Digital Commons Network^™

Medical Ethics And Human Rights : Legacies Of Nuremberg, George J. Annas, Michael A. Grodin

Hofstra Law & Policy Symposium

No abstract provided.

1999 University Employee Service Recognition Program, Western Michigan University

25 Year Club

25 Year Club

• New Inductees
• Members
• Retirees
• Thirty-Five Years of Service
• Thirty Years of Service
• Twenty Years of Service
• Fifteen Years of Service
• Ten Years of Service

Skeletal Architecture And Density Banding Analysis Technique For Diploria Strigosa By X-Ray Computed Tomography, Kevin P. Helmle, Richard E. Dodge (Editor)

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

Coral skeletal density information is a useful growth parameter and may be coupled with extension rates to determine calcification rates. The conventional process for density determination is often cumbersome and requires some parameters which are difficult to precisely specify (e.g., Mass absorption coefficients). We have developed a technique and windows based computer program which enables the rapid collection of coral density data. The coral skeleton slab is xradiographed with an aluminum wedge. Thickness and density of the aluminum wedge, thickness of the coral slab, density of pure coral aragonite, and digitized images of the coral and wedge x-radiographs provide necessary …

The Expert Testimony Before The Inter-American Court Of Human Rights, Ma. Auxiliadora Solano Monge

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

The purpose of this essay is to provide a review of the doctrine and jurisprudence of the expert testimony as a probatory medium' used by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (ICHR, Court, Tribunal) in the issues presented before it

Coalition For Conflict Resolution In Education Graduate Certificate Program Catalog 1999-2000, Nova Southeastern University

College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Caddoan Ceremonial Sites Of The Caddoan Cultural Area Of Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, And Texas: Draft Caddo National Landmark Nomination, Mark R. Barnes, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Since 1997, we have been working on the development of a National Historic Landmark (NHL) cover nomination for Caddoan ceremonial sites - earthen mounds in the Caddoan cultural area of southwestern Arkansas, northwestern Louisiana, eastern Oklahoma, and northeastern Texas. Such a nomination establishes the historic context within which all similar cultural properties can be evaluated for significance according to the NHL criteria, as it establishes the research and other criteria by which a cultural property may be identified as a significant archeological resource.

Interaction Of Soil Moisture And Seedling Shelters On Water Relations Of Baldcypress Seedlings, Ty Swirin, Hans Williams, Bob Keeland

Faculty Publications

Stomata1 conductance, transpiration, and leaf water potential were measured during the 1996 growing season on baldcypress (Taxodium disfichum (L.) Rich.) seedlings. Seedlings were hand-planted from 1-O bareroot stock in mesic and permanently Rooded soil conditions. One-half of all seedlings were fitted with 122-cm tall polyethylene tree shelters, Seedlings were planted 1 year before the initiation of plant water relation measurements. The study was located within the boundary of the Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant, Kamack, TX. The objective of the research was to study the feasibility of artificially regenerating baldcypress along the shores of Caddo Lake. Stomata1 conductance and transpiration …

Exhumation And Analysis Of Two Historic Burials From The Camposanto At Santa Rosa Hospital, San Antonio, Texas, Anthony S. Lyle

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Recent construction at Santa Rosa Hospital in downtown San Antonio resulted in the unexpected discovery of two sets of human skeletal remains. Archaeologists from the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) at The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) were contracted to exhume and analyze these remains and determine if they represented historic period burials. Excavation and identification of a “toe-pincher” style coffin and its associated hardware, the recovery of personal items associated with the first set of skeletal remains, and archival research aided in the determination that this set of remains was buried in the mid-1800s. The second set …

Archaeological Survey And Testing In San Pedro Park (41bx19), San Antonio, Texas, Brett A. Houk

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In April 1998, staff from the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio completed a pedestrian survey and a series of 44 shovel tests and two backhoe trenches in San Pedro Park, in San Antonio, Texas. The project was required to evaluate the potential for significant historic (including a Spanish Colonial dam and acequia) and prehistoric cultural deposits in areas to be impacted by a plan to renovate the park, including the rebuilding of a swimming pool.

The shovel tests showed that the majority of the area to be impacted by renovation was already …

Tracks To Therapy, Robert Katz, F. A. Cucinotta

Robert Katz Publications

Studies of the structure of particle tracks have led to models of track effects based on radial dose and radiobiological target theory that have been very successful in describing and predicting track effects in physical, chemical, and biological systems. For describing mammalian cellular inactivation two inactivation modes are required, called gamma-kill aid ion-kill, the first due to synergistic effects of delta rays from adjacent ion paths thus resembling the effects from gamma rays, and the second to the effects of single ion transits through a cell nucleus. The ion-kill effect is more severe, where the fraction of cells experiencing ion …

Systematic Revision Of The Olenelloidea (Trilobita, Cambrian), Bruce S. Lieberman

Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History

Phylogenetic analyses for all the available species comprising eight clades of trilobites within the monophyletic superfamily Olenelloidea (Trilobita, Cambrian) are presented….

Imperfections Of The North Atlantic Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation: Continental Geometry And Windstress Shape, Henk A. Dijkstra, M. Jeroen Molemaker

Journal of Marine Research

Multiple equilibria of the wind-driven gyres have been found in idealized quasi-geostrophic and shallow water models. In this paper we demonstrate that multiple equilibria persist within a reduced gravity shallow water model under quite realistic continental geometry and windstress forcing for the North Atlantic. Multiple mean flow patterns of the Gulf Stream exist and differ with respect to their separation behavior along the North American coast. The origin of these equilibria is investigated by determining the structure of steady solutions within a hierarchy of equivalent barotropic ocean models using continuation techniques. Within each model, the magnitude of lateral friction is …

Evaluating Eddy Mixing Coefficients From Eddy-Resolving Ocean Models: A Case Study, A. M. Treguier

Journal of Marine Research

A numerical model of a baroclinically unstable jet in a zonally periodic channel is used to analyze mesoscale eddy fluxes and their relationship with the gradients of the mean flow. The quasi-geostrophic approximation proves the best way to calculate potential vorticity fluxes in the primitive equation model. Away from the surface layers, eddy fluxes of potential density are consistent with advection by eddy-induced velocities v* and w* as suggested by Gent et al. (1995). Eddies mix potential vorticity along isopycnals, so that v* is related to the gradients of potential vorticity rather than potential density as …

Biogeochemistry Of Dimethylsulfide In The South China Sea, Gui-Peng Yang, Xin-Tong Liu, Li Li, Zheng-Bin Zhang

Journal of Marine Research

The distribution of dimethylsulfide (DMS) was studied in surface seawater and vertical profiles at nineteen stations in the Nansha Islands sea area of the South China Sea. The concentrations of DMS in surface-layer (0-1 m) seawater vary from 64 to 140 ng S/L with high values found in the productive regions, in agreement with the horizontal distribution of chlorophyll a. The vertical profiles of DMS show a single peak shape with maximum concentrations occurring at depths between 30-75 m. The DMS concentrations are correlated with chlorophyll a levels both in the upper 20 m of seawater as well as …

Mode Waters And Subduction Rates In A High-Resolution South Atlantic Simulation, Anne P. De Miranda, Bernard Barnier, William K. Dewar

Journal of Marine Research

Water mass production and destruction in the subtropical South Atlantic gyre is studied. A high resolution numerical model is used to examine regional mode water formation and estimate the associated instantaneous and mean subduction rates. Primitive equation dynamics expressed in depth following (sigma) coordinates are employed. The main hydrographic and kinematic features of the South Atlantic are faithfully reproduced by the model. In particular, the principle current systems appear and the model exhibits a sequence of ventilated potential vorticity minima on density surfaces coinciding with those of observed South Atlantic mode waters. The formation sequence within the model of these …

The Importance Of Open-Boundary Estimation For An Indian Ocean Gcm-Data Synthesis, Kate Q. Zhang, Jochem Marotzke

Journal of Marine Research

The Indian Ocean general circulation is estimated by fitting the MIT Ocean General Circulation Model to the annual mean climatological hydrography and surface forcing, using the model and its computer-generated adjoint. Open boundary conditions are implemented to the west of the Indonesian Archipelago and near 30S. The approach simultaneously optimizes the initial conditions of the hydrographic fields, surface fluxes, and the open boundary conditions (temperature, salinity, and horizontal velocities). Compared to previous results obtained in a closed domain, the estimated velocity field shows a marked improvement near the southern boundary, with a reasonably strong Agulhas Current leaving the model domain. …

Bioturbation And Particle Transport In Carolina Slope Sediments: A Radiochemical Approach, W. L. Fornes, D. J. Demaster, L. A. Levin, N. E. Blair

Journal of Marine Research

In situ tracer experiments investigated short-term sediment mixing processes at two Carolina continental margin sites (water depth = 850 m) characterized by different organic C fluxes, 234Th mixing coefficients (D_b) and benthic assemblages. Phytoplankton, slope sediment, and sand-sized glass beads tagged with ²¹⁰Pb, ¹¹³Sn, and ²²⁸Th, respectively, were placed via submersible at the sediment-water interface at both field sites (Site I off Cape Fear, and Site III off Cape Hatteras). Experimental plots were sampled at 0, 1.5 days, and 90 days after tracer emplacement to examine short-term, vertical transport. Both sites are initially …

Diagenesis Of Planktonic Fatty Acids And Sterols In Long Island Sound Sediments: Influences Of A Phytoplankton Bloom And Bottom Water Oxygen Content, Ming-Yi Sun, Stuart G. Wakeham

Journal of Marine Research

Diagenesis of organic matter in coastal sediments from Long Island Sound (LIS) was investigated by measuring fatty acids and sterols in (1) a time-series of surface sediment samples over a spring phytoplankton bloom; and (2) sediment cores collected during and after a bloom at two sites with distinctively different bottom-water oxygen contents. Time-dependent distributions of sedimentary fatty acids and sterols in LIS were strongly affected by pulsed inputs from the overlying water column, variations in benthic community, and redox-related degradation processes. The phytoplankton bloom delivered an intense pulse of unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., 16:1(ω7) and 20:5) to the surface sediments. …

Sensitivity Of Primary Production To Different Eddy Parameterizations: A Case Study Of The Spring Bloom Development In The Northwestern Mediterranean Sea, Marina Lévy, Martin Visbeck, Naomi Naik

Journal of Marine Research

The abilities of the Gent and McWilliams (1990) (GM) and Horizontal Diffusion (HD) eddyparameterizations to represent the mesoscale effects relevant for primary production are compared and analyzed. Following Lévy et al. (1999a), this is done in the case study of the spring bloom that follows the formation of a dense water patch in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. It is shown that, unlike HD, the use of the GM parameterization can capture many aspects of the primary production enhancement associated with the restratifying action of mesoscale eddies. However, predicted primary production, when using the GM parameterization, is sensitive to the GM's …

The Lattice Boltzmann Method As A Basis For Ocean Circulation Modeling, Rick Salmon

Journal of Marine Research

We construct a lattice Boltzmann model of a single-layer, "reduced gravity" ocean in a square basin, with shallow water or planetary geostrophic dynamics, and boundary conditions of no slip or no stress. When the volume of the moving upper layer is sufficiently small, the motionless lower layer outcrops over a broad area of the northern wind gyre, and the pattern of separated and isolated western boundary currents agrees with the theory of Veronis (1973). Because planetary geostrophic dynamics omit inertia, lattice Boltzmann solutions of the planetary geostrophic equations do not require a lattice with the high degree of symmetry needed …

Sensitivity Of Ecosystem Parameters To Simulated Satellite Ocean Color Data Using A Coupled Physical-Biological Model Of The North Atlantic, Jim Gunson, Andreas Oschlies, Véronique Garçon

Journal of Marine Research

A means of assimilating simulated satellite ocean color data with a coupled physical-biological model of the North Atlantic Ocean is implemented, allowing the relative sensitivities of different biological parameters to those data to be investigated. The model consists of an eddy-permitting general circulation model derived from the WOCE Community Modeling Effort and a nitrogen-based, four-compartment NPZD marine ecosystem model. Many of the parameters in marine ecosystem models are poorly known and via assimilation, we hope to better constrain their values. The control parameters chosen for the variational assimilation are the model parameters involved in parameterizations of recycling as these are …

Radiative Damping Of Near-Inertial Oscillations In The Mixed Layer, N. J. Blamforth, W. R. Young

Journal of Marine Research

An idealized model of the transmission of near-inertial waves from the mixed layer into the deeper ocean is studied in order to assess the combined effects of background geostrophic vorticity and the planetary vorticity gradient. The model geostrophic flow is steady and barotropic with a streamfunction ψ =-Ψ cos (2αy); the planetary vorticity gradient is modeled using the β-effect. After projection onto vertical modes, each modal amplitude satisfies a Schrödinger-like wave equation (in y and t) in which βy + (ψ_yy/2) plays the role of a potential. With realistic parameter values, this potential function …

Wind-Driven Mixed Layer And Coastal Upwelling Processes Off The South Coast Of South Africa, Eckart H. Schumann

Journal of Marine Research

Most coastal mixed layer and upwelling investigations have concentrated on the more important fisheries regions situated on the west coasts of the continents, while this paper analyzes conditions on the zonally-orientated south coast of South Africa. Most of the data originate from a short measurement program in the southern summer of 1995, involving both CTD measurements from a small boat and data from a temperature array and coastal sea surface temperature (SST). Limited mixed layer statistics are derived and yield results similar to those of Lentz (1992), although a lack of current measurements precludes any assessment of the Ekman drift. …

Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Turbulent Mixing In An Estuary, Hartmut Peters

Journal of Marine Research

Observations with a microstructure/CTD profiler and an ADCP during five cruises in 1994/95 provide a glance at the turbulent mixing climate of a partially mixed estuary, the Hudson River. The cruises took place under widely varying conditions of river discharge and external forcing by water level fluctuations in New York Bight. Tidal and fortnightly variability patterns of stratification, shear and mixing characteristics were qualitatively repeatable, largely following the description of Peters (1997). (i) Longer-term variations of buoyancy frequency and Richardson number (Ri) during flood were weakly correlated with the river discharge. (ii) All flood tides had substantial mixing. …

Interannual Variability In The Mesoscale Distribution Of The Depth Of The Upper Boundary Of The Oxygen Minimum Layer Off Northern Chile (18–24s): Implications For The Pelagic System And Biogeochemical Cycling, Carmen E. Morales, Samuel E. Hormazábal, José Luis Blanco

Journal of Marine Research

The low oxygen concentration (<2 ml L^-1) at relatively shallow depths (<100 m) in the coastal upwelling zone and in the adjacent oceanic area is a distinct feature of the eastern boundary Humboldt Current System (HCS) off Peru and northern Chile; it affects the distribution of pelagic organisms and is associated with an important denitrification regime in the water column. Nevertheless, little information is available about the spatial and temporal variability in the distribution of the Oxygen Minimum Layer (OML) present in the HCS and the impact of its variability upon the pelagic system and biogeochemical cycles in the region. The present study reviews the oceanographic data obtained for the area off northern Chile (ca. 18 to 24S, out to 370 km), between 1980 and 1997, with the aim of characterizing the depth distribution of the upper boundary of the OML (1 ml L^-1 iso-oxyline, representing also the oxycline) and investigating the association of its interannual variability with changes in coastal sea level and in the equatorial and local thermoclines. The depth of the upper boundary of the OML undergoes pronounced deepening during the occurrence of warm ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) events over the whole area of study, and this, in turn, determines a condition of higher oxygen concentrations in the top 100 m layer. These changes follow closely the patterns of interannual variability in coastal sea level and depth …

A Seasonal Succession Of Physical/Biological Interaction Mechanisms In The Sargasso Sea, J. D. Wiggert, T. C. Granata, T. D. Dickey, J. Marra

Journal of Marine Research

Six months of concurrent, co-located physical and bio-optical time series from a moored array deployed in the Sargasso Sea during 1987 have been analyzed by combining standard Fourier analysis techniques with a unique presentation method. The spectral information obtained from the time series analysis covers four orders of magnitude in frequency space. This is especially useful for revealing temporal variations in high frequency variance and the physical/biological interactions that occur at these frequencies. The presentation method used here consists of time/frequency distributions of normalized variance and squared coherence that resulted from the time series analysis. These reveal a seasonal succession …

Women’S Role In The Agricultural Household: Bargaining And Human Capital, T. Paul Schultz

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Home Pasteurization Of Raw Milk, Joan Hegerfeld, E. Kim Cassel, Carol Pitts

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

This document provides information on home pasteurization of raw milk, preferred methods of pasteurization, and health safety while these processes are performed.

2000 Jackrabbit Basketball, South Dakota State University

Jackrabbit Basketball Media Guides (1998-2014)

This is the 1999-2000 South Dakota State University Jackrabbit Basketball Media Guide.

1999-2000 Jackrabbit Women's Basketball Media Guide, South Dakota State University

Jackrabbit Women's Basketball Media Guides (1998-2014)

This is the South Dakota State University Jackrabbit Women's Basketball Media Guide for the 1999-2000 Season.