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The Polarization Of Sb Overlayers On Nimnsb(100), Takashi Komesu, C.N. Borca, Hae-Kyung Jeong, Peter A. Dowben, Delia Ristoiu, J.P. Nozieres, Shane Stadler, Y.U. Idzerda

Peter Dowben Publications

We have investigated the induced polarization of paramagnetic Sb overlayers on the Heusler alloy NiMnSb. From combined X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and spin-polarized inverse photoemission spectroscopy (SPIPES), we can assign some of the unoccupied states of the Heusler alloy NiMnSb. With increasing thickness of the Sb overlayer, there is a decline in the density of states near the Fermi energy, as expected for a semimetal overlayer on a metallic substrate. While the Sb is polarized by the ferromagnetic NiMnSb substrate, consistent with the expectations of mean field theory, the polarization at the center of the surface/overlayer Brillouin zone cannot be …

A Small-System Ensemble Monte Carlo Simulation Of Supersaturated Vapor: Evaluation Of Barrier To Nucleation, K.J. Oh, Xiao Cheng Zeng

Xiao Cheng Zeng Publications

A small-system grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo method is developed to evaluate cluster size distribution and barrier to the nucleation in a supersaturated Lennard-Jones vapor. The theoretical foundation is a physical cluster theory in which the Stillinger cluster is used as a prototypical physical cluster. Using method of Mayer’s cluster expansion, the cluster–vapor interaction is effectively taken into account. From a separate canonical ensemble Monte Carlo simulation using a test particle method, the averaged volume of the cluster is obtained and is also incorporated in the small-system ensemble simulation. By this implementation our simulation is computationally more efficient compared to …

Clay Mineral Composition Of Glacial Erratics, Mcmurdo Sound, Mary Anne Holmes

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Twenty-two erratics collected from coastal moraines along the shores of Mount Discovery, Brown Peninsula, Minna Bluff, on Black Island, and from the Salmon and Miers valley floors in East Antarctica were examined for their mineral composition in the <2 m fraction by x-ray diffraction to determine their provenance and the climate under which the sediment in the erratics formed. Semi-quantitative results from peak areas were subjected to principal components analysis and indicate that there are two distinct mineral compositions in the erratics (C = 0.05): A) dominant smectite group minerals, minor illite and kaolinite, and no chlorite, and B) dominant illite, subordinate smectite group, and either chlorite and R=l US clay or R=3 US clay. Group A erratics include two types: 1) Eocene age siliciclastic sediment and 2) volcaniclastics of unknown age. Group B erratics comprise three types: 1) Eocene age siliciclastic sediment dominated by illite with subordinate smectite, no chlorite, and very low levels of kaolinite and mixed-layer clays; 2) post Eocene age erratics dominated by illite with a major component of chlorite and R=l US clay, minor or no smectite and kaolinite; and 3) post Eocene age erratics dominated by illite and containing R=3 US clay. Eocene age sediment occurs in either group and so had two distinct provenances for the clay fraction: a smectite-dominant area and an illite-rich, smectite-poor area. Post Eocene age sediment also had two distinct provenances for the clay fraction and are different from the Eocene sources: a metamorphic + ancient sedimentary terrain that supplied chlorite, illite, and R=l US clay to some of the erratics, and a sedimentary terrain that supplied illite and R=3 US clay. Kaolinite levels are low, indicating the absence of intense weathering and/or any significant contribution from the Beacon Supergroup.

Track Theory Predictions For Single-Hit Cell Survival, Robert Katz, Francis Cucinotta

Robert Katz Publications

The track theory of cell survival after heavy-ion irradiation is based on the probability of survival after a single-particle transit, called ‘‘ion-kill’’ (not track core), joined to the cumulative effect of δ rays from adjacent ions in a beam, called ‘‘gamma-kill’’ (not penumbra). The model offers a set of equations containing four parameters, E₀ and m for the single-hit multitarget statistical model for gamma-kill, and additionally σ₀ and κ for ion-kill. A single set of parameters is used to fit a family of survival curves obtained with ions of different LET simultaneously.

Cross Sections For Singly Differential And Total Ionization Of Helium By Electron Impact, Yong-Ki Kim, Walter R. Johnson, M. Eugene Rudd

M. Eugene Rudd Publications

The binary-encounter dipole (BED) model for electron-impact ionization is applied to helium using the continuum dipole oscillator strength calculated from the relativistic random-phase approximation. The resulting total ionization cross section agrees with available experimental data well within the quoted experimental uncertainties. The singly differential (=energy distribution of ejected electrons) cross section agrees well in shape with available experiments. Because of the remarkable agreement with experiment at all incident and ejected electron energies and the compact analytic form of the cross sections, we propose that the BED cross sections for helium serve as a normalization standard with an accuracy of ±5% …

Prevalence Of Food Allergy In Asthmatic Patients, Bahaa A. Aba-Alkhail, Fathi M. El-Gamal

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to assess the role of clinical sensitivity to food on the pattern of bronchial asthma. METHODS: A total of 1341 patients with asthma were included in the present study. The clinical sensitivity to food and its relation to respiratory symptoms were assessed cross-sectionally (using detailed questionnaires), and longitudinally during their regular visits to the asthma clinic using diet diary. Total IgE was determined for a subsample of the patients (No = 392). RESULTS: The prevalence of clinical sensitivity to food was 29%; about 2 thirds of the patients had high total IgE level. Asthmatic patients …

Mythos Chronos Logos, Ruth Laxson, Special Collections, Fleet Library

Ruth Laxson Artist Book Archive

[22] leaves : ill. Part 1: Mythos (chance chants) -- Part 2: Chronos (timing) -- Part 3: Logos (logic). Cover title. Sewn in grey colored thread; five-hole Japanese stab binding with hinge-fold. Issued in grey paper boards; hinge-fold edged in grey cloth. Black endpapers. Printed in black and white. "Printed on various papers with hand set type: Caslon & Franklin Gothic ... Edition 40."--Colophon. Library has copy no. 24. Signed by the artist.

Heavily Fluorinated Sugar Analogs, Stephen G. Dimagno

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

Heavily fluorinated Sugar analogs of formula

wherein R₁ is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, CH₂OH, -CH₂-O-alkyl, -CH₂-O-aryl, -CH₂OPO₃H, -CH₂-O-carbohydrate, -CH₂-NH-peptide, or -CH₂-O-peptide; wherein R₂ is selected from hydroxy, -O-carbohydrate, -NH-peptide,

wherein R₃ is selected from H, halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower haloalkyl, lower haloalkenyl, amino, mono- or di-lower alkylamino; wherein R₄ is Selected from amino, hydroxy, alkoxy, or halogen; and wherein R₅ is H or amino. The compounds of formula (I) are useful as antiviral and antineoplastic agents …

Expression Of A Dominant-Negative Mutant Of P21ras Inhibits Induction Of Nitric Oxide Synthase And Activation Of Nuclear Factor-Kb In Primary Astrocytes, Kalipada Pahan, Xiaojuan Lu, Michael J. Mckinney, Charles Wood, Faruk G. Sheikh, John R. Raymond

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The present study underlines the importance of p21ras in regulating the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in primary astrocytes. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides induced the GTP loading of p21ras, and the expression of a dominant-negative mutant of p21ras (Dp21ras) inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced GTP loading in rat primary astrocytes. To delineate the role of p21ras in the induction of iNOS, we examined the effect of Dp21ras on the expression of iNOS and the production of nitric oxide. It is interesting that expression of Dp21ras markedly inhibited the production of nitric oxide and the expression of iNOS in lipopolysaccharide- and pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-a, …

Codes And Curves, Judy L. Walker

Department of Mathematics: Faculty Publications

When information is transmitted, errors are likely to occur. Coding theory examines effi cient ways of packaging data so that these errors can be detected, or even corrected. The traditional tools of coding theory have come from combinatorics and group theory. Lately, however, coding theorists have added techniques from algebraic geometry to their toolboxes. In particular, by re-interpreting the Reed- Solomon codes, one can see how to defi ne new codes based on divisors on algebraic curves. For instance, using modular curves over fi nite fi elds, Tsfasman, Vladut, and Zink showed that one can defi ne a sequence of …

Hazing And Movements Of Canada Geese Near Elmendorf Air Force Base In Anchorage, Alaska, Darryl L. York, John L. Cummings, Richard M. Engeman, Kate L. Wedemeyer

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Bird strikes to aircraft are a serious economic and safety problem in the United States, annually causing millions of dollars in damage to civilian and military aircraft and the occasional loss of human life. We observed movements of 1236 neckbanded lesser Canada geese (Branta canadensis parvipes) to determine efficacy of hazing as a means to reduce goose presence at Elmendorf Air Force Base (EAFB), Anchorage, Alaska from August to October 1997. Emphasis was on movements of geese onto EAFB with additional data collected at the other two major airports in the area, Anchorage International Airport (AIA) and Merrill …

Evaluation Of Flight ControlTm And Mesurol® As Repellents To Reduce Horned Lark (Eremophila Alpestris) Damage To Lettuce Seedlings, Darryl L. York, John L. Cummings, Richard M. Engeman, James E. Davis Jr.

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We conducted enclosure trials near Huron, CA in the San Joaquin Valley from 12 to 23 January 1999 to determine the efficacy of Flight Control™ (50% anthraquinone) and Mesurol® (75% methiocarb) in preventing horned lark damage to lettuce seedlings. Flight Control™ (FC) and Mesurol® were evaluated as foliar sprays at application rates of 2.79 and 2.27 kg ha^-1, respectively. Homed lark damage to lettuce seedlings treated with antraquinone was greater (p = 0.015) than for rnethiocarb®, 60 versus 20%, respectively, and seedlings in control plots were 100% destroyed. While this level of damage is probably unacceptable to lettuce …

Soil-Moisture Preferences And Soil-Use Behaviors Of Northern Pocket Gophers, Ray T. Sterner

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Factors affecting soil-contact and –manipulation behaviors of pocket gophers (Thomomys and Geomys spp.) are poorly understood. Delineation of these behaviors is crucial to development of new repellent systems that seek to exploit the fossorial activity of these rodents. In a laboratory study involving northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides), I examined the effects(s) of gravimetric soil moisture (i.e., 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) upon soil-contact and –use behaviors. Six gophers received successive, 0.5 h/day exposures to one of the moist soils compared to dry (0%) soil in a 2-choice apparatus. Times in each compartment and observed …

Sheep-Predation Behaviors Of Wild-Caught, Confined Coyotes: Some Historical Data, Ray T. Sterner, Kenneth Crane

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

As part of efforts to develop The Livestock Protection Collar (U.S. EPA Reg. No. 56228-22), we videotaped sheep-predation events by 23 (15 males and 8 females) wild-caught, confined coyotes (Canis latrans) in a 31 x 41 m enclosure. Coyotes were paired individually with a sheep (Ovis aries) during 1 h daily trials. Nineteen (13 males and 6 females) of the coyotes made 75 fatal attacks of 1 to 7 sheep each; 4 coyotes (2 males and 2 females) made no fatal attacks despite 19 to 39 daily pairings. Of coyotes that made fatal attacks, 13 (9 …

Strychnine Alkaloid And Avian Reproduction: Effects Occur At Lower Dietary Concentrations With Mallard Ducks Than With Bobwhite Quail, C. A. Pedersen, R. T. Sterner, M. J. Goodall

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Separate subchronic reproductive toxicity studies were conducted using mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). Three groups (32/group; 16 male-female pairs) of 17-week-old ducks (F₀ generation) were fed Purina® Game Bird Breeder Layena® diets containing mean (±SD) 33.2 (±2.7), 68.9 (±1.8), and 140.9 (± 5.1) μg/g strychnine for 20 weeks, with some pairs in each group fed control diet during a subsequent 3-week recovery period. Three groups (32/group; 16 male-female pairs) of 19-week-old quail (F₀ generation) were fed similar diets containing mean (±SD) 279.2 (±10.1), 557.4 (±43.5), and 1,113.6 (±46.6) μg/g …

Integrated Pest Management Of Black Bear Reforestation Damage, Gary W. Witmer, Dale L. Nolte, William Stewart

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Black bear damage to commercial, coniferous trees on intensively managed public and private forest lands of the Pacific Northwest continues to be a problem for forest managers. Historically, methods such as relocation or spring hunts have been used in an effort to reduce bear density and damage. More recently, supplemental feeding has been used in an attempt to provide for the nutritional needs of bears during the damage period. Alternative silvicultural practices and repellents are being investigated for their ability to reduce the likelihood of bear damage. These and other methods need to be examined for their effectiveness, especially in …

Cormorant Research And Impacts To Southern Aquaculture, Scott Werner

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Several North American waterbird species were negatively affected by compromised environmental quality by the mid-twentieth century. Double-crested cormorant populations responded to increased environmental regulations in the United States in the early 1970s. The abundance of cormorants wintering in southern states (especially Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi) increased concurrently with a marked increase in catfish, crawfish, and bait fish production in these states since 1980, thus increasing regional concern regarding production losses to these industries. Cormorants wintering in Mississippi have increased nearly 225% since 1990. Food habit studies, bioenergetic predictions, and captive-bird foraging experiments indicate that individual cormorants consume approximately 0.5 …

Evaluation Of Hot Sauce® As A Repellent For Forest Mammals, Kimberly K. Wagner, Dale L. Nolte

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Foraging by forest mammals can be significantly detrimental to reforestation efforts. Repellents may offer a nonlethal solution for some situations. Hot Sauce® animal repellent uses capsaicin, a trigeminal irritant that should be aversive to most mammals. We conducted a series of tests evaluating the impact of Hot Sauce on foraging by 5 species of forest mammals. In our first study, we examined its potential to reduce browsing by black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Damage to Western redcedar seedlings (Thuja plicata) was initially reduced with application of a 6.2% Hot Sauce solution, but efficacy began to decline after …

Deer Population Management Through Hunting In A Suburban Nature Area In Eastern Nebraska, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Scott E. Hygnstrom

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The Fontenelle Forest Nature Area (FF) maintained a hands-off management policy for 30 years until it was recognized that white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations had grown to such levels that they were severely degrading native plant communities. In 1995, members of a community task force decided to sponsor annual nine-day hunting seasons on FF after learning that densities exceeded 28 deer/km². Archers harvested 85 antlerless deer in the FF upland areas adjacent to residential Bellevue, Nebraska during 1996 to 1998. Muzzleloader hunters removed 53 antlerless deer from the FF lowland areas. Archery and muzzleloader hunters harvested …

Evaluation Of A Radar-Activated, Demand-Performance Bird Hazing System, Gwen R. Stevens, Jamie Rogue, Richard Weber, Larry Clark

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We evaluated a radar-activated integrated hazing system for the protection of waterfowl at large contaminated ponds at a power plant. The hazing devices in the system included acoustic alarm calls, pyrotechnics and chemical repellents dispersed in the form of a bird tear-gas. Unlike, timed interval systems, or systems with random activation sequences, birds did not habituate to the demand-performance system tested. Over the course of a year, we documented that waterfowl were 12.5 times less likely to fly over the hazed contaminated ponds relative to a non-hazed control pond. Of the waterfowl that did fly over both ponds, the likelihood …

Urban-Suburban Prairie Dog Management: Opportunities And Challenges, Gary W. Witmer, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Karen Manci, Donna Dees

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The historic range of the black-tailed prairie dog has undergone dramatic declines in the last century, prompting concern about the species' long-term viability. While considered a pest by many, others believe that the species is a "keystone" element of prairie ecosystems. Urban-suburban land managers are challenged with preserving colonies of prairie dogs on public lands while dealing with many conflicting interests, social costs, and risks. We review the management plans that municipalities have designed to reduce conflicts by using public input, zoned management, and a variety of management techniques. Areas of difficulty and research needs are also discussed.

Restoring Ecological Integrity Of Great Rivers: Historical Hydrographs Aid In Defining Reference Conditions For The Missouri River, David L. Galat, Robin Lipkin

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Restoring the ecological integrity of regulated large rivers necessitates characterizing the natural flow regime. We applied ‘Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration’ to assess the natural range of variation of the Missouri River’s flow regime at 11 locations before (1929–1948) and after (1967–1996) mainstem impoundment. The 3768 km long Missouri River was divided into three sections: upper basin least-altered from flow regulation, including the lower Yellowstone River; middle basin inter-reservoir, and lower basin channelized. Flow regulation was associated with a reduction in magnitude and duration of the annual flood pulse, an increase in magnitude and duration of annual discharge minima, a reduction …

Geochemical Variations In Peoria Loess Of Western Iowa Indicate Paleowinds Of Midcontinental North America During Last Glaciation, Daniel R. Muhs, E. Arthur Bettis Iii

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Peoria Loess deposited in western Iowa during the last glacial maximum (LGM) shows distinct geochemical and particle-size variations as a function of both depth and distance east of the Missouri River. Geochemical and particle-size data indicate that Peoria Loess in western Iowa probably had two sources: the Missouri River valley, and a source that lay to the west of the Missouri River. Both sources indicate that LGM paleowinds in western Iowa had a strong westerly component, similar to interpretations of previous workers. A compilation of loess studies in Iowa and elsewhere indicates that westerlv winds were dominant during loess transport …

Effects Of Topography And Soil Properties On Recharge At Two Sites In An Agricultural Field, Geoffrey N. Delin, Richard W. Healy, Matthew K. Landon, John Karl Böhlke

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Field experiments were conducted from 1992 to 1995 to estimate ground water recharge rates at two sites located within a 2.7-hectare agricultural field. The field lies in a sand plain setting in central Minnesota and is cropped continuously in field corn. The sites are located at a topographically high (upland) site and a topographically low (lowland) site in an effort to quantify the effects of depression focusing of recharge. Three site-specific methods were used to estimate recharge rates: well hydrograph analysis, chlorofluorocarbon age dating, and an unsaturated zone water balance. All three recharge methods indicated that recharge rates at the …

Holocene Environmental And Climatic Change In The Northern Great Plains As Recorded In The Geochemistry Of Sediments In Pickerel Lake, South Dakota, Walter E. Dean, Antje Schwalb

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The sediments in Pickerel Lake, northeastern South Dakota, provide a continuous record of climatic and environmental change for the last 12000 yr. Sediments deposited between 12 and 6 ka (radiocarbon) show extreme variations in composition, oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of bulk carbonate, carbon isotopic composition of organic matter, and magnetic susceptibility. These variations reflect changes in sources of moisture, regional vegetation types, precipitation-evaporation balance, ground- and surface-water influx, water residence time, erosion, lake productivity, water level, and water temperature. The total carbonate content of late Pleistocene sediments steadily increased from <20% at the base of the core to as much as 80% in sediments deposited between 11 and 9 ka. By about 8 ka, the total carbonate content of the sediments had declined to about 40% where it remained with little variation for the past 8 kyr, suggesting relatively stable conditions. There are marked increases in values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O in bulk carbonate, …

Viability Of Piping Plover Charadrius Melodus Metapopulations, Jonathan H. Plissner, Susan M. Haig

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The meta-population viability analysis package, vortex, was used to examine viability and recovery objectives for piping plovers Charadrius melodus, an endangered shorebird that breeds in three distinct regions of North America. Baseline models indicate that while Atlantic Coast populations, under current management practices, are at little risk of near-term extinction, Great Plains and Great Lakes populations require 36% higher mean fecundity for a significant probability of persisting for the next 100 years. Meta-population structure (i.e. the delineation of populations within the meta-population) and inter-population dispersal rates had varying effects on model results; however, spatially-structured meta-populations exhibited lower viability than …

Geomorphometry – Diversity In Quantitative Surface Analysis, Richard J. Pike

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

A widening variety of applications is diversifying geomorphometry (digital terrain modelling), the quantitative study of topography. An amalgam of earth science, mathematics, engineering and computer science, the discipline has been revolutionized by the computer manipulation of gridded terrain heights, or digital elevation models (DEMs). Its rapid expansion continues. This article reviews the remarkable diversity of recent morphometric work in 15 selected topics and discusses their significance and prospects. The quantitative analysis of industrial microsurface topography is introduced to the earth science community. The 14 other topics are Internet access to geomorphometry; global DEMs; DEM modelling of channel networks; …

Single-Dilution Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay For Quantification Of Antigen-Specific Salmonid Antibody, Stewart W. Alcorn, Ronald J. Pascho

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed on the basis of testing a single dilution of serum to quantify the level of antibody to the p57 protein of Renibacterium salmoninarum in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). The levels of antibody were interpolated from a standard curve constructed by relating the optical densities (OD) produced by several dilutions of a high-titer rainbow trout (O. mykiss) antiserum to the p57 protein. The ELISA OD values produced by as many as 36 test sera on each microplate were compared with the standard curve to calculate the antigen-specific antibody activity. Repeated …

Natural And Anthropogenic Influences On The Distribution Of The Threatened Neosho Madtom In A Midwestern Warmwater Stream, Mark L. Wildhaber, Vernon M. Tabor, Daniel W. Mulhern, Kenneth L. Powell, Scott P. Sowa

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We attempted to discern the contributions of physical habitat, water chemistry, nutrients, and contaminants from historic lead-zinc mining activities on the riffle-dwelling benthic fish community of the Spring River, a mid western warm water stream that originates in Missouri and flows into Kansas and Oklahoma. The Spring River has a fish community that includes the Neosho madtom Noturus placidus, a species federally listed as threatened. Although anthropogenic factors such as contaminants limited populations and densities of fishes, an integrated assessment of natural and anthropogenic factors was necessary to effectively estimate the influence of the latter. Fish populations in the …

Dynamic Encapsulation Of C++ Objects, Frank Barrus

Theses

Classes in C++ provide static encapsulation of objects, by generating code which contains specific knowledge about the internals of encapsulated objects. Static encapsulation occurs at compile time, and therefore cannot directly support the evolution of objects, since recompilation of source code is required if the internal layout changes. This also prohibits the use of distributed or persistent objects without first ensuring that the internal representations of the objects match the ones in the compiled code. Dynamic encapsulation occurs at run-time, and allows the compiled code to exist without the knowledge of any particular object representation. Abstract base classes with C++ …