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Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis-Based Investigations Of Uvr- And Visible Light-Induced Single Strand Breakage In Cultured Human Cells, Jeremy Fraser Kendall

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Single strand breaks induced by very low fluence UVR (20 µW cmˉ² , 310 nm) and visible light (70 µW cmˉ² , 405 nm) and higher fluence unfiltered xenon arc lamp radiation (3 mW cmˉ² ) were measured by single cell gel electrophoresis. The normal responses of 6 cell lines to the low fluence radiation show a peak in single strand breaks after approximately 2 minutes, after which time the single strand breakage returns to background levels despite continued irradiation. This was not observed with the higher fluence irradiation. The repair of these single strand breaks was observed to be …

Immunogenetics Of Type 1 Diabetes In Man, Andrea Dawn Hodgkinson

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes is associated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on human chromosome 6. To analyse the contribution of the class I region of the MHC to disease susceptibility, polymorphism of the class Ib molecule HLA-E and several genetic markers within the region was investigated in 378 British Caucasoid patients with type 1 diabetes as defined by the National Diabetes Group, 100 multiplex families from the BDA Warren Repository and 216 unselected normal British Caucasoid controls. PCR-Sequence-Specific Oligonucleotide Probing (PCR-SSOP) was used to analyse polymorphism of the HLA-E gene, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis was used …

Balancing The Need For Repatriation Of Illegally Removed Cultural Property With The Interests Of Bona Fide Purchasers: Applying The Unidroit Convention To The Case Of The Gold Phiale, Ian M. Goldrich

Fordham International Law Journal

This Comment explores the various legal methods designed to protect cultural property and to prevent its illegal removal. Part I examines both international and U.S. efforts to prevent illegal removals of cultural property. This Part briefly outlines the history of cultural property protection, focusing upon the first international agreements to contain cultural property protections and their failure during World Wars I and II. Part I also explores post-World War II international efforts to protect cultural property during both peacetime and war. Finally, Part I analyzes U.S. efforts to prevent the importation of illegally removed cultural property through the application of …

U.S.-Russian Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty: Is There A Way To Control Russian Organized Crime?, Eugene Solomonov

Fordham International Law Journal

This Comment analyzes U.S. and Russian bilateral cooperation in fighting organized crime and the difficulties associated with this fight. Part I of this Comment presents the historical development of Russian organized crime, its domestic effects, and its internationalization, particularly in the United States. Part I also highlights the Russian government's legislative attempts to combat organized crime. Finally, Part I examines examples of international bilateral cooperation, such as that between Israel and the United States, which can be emulated by the Russian and U.S. authorities. Part II analyzes the existing Mutual Legal Assistance Agreement (“MLAA”) between the United States and the …

Never Again?, Sven Alkalaj

Fordham International Law Journal

This article argues that the international community must learn from the genocide in Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to prevent history from repeating itself. It highlights that firm action must be taken to punish the perpetrators of genocide as soon as it is discovered and urges the establishment of a permanent international criminal court. Next it exposes the weaknesses of the ICTY in its inability to apprehend those that were indicted. Finally, it recommends measures that individual nations should implement at a domestic level.

The Icc's New Legal Landscape: The Need To Expand U.S. Domestic Jurisdiction To Prosecute Genocide, War Crimes And Crimes Against Humanity, Douglass Cassel

Fordham International Law Journal

The United States was one of only seven nations to vote against the treaty. The ensuing debate within the United States has properly focused on whether the United States can and should ratify the treaty or, if not, whether as a non-party the United States should support or oppose the new court. Largely overlooked, however, are two separate but related questions: (1) should the existing, incomplete jurisdiction of U.S. courts over crimes within the ICC Statute be expanded to ensure that such crimes may also be prosecuted in U.S. courts, under universal jurisdiction or other bases allowed by international law?; …

The Republic Of Turkey In Europe: Reconsidering The Luxembourg Exclusion, Patrick R. Hugg

Fordham International Law Journal

The EU's rebuff of Turkey's application for accession represents more than a missed opportunity to strengthen and deepen the relationship between these two related spheres. Indeed, the lack of finesse--the unnecessarily impolitic form of the rejection--propels Turkey in the opposite direction. The old assumption that relations with Europe were of primary importance is “subject to increasingly critical examination.” Acknowledging that Turkey may not be ready for accession in the next wave, the EU should have pursued some less antagonizing route. The premature decision to begin negotiations with Cyprus only intensifies the conflict.

Terminal Dues Under The Upu Convention And The Gats: An Overview Of The Rules And Of Their Compatibility, Alessandra Perrazzelli, Paolo R. Vergano

Fordham International Law Journal

Technical issues pertaining to re-mailing and terminal dues are not within the scope of this analysis. Similarly, no reference will be made to otherwise crucial aspects of the EC's competition law arising from REIMS II and the matters that are currently being litigated in the European Court of Justice. Our attention will focus on a potential conflict that has only recently been considered. This issue of legal compatibility relates to the necessity that terminal dues be measured against the fundamental “Most-Favored-Nation” (“MFN”) principle of the World Trade Organization (“WTO”) as provided by the General Agreement on Trade in Services (“GATS”).

Modernization Of Ec Competition Law: Reform Of Regulation No. 17, Alexander Schaub

Fordham International Law Journal

Ladies and Gentlemen, at last year's conference I presented to you a wide variety of ongoing and proposed reforms with which the European Union intends to meet actual and future challenges for its competition policy. Today, one year later, we have made considerable progress in many respects. Most importantly, with our White Paper of 28 April 1999, we have launched the process for a fundamental reform of the rules implementing Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty establishing the European Community (‘EC Treaty‘), which are currently laid down in Council Regulation No. 17. Anticipating your expectations and my fellow panelists' …

Trips To Thailand: The Act For The Establishment Of And Procedure For Intellectual Property And International Trade Court, Andrea Morgan

Fordham International Law Journal

This Comment examines the extent to which the Intellectual Property and International Trade Court (IPIT) satisfies the intellectual property enforcement provisions of Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs). Part I presents the legal environment of intellectual property in Thailand before TRIPs, the background of TRIPs, and the enforcement requirements of TRIPs. Part II discusses the legislation creating the IPIT Court, and assesses the enforcement procedures as prescribed by the legislation that created the IPIT Court and as employed by the IPIT Court. Part III argues that the IPIT Court is a positive development because it reduces conflict …

Protecting The Rights Of Pediatric Research Subjects In The International Conference On Harmonisation Of Technical Requirements For Registration Of Pharmaceuticals For Human Use, Ann E. Ryan

Fordham International Law Journal

This Comment argues that the parties to the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Regulation of Pharmaceutical Drugs (ITCH) should adopt more specific guidelines for pediatric research than those included in its Good Clinical Practice Guidelines (ICH GCP), and analyzes their attempt to do so in the Draft Guideline on Pediatric Trials. Part I of this Comment outlines the genesis of the current international guidelines for human research and how they relate to pediatric subjects. Part I also explains the human research guidelines of the three principal members of the ICH. Part II describes the function of the …

State, Sovereignty, And Taiwan, Y. Frank Chiang

Fordham International Law Journal

Two separate statements made by the high officials of the two Chinese governments in 1999 call into question the sovereignty of Taiwan. These two statements relate to the sovereignty of Taiwan. The first raises the question whether Taiwan is a sovereign state. The second statement raises the question whether China has sovereignty over Taiwan. This Article concludes that although Taiwan is a civil society, it is not a state, and offers a solution in the form of a referendum by the people in Taiwan with an international guarantee of its result. The article suggests that the U.S. and other governments …

A Critical Review Of The White Paper On The Reform Of The Ec Competition Law Enforcement Rules, Mario Siragusa

Fordham International Law Journal

This Essay discusses concerns raised by the core proposal in the Commission of European Communities' (“Commission”) recently published White Paper on Modernisation of the Rules Implementing Articles 85 and 86 of the Treaty establishing the European Community (“White Paper”), namely the ending of the authorization and notification system.

Humanitarian And Legal Aspects Of The Crisis In Chechnya, Yuri V. Ushakov

Fordham International Law Journal

Russia's position and intentions regarding the settlement of the situation in the Chechen Republic (or “Republic”) are transparent and based on principle. We have nothing to hide. First, I will cover some points regarding the genesis of the tragic chain of events in and around Chechnya. The essay then discusses the merits of the antiterrorist operation in response to the 1999 mutiny of Chechen terrorists.

Some Reflections On The One-China Principle, Su Wei

Fordham International Law Journal

There is but one China in the world. Taiwan is a part of China and the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government representing the whole of China. This is the basic content of the one-China principle. As one of the world's few time-honored countries, China has fine traditions and a brilliant civilization that can be traced back to ancient times. Such a civilization and traditions have nourished a Chinese culture of national unity as well as a set of values cherishing and defending unity. Deeply rooted in these Chinese cultural and philosophical backgrounds, the …

Canada's Approach To Jurisdiction Over Cybertorts: Braintech V. Kostiuk, Daniel P. Schafer

Fordham International Law Journal

This comment explores a judgment in Texas against a Canadian defendant and corresponding suit in Canada seeking to enforce the judgment. The ultimate determination was significant, representing the first time that a Canadian appellate court addressed the impact of the Internet on a Court's adjudicatory decision. The comment explores the difficulty that the internet poses to the doctrine of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments.

U.S. Mutual Assistance To Colombia: Vague Promises And Diminishing Returns, Luz Estella Nagle

Fordham International Law Journal

This Article addresses mutual assistance between the United States and Colombia and the issues surrounding the drug war. Part I examines past and present cooperative agreements, the goals of the agreements in the context of national and regional security, and the reasons the agreements have or have not succeeded. Part II discusses current U.S. aid policy toward Colombia and the problems the United States will face if assistance proceeds as planned. Part III presents a critical view of Colombia as a nation unable to deal successfully with its many political, social, and moral crises, and incapable of living up to …

Defense Requests For International Judical Assistance: The U.K. Perspective, Christopher Murray

Fordham International Law Journal

The purpose of this Essay is to examine the machinery for providing evidence to defendants in foreign proceedings and the extent to which there is equality of arms and opportunity between the prosecutor and defendant when obtaining evidence from abroad in U.K. proceedings. This Essay will also identify the new problems that are starting to emerge when such equality is threatened. To do so, it explores the mechanism by which mutual assistance is governed in the United Kingdom - the Criminal Justice (International Co-operation) Act of 1990.

Extradition, Evidence Gathering, And Their Relatives In The Twenty-First Century: A U.S. Defense Counsel Perspective, Bruce Zagaris

Fordham International Law Journal

The United States is serving as a laboratory to resolve the tension between globalization, rising transnational criminality, and the demand for enhanced human rights. This Essay reviews selected areas of evidence gathering and extradition in transnational crime and closely related areas. The perspective will focus particularly on the rights of defendants.

Inadequacies Of The Oil Pollution Act Of 1990: Why The United States Should Adopt The Convention On Civil Liability, Jaclyn A. Zimmermann

Fordham International Law Journal

This Note addresses the United States' enactment of the Oil Pollution Act as an alternative to the Convention of Civil Liability. Part I describes the history of maritime transport and the development of oil spill liability regulations. Part I also discusses major oil spills and different approaches to assessing liability for clean-up. Part II shifts the focus to OPA and the CLC commentators' reactions to these legislative schemes. Part II explores critics' positions on the effectiveness of OPA and the CLC in handling spill liability. Part III concludes that oil spills are an international problem. Part III advocates that the …

Attacking The Tools Of Corruption: The Foreign Money Laundering Deterrence And Anticorruption Act Of 1999, Juli Fendo

Fordham International Law Journal

This Comment discusses the effect that international organized crime and foreign government corruption has upon money laundering and the resultant need for the FMLDA. Part I discusses the basic elements of money laundering and the criminal actors who launder internationally, and anlyzes existing U.S. legislation designed to combat laundering and problems in the current legislation. Part II explains the legislative history, purpose, and proposed provisions of the FMLDA. Part III advocates adoption of this Act, and argues that the United States should no longer be complicit in the corruption and degradation of foreign governments via U.S. financial institutions.

The Effects Of Deregulation On Competition: The Experience Of The United States, Richard A. Posner

Fordham International Law Journal

Most economists agree that the net effect of the deregulation movement in the United States has been to increase efficiency, with resulting increases in consumer welfare. Because deregulation contemplates the substitution of competition for regulation as the “regulator” of the deregulated markets, deregulation increases the importance of antitrust law as a means of preventing unregulated firms from eliminating competition among themselves by mergers or price-fixing agreements. This is a particularly important point to remind Europeans, in view of the fact that historically antitrust has played a smaller role in European than U.S. law. It is important that ‘competition‘ be understood …

The Concept Of Disclosure Within European Financial Institutions, Peter Nobel

Fordham International Law Journal

I have been asked to make a few remarks regarding Arthur Laby's presentation, but, as everyone knows, it is very hard to discuss anything with the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”). As far as I can see, the conceptual interplay of ‘disclosure versus substantive rules,‘ or rather — in its historical order — ‘substantive rules versus disclosure,‘ has not yet been widely discussed in Europe. Let me first set out what I mean by the two approaches as there are probably differences of definition between the United States and Europe, and, indeed, my understanding differs a bit from the one presented …

Price Control And Other Regulatory Issues, Helmut Schadow

Fordham International Law Journal

Germany’s complete overhaul of the telecommunications legislation seeks to ensure easy access to the German market and a level playing field for all, based on regulation that is independent and quick to intervene against any abuse of market power, in other words to ensure a sound and predictable investment climate. Our regulation aims to promote competition in the telecommunications sector and to encourage technological and organizational progress at the same time. This policy stands to benefit all: customers, Deutsche Telekom AG, new entrants, the workforce, Germany as a place to do business, and the prospects of the German economy generally. …

More Competition Through Deregulation: The German Tv Market, Ulrich Koch

Fordham International Law Journal

This article introduces the market structure of German television (“TV”). The approach two-fold. First, this article discusses who Bertelsmann is, how we are engaged in the TV business, and how we consider ourselves. Second, this article shows how Bertelsmann is engaged in the TV business throughout Europe. Last afterwards, this article presents some statements with respect to the market structure in the German TV market, which is a strange market from the competition point of view.

The Federal Cartel Office Perspective, Markus Wagemann

Fordham International Law Journal

This article focuses on the German television (“TV”) market from an antitrust perspective, limited to some competition aspects of the technical and program side of the German TV market. On the technical side, we are in a situation of an emerging market for digital TV where a TV household needs a decoder in order to transfer digital TV signals into analog TV signals, because most households still have analog TV sets and also to descramble encrypted pay-TV signals for subscribers. The other issue, the program side, is more what competition authorities are dealing with, in particular the Bundeskartellamt in its …

Antitrust Law And Pay-Tv: The Italian Case, Claudio Cocuzza

Fordham International Law Journal

Television (or “TV”) broadcasting today is in the wake of a critical technological revolution. The development of new technologies is becoming increasingly rapid and the legal scenario is changing daily and sometimes disorganically. Regulation in this field is strictly connected with technology and its evolution. For this reason, it is worthwhile to go through a brief outline of the last and most significant television broadcasting techniques. Distribution of TV “signals” has occurred in Europe and especially in Italy — until the beginning of the present decade — almost exclusively through terrestrial networks, i.e. via etere. This situation means that in …

Interjurisdictional Competition Within The European Union, Wolfgang Kerber

Fordham International Law Journal

Part I of this Essay shows that two central principles of the EC, namely mobility between Member States and decentralization of economic policies (subsidiarity), imply that Member States and other lower-level jurisdictions necessarily are in competition with one another (locational competition). Part II presents an outline of a theory of interjurisdictional competition that suggests, first, that only a competitive system of jurisdictions can be compatible with both decentralization and mobility and, second, that interjurisdictional competition may be a superior way of supplying public goods and services. Part III argues that the institutional structure of the EC has failed to take …

Research Methods In Cognition And Emotion, W G. Parrott, Paula T. Hertel

Psychology Faculty Research

In this chapter we critically survey research methods used in the field of cognition and emotion. Research on cognition and emotion addresses a great variety of topics, which include the ways in which emotional states influence cognitive processes, the role of cognition in producing emotion, and folk categories and knowledge of emotion. So great is this variety that a brief chapter cannot address all the research methods that have contributed to the expansion of knowledge that has occurred in recent years; there are too many methods, and many are relevant only to particular specialized topics. Specialized research methods are discussed …

Integration Of Faith And Learning In Christian Higher Education : Professional Development Of Teachers And Classroom Implementation, Constance Chibuzo Nwosu

Dissertations

Problem. Few studies have focused on effective professional development programs that enhance faith-learning implementation in the Christian higher education classroom, and little has been documented about what integration of faith and learning actually looks or sounds like in Christian higher education classrooms.

Purpose. This study had four purposes:

1. To describe the training processes used for preparing teachers in Christian higher education for implementing EFL in the classroom.
2. To compare these methodologies with Jesus’ training methodologies and research-based professional development programs.
3. To understand how teachers in Christian higher education classrooms defined IFL.
4. To identify and document some exemplary practices of faith …