asclepias curassavica located on an elevational gradient in and around Monteverde, Costa Rica (815m, 1175m, 1440m). The following plant characteristics were also studied: number of inflorescences, number of flowers per inflorescence, number of pollinaria removed per flower, number of pods. Pollinaria removal in plants with the presence of herbivory was compared to pollinaria removal in plants without herbivory at all three elevations. Pollinaria removal and the presence of aphids were compared the same way as herbivory. Data were collected over a nine day period during the misty season (October – November). Results …

A Comparison Of Ground-Dwelling Insect Communities In Gaps And Closed Canopy Forest In The Elfin Forest Of Monteverde, Costa Rica, November 2000, Elizabeth Green

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

This experiment compared communities of ground-dwelling insects in gaps and closed canopy forest in the elfin forest of the Estación Biológica Monteverde in Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Insects were trapped with pitfall traps in six gaps and adjacent forest areas in October and November 2000. Shannon-Weiner Diversity indices, Margalef species richness indices, evenness (H’ /(In S)), mean abundance per site, and Morisita Similarity indices were compared. Diversity differed only for Coleopterans, which were more diverse in gaps (H’ = 1.201) than in forest (H’ = 0.8387; modified t-test t= 1.979, p < 0.001). The Margalef index of species richness did not vary between paired gap and forest sites for total insects captured, but was significantly higher for Coleopterans in the gaps than in the forest (sign test, a level 0.05). Coleopterans also had greater evenness in gaps than in forest (sign test, a level 0.05). Mean abundances in gap (8.04 +/- 7.669 mean number of insects/trap) and forest (5.09 +/- 3.191 insects/trap) sites were not different. The Morisita Similarity index was 0.4846, with 47.05% of ground-dwelling insect morphospecies shared between gaps and closed forest. Perhaps conditions in gaps and closed canopy areas in this forest are sufficiently different to allow specialization by ground-dwelling insects to one or the other habitat type.

The Parthenon, November 1, 2000, Marshall University

The Parthenon

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Habitat Type And Drying On Ascogregarina Barretti (Eugregarinida : Lecudinidae) Infection In Aedes Triseritatus (Diptera : Culicidae), Stephen L. Van Rhein, Barry E. Flanary, Steven A. Juliano

Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences

The intensity and prevalence of parasitism by Ascogregarina barretti (Vavra) in aedes triseriatus (Say) did not differ between tires and tree holes in field samples taken in September 1996. There was significant variation in the intensity of parasitism among containers that was not significantly cor-related with the pH, conductivity, or temperature of the container water. In an experiment manipulating habitat drying, treatments had a significant effect on A. barretti infection of Ae. triseriatus, only during midsummer in one of two years. Containers maintained at maximal volume had the lowest prevalence of parasitism, and containers that dried out had the greatest …

The Reemergence Of Enlightenment Ideas In The 1994 French Bioethics Debates, Nan T. Ball

Duke Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Intangible Property Under The Federal Mail Fraud Statute And The Takings Clause: A Case Study, Michael J. Hostetler

Duke Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Obituary: Elmer Clea Birney, 1940-2000, Hugh H. Genoways, Carleton J. Phillips, Jerry R. Choate, Robert S. Sikes, Kristin M. Kramer

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

On 11 June 2000, Dr. Elmer C. Birney unexpectedly passed away from cardiac arrest suffered while outside caring for his cattle at his home in Blaine, Minnesota. One of his former students, Robert Timm, probably best expressed the immediate reaction of his family and many friends: ‘‘He was too young and in too good of health to be gone so soon.’’ At the time of his death, Elmer was Professor in the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, the Curator of Mammals at the Bell Museum of Natural History, and Director of Graduate Studies of the program in Ecology, Evolution …

Runoff And Soil Loss As Affected By The Application Of Manure, John E. Gilley, L. Mark Risse

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Manure has been used effectively to improve crop production and soil properties because it contains nutrients and organic matter. While it is generally accepted that the improved soil properties associated with manure application lead to changes in runoff and soil erosion, few studies have quantified these impacts. Water quality models used to assess watershed management and estimate total maximum daily load must accurately predict loading rates from fields where manure has been applied. This study was conducted to assemble and summarize information quantifying the effects of manure application on runoff and soil loss resulting from natural precipitation events, and to …

Electrophysiological Studies Of Olfaction In The Whip Spider Phrynus Parvulus (Arachnida, Amblypygi), Eileen Hebets, Reginald F. Chapman

Eileen Hebets Publications

The olfactory response of the whip spider Phrynus parvulus from Costa Rica was examined using a technique analogous to that used for insect electroantennograms on the tarsi of the antenniform legs which bear multiporous sensilla. Responses to 42 chemicals representing different chain lengths of alkanes, carboxylic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones, as well as some esters, monoterpenes, and phenolics were examined. Fifty-four percent of the chemicals tested elicited responses. Concentration–response curves were generated for guaiacol, hexanal, methyl salicylate, benzaldehyde, octanoic acid, and linalool. Guaiacol, benzaldehyde, and hexanol elicited the greatest responses and no differences were detected between the sexes. Compounds …

Prevalence Of Parainfluenza And Influenza Viruses Amongst Children With Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, Gheyath K. Nasrallah, Mamdoh M. Meqdam, Abdullah Al-Shurman

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Parainfluenza and Influenza causing upper respiratory tract infections and to evaluate shell vial culture assay and direct immunofluorescence assay. METHODS: A retrospective study during the period between November 1997 and May 1998. A total of 350 nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from children suffering from respiratory tract infections. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were investigated for the presence of Parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, Influenza A and B using shell vial culture assay, conventional culture assay and direct immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS: Parainfluenza 1 were identified in 3%, Parainfluenza 2 in 5% and …

Multiple Choice Questions In Medical Schools, Dirk Deleu, Awad M. Ahmed

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Alternative Principal Components Regression Procedures For Dendrohydrologic Reconstructions, Hugo G. Hidalgo, Thomas C. Piechota, John A. Dracup

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

Streamflow reconstruction using tree ring information (dendrohydrology) has traditionally used principal components analysis (PCA) and stepwise regression to form a transfer function. However, PCA has several procedural choices that may result in very different reconstructions. This study assesses the different procedures in PCA-based regression and suggests alternative procedures for selection of variables and principal components. Cross-validation statistics are presented as an alternative for independently testing and identifying the optimal model. The objective is to use these statistics as a measure of the model's performance to find a conceptually acceptable model with a low prediction error and the fewest number of …

Development And Validation Of A Pedestrian Lower Limb Non-Linear 3-D Finite Element Model, Peter Schuster, Gopal Jayaraman

Mechanical Engineering

Lower limb injury is becoming an increasingly important concern in vehicle safety for both occupants and pedestrians. To enable vehicle manufacturers to better understand the biomechanical effects of design changes, it is deemed beneficial to employ a biomechanically fidelic finite element model of the human lower limb.

The model developed in this study includes long bones (tibia, fibula, femur) and flat bone (patella) as deformable bodies. The pelvis and foot bones are modeled as rigid bodies connected to the femur and tibia/fibula via rotational spring-dashpots. The knee is defined by scanned bone surface geometry and is surrounded by the menisci, …

Spaceflight Effects On Single Skeletal Muscle Fiber Function In The Rhesus Monkey, Robert H. Fitts, Dominique Desplanches, Janell Romatowski, Jeffrey J. Widrick

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this investigation was to understand how 14 days of weightlessness alters the cellular properties of individual slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers in the rhesus monkey. The diameter of the soleus (Sol) type I, medial gastrocnemius (MG) type I, and MG type II fibers from the vivarium controls averaged 60 ± 1, 46 ± 2, and 59 ± 2 µm, respectively. Both a control 1-G capsule sit (CS) and spaceflight (SF) significantly reduced the Sol type I fiber diameter (20 and 13%, respectively) and peak force, with the latter declining from 0.48 ± 0.01 to 0.31 ± 0.02 …

Lack Of Cd4+ T Cells Does Not Affect Induction Of Cd8+ T-Cell Immunity Against Encephalitozoon Cuniculi Infection, Magali Moretto, Lori Casciotti, Brigit Durell, Imtiaz A. Khan

Dartmouth Scholarship

Cell-mediated immunity has been reported to play an important role in defense against Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection. Previous studies from our laboratory have underlined the importance of cytotoxic CD8⁺ T lymphocytes (CTL) in survival of mice infected with E. cuniculi. In the present study, immune response against E. cuniculi infection in CD4⁺T-cell-deficient mice was evaluated. Similar to resistant wild-type animals, CD4^−/− mice were able to resolve E. cuniculi infection even at a very high challenge dose (5 × 10⁷ spores/mouse). Tissues from infected CD4^−/−mice did not exhibit higher parasite loads in comparison to …

The George-Anne, Georgia Southern University

The George-Anne

• Announcements
• Police Beat
• Opinions
• Sports
• Classifieds
• Lifestyles

Taking Pierce Seriously: The Family, Religious Education, And Harm To Children, Richard W. Garnett

Journal Articles

Many States exempt religious parents from prosecution, or limit their exposure to criminal liability, when their failure to seek medical care for their sick or injured children is motivated by religious belief. This paper explores the question what, if anything, the debate about these exemptions says about the state's authority to override parents' decisions about education, particularly religious education. If we accept, for example, that the state may in some cases require medical treatment for a child, over her parents' objections, to avoid serious injury or death, should it follow that it may regulate, or even forbid, a child's religious …

Ant Diversity Between Two Methods Of Coffee Farming In The San Luis Valley, November 2000, Joanna Leachman

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Due to herbaceous, fungal, or insectivorous pests, coffee farms are sometimes treated with chemicals throughout the year to eliminate these problems. However, this can impact beneficial insects, like predaceous ants. Using tuna and honey as bait, I captured ants on the ground of three organic and three inorganic coffee farms. I also measured the amount of ground vegetation at each site. I found a significantly higher diversity of both total and predaceous ant species on organic farms (p < 0.001, p <0.005). The amount of ground vegetation on organic farms was also significantly higher (p < 0.0001).

Her Mistress’S Voice: Gynophonocentrism In Feminist Discourses, Mikko Keskinen

Journal of International Women's Studies

From the article:

I will trace the metaphors of voice in the discourses of feminisms as articulated by Judith Fetterley, Kaja Silverman, Julia Kristeva, and Hélène Cixous. I will analyze the presuppositions of their vocal or sound imagery, paying special attention to the implications of the essentialism/constructivism opposition. It is not my intention to provide a comprehensive account of voice in feminisms, nor to make sweeping generalizations on the basis of a very limited corpus. Moreover, in spite of their differences in cultural background, period, and main area of study, the four theorists to be read are, as it were, …

Marine Planktonic Archaea Take Up Amino Acids, Cleber C. Ouverney, Jed A. Fuhrman

Faculty Publications, Biological Sciences

Archaea are traditionally thought of as “extremophiles,” but recent studies have shown that marine planktonic Archaea make up a surprisingly large percentage of ocean midwater microbial communities, up to 60% of the total prokaryotes. However, the basic physiology and contribution of Archaea to community microbial activity remain unknown. We have studied Archaea from 200-m depths of the northwest Mediterranean Sea and the Pacific Ocean near California, measuring the archaeal activity under simulated natural conditions (8 to 17°C, dark and anaerobic) by means of a method called substrate tracking autoradiography fluorescence in situ hybridization (STARFISH) that simultaneously detects specific cell types …

A Family Of Developmentally Excised Dna Elements In Tetrahymena Is Under Selective Pressure To Maintain An Open Reading Frame Encoding An Integrase-Like Protein, Jill A. Gershan, Kathleen M. Karrer

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Tlr1 is a member of a family of ~20-30 DNA elements that undergo developmentally regulated excision during formation of the macronucleus in the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena. Analysis of sequence internal to the right boundary of Tlr1 revealed the presence of a 2 kb open reading frame (ORF) encoding a deduced protein with similarity to retrotransposon integrases. The ORFs of five unique clones were sequenced. The ORFs have 98% sequence conservation and align without frameshifts, although one has an additional trinucleotide at codon 561. Nucleotide changes among the five clones are highly non-random with respect to the position in the …

Unruly Rights, Linda Ross Meyer

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Information Retrieval And Mining In High Dimensional Databases, Xiong Wang

Dissertations

This dissertation is composed of two parts. In the first part, we present a framework for finding information (more precisely, active patterns) in three dimensional (3D) graphs. Each node in a graph is an undecoraposable or atomic unit and has a label. Edges are links between the atomic units. Patterns are rigid substructures that may occur in a graph after allowing for an arbitrary number of whole-structure rotations and translations as well as a small number (specified by the user) of edit operations in the patterns or in the graph. (When a pattern appears in a graph only after the …

Control Of High-Harmonic Generation And Laser-Assisted X-Ray-Atom Scattering With Static Electric And Magnetic Fields, D. B. Milošević, Anthony F. Starace

Anthony F. Starace Publications

We consider the use of strong static fields to control two related atomic processes: laser-assisted x-ray-atom scattering (XAS) and high-harmonic generation (HHG). We first analyze the laser field intensity dependence of the differential cross section (DCS) plateau structures for the laser-assisted XAS process in the presence of a static electric field as a function of the number of photons exchanged with the laser field. Besides the recently discovered (Milošević, D.B. and Starace, A.F., 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett., 81, 5097) extended plateau for absorbed photons, which indicates a substantial increase of the scattered x-ray energies, a new plateau, having many …