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1999

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The Importance Of \Omega-3 Series Fatty Acids In Marine Fish Larvae Nutrition And Recent Developments, Abdurrahman Polat, Gülsün Özyurt Jan 1999

The Importance Of \Omega-3 Series Fatty Acids In Marine Fish Larvae Nutrition And Recent Developments, Abdurrahman Polat, Gülsün Özyurt

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In general, marine fish larvae require \omega-3 HUFA, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Larval growth, survival and larval activity are affected by dietary levels of essantial fatty acids. Some pathological signs, such as abnormal pigmentation, hydrops etc. and low feed conversion efficiency, poor growth, mass mortality are related to \omega-3 HUFA series fatty acids deficiency in larvae food. EPA/DHA ratio in live foods or microencapsuled diets is an important factor in larval development and survival.

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Comparison Of Several Models To Fit The Growth Curves Of Kıvırcık And Dağlıç Male Lambs, Yavuz Akbaş, Turgay Taşkin, Erdi̇nç Demi̇rören Jan 1999

Comparison Of Several Models To Fit The Growth Curves Of Kıvırcık And Dağlıç Male Lambs, Yavuz Akbaş, Turgay Taşkin, Erdi̇nç Demi̇rören

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This research was carried out to estimate the growth curves of Kıvırcık and Dağlıç male lambs using monthly body weight data from birth to 420 days of age. Fifteen models were compared in terms of growth curve parameters and for the best fit to the data of Kıvırcık and Dağlıç male lambs. Among the linear models simple linear model gave the best fit for Dağlıç and quadratic model for Kıvırcık. However heterogenity was found in terms of regressions equations within each breed and between genotypes. These results say that common regression equation can not be used for all individual in …

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Gsh-Px, G6pd And Arginase Activities And Some Biochemical Parameters In Cattle Infected With Theileria Annuluta, Sema Temi̇zer Ozan, Edi̇p Özer, Sema Yaralioğlu Gürgöze, Seval Yilmaz, Cem Ecmel Şaki̇, Murat Sevgi̇li̇ Jan 1999

Gsh-Px, G6pd And Arginase Activities And Some Biochemical Parameters In Cattle Infected With Theileria Annuluta, Sema Temi̇zer Ozan, Edi̇p Özer, Sema Yaralioğlu Gürgöze, Seval Yilmaz, Cem Ecmel Şaki̇, Murat Sevgi̇li̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Theileria annuluta, for which Hyalomma tick species serve as intermediate host, causes an economically important disease in cattle 15 cattle infected with T.annulata and 15 healthy cattle were used in the study. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and arginase that play role in the free radical metabolism in erythrocytes, and serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), total billirubin, cholesterol trigliserid, total protein, albumin, urea, uric acid, haemoglobin, haematocrit levels were measured. Erythrocyte GSH-Px and G6PD activities were measured by beutler, arginase activitiy by the modified TDMU method and other serum parameters were evaluated …

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Morphological Characters Of Some Important Races And Ecotypes Of Turkish Honeybees (Apis Mellifera L.)-I, Ahmet Güler, Osman Kaftanoğlu Jan 1999

Morphological Characters Of Some Important Races And Ecotypes Of Turkish Honeybees (Apis Mellifera L.)-I, Ahmet Güler, Osman Kaftanoğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to determine the morphological characters of some important honeybee (A. Mellifera L.) races and ecotypes in Turkey. Experimental samples were collected from 6 different regions such as Central Anatolia Region (Beypazarı), North Eastern Anatolia Region (Posof), Marmara Region (Gökçeada), Thrace Region (Saray), Aegean Region (Fethiye) and Mediterranean Region (Erdemli). Although 41 morphological characters were measured, twenty one morphological characters such as lenght of cover hair on tergite 5, width of tomentum on tergite 4, width of stripe posterior of tomentum, index of tomentum, length of proboscis, length of femur, length of tibia, matatersus width, length of …

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Determination Of Performances Some Important Races And Ecotypes Of Turkish Honeybees (Apis Mellifera L.) Under Migratory Beekeeping Conditions, Ahmet Güler, Osman Kaftanoğlu Jan 1999

Determination Of Performances Some Important Races And Ecotypes Of Turkish Honeybees (Apis Mellifera L.) Under Migratory Beekeeping Conditions, Ahmet Güler, Osman Kaftanoğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to compare performances of some important honeybee (A. mellifera L.) races and ecotypes in Turkey. Experimental colonies were collected from 6 different regions such as Central Anatolia Region (Beypazary), North Eastern Anatolia Region (Posof), Marmara Region (Gökçeada); Thrace Region (Saray), Aegean Region (Fethiye) and Mediterranean Region (Erdemli). Genotypes were compared with respect to some physiological characteristics including honey yield, wax building activity, development of colony population and brood rearing activity. During 2 years of experiment the Muğla genotype was superior to the other genotypes in terms of development of colony population, brood rearing activity, wax building …

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Sensory Properties And Firmness Of Some Fermented Dairy Products Made From Cow And Ewe's Milk, Ni̇hat Akin Jan 1999

Sensory Properties And Firmness Of Some Fermented Dairy Products Made From Cow And Ewe's Milk, Ni̇hat Akin

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Concentrated fermented bifidus milk, acidophilus milk, Bifidus yogurt, Bioyogurt and yogurt were made from cow's and ewe's milk by using ultrafiltration and traditional methods. Sensory analysis and firmness was determined from concentrated fermented milk samples. The firmness of concentrated fermented milk products produced from cow's and ewe's milk by using ultrafiltration and traditional methods were significantly different (p < 0.05). However, the type of starter culture used and the interaction between product types and production methods was not significantly different (p > 0.05). Further, the different type of milk used and products were significantly affected on sensory properties of samples. All the products from cow's milk were marked with high scores. In addition, the most of panelist preferred yogurt to the other fermented dairy …

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Investigation On Serum Ca And P Levels In Cows With Retained Placenta, Hali̇s Öcal, Yusuf Türköz, Hayretti̇n Çeti̇n, Erdal Kaygusuzoğlu, Ali̇ Ri̇şvanli, Cahi̇t Kalkan Jan 1999

Investigation On Serum Ca And P Levels In Cows With Retained Placenta, Hali̇s Öcal, Yusuf Türköz, Hayretti̇n Çeti̇n, Erdal Kaygusuzoğlu, Ali̇ Ri̇şvanli, Cahi̇t Kalkan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to investigate serum Ca and P levels in 31 cows with retained placenta (RP) and 8 cows without RP (control group). The RP was observed following normal parturition in 21 cows (RPP), and the remaining 10 cows had RP after abortion (RPA). Serum Ca and P levels did not differ significantly between the cows with RP and the control group (p>0.05). When the cows with RP were subdivided into two groups as the cows with RPP and those with RPA; the difference in the levels of P between these groups and the control group …

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Pathomorphologic And Biochemical Studies On Experimental Sodium Toxication In Broilers, Hati̇ce Eröksüz Jan 1999

Pathomorphologic And Biochemical Studies On Experimental Sodium Toxication In Broilers, Hati̇ce Eröksüz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Pathomorphological and biochemical findings related to experimental sodium toxication were studied. Sixty male chicks were divided into five different groups. Sodium bicarbonate (group-1 and 2) and sodium chloride (group-3 and 4) were added into tap water at 6 and 12 g/l doses, respectively. The chicks in all groups were fed on standart chick and standart broiler ration. Cardiac enlargement and various degree of visceral uricosis were the main macroscopic lesions detected in group-1 and group-2. In group-3 and 4, such macroscopic lesions cardiac enlargement, testicular edema, hemorrhagic gastritis as were detected. Microscopic examinations showed the lesions related to macroscopic ones. …

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Effect Of Different Enzyme Supplementation On The Performance And Ileal Ph Of Broilers Fed Wheat-And Barley-Based Diets, Müjdat Alp, Recep Kahraman, Neşe Kocabağli, İsmai̇l Abaş, Harun Aksu Jan 1999

Effect Of Different Enzyme Supplementation On The Performance And Ileal Ph Of Broilers Fed Wheat-And Barley-Based Diets, Müjdat Alp, Recep Kahraman, Neşe Kocabağli, İsmai̇l Abaş, Harun Aksu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different enzyme supplementation to wheat-and barley-based diets on the live weight gain, feed efficiency, dressing percentage and ileal pH of broiler chickens. Two hundred fourtyfive, day-old Ross-PM3 chicks were randomly assigned to a control and four treatment groups. Starter (1 to 21 days old) and grower (22 to 42 days old) diets were given without (control) or with different enzyme preparations, which are Avizyme 1200 (1000 mg/kg), Kemzyme Dry (500 mg/kg), Roxazyme-G (200 mg/kg) and Wheatzyme (700 mg/kg). At the end of the six week, average live weights of broilers were …

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Determination Of Seroprevalence Of Leptospirosis In Cattle In Elazığ, Burhan Çeti̇nkaya, Hasan Basri̇ Ertaş, Adi̇le Muz, Hasan Öngör, Hakan Kalender, Vi̇ldan Özdemi̇r Jan 1999

Determination Of Seroprevalence Of Leptospirosis In Cattle In Elazığ, Burhan Çeti̇nkaya, Hasan Basri̇ Ertaş, Adi̇le Muz, Hasan Öngör, Hakan Kalender, Vi̇ldan Özdemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Serum samples collected from randomly-selected 395 cattle between June-November 1997 from the districts and central villages of Elazığ were used to determine the seroprevalence of Leptospirosis in cattle. Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) was used to examine serum samples for antibodies to L. hardjo, L. grippotyphosa, L. pomona and L. icterohaemorrhagiae. Positive results were obtained from eight (2.03%) samples; seven (1.77%) of which were agglutinated with L. hardjo and one (0.25%) with L. grippotyphosa antigens. There was a statistically significant difference when the seropositivity rates were compared in different districts (p=0.002). Age and sex were not determined to affect the frequency …

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Cover And Contents Jan 1999

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Judicial Decision-Making In The Age Of Biotechnology, George P. Smith Ii Jan 1999

Judicial Decision-Making In The Age Of Biotechnology, George P. Smith Ii

Scholarly Articles

The major premise, minor premise, and conclusion of this Article are one and the same - for, they conduce to an acceptance of the fact that the social constructs and legal tools necessary for the modern judiciary to meet head-on and deal with the contentious issues of bioethics and biotechnology are already in place. To resolve problems arising from these potential quagmires, perhaps the major concern is for the courts to remain forever vigilant to the interlinking relationships or synergistic forces found in law, science, ethics, and medicine. Without vigilance and enhanced awareness of the dynamic and fluid situation here, …

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The Tower Clock 1999, Tower Clock Jan 1999

The Tower Clock 1999, Tower Clock

Tower Clock Yearbooks

No abstract provided.

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Demon Possession And Exorcism In The Context Of Divine Providence In Luke-Acts, Charles Badu Yeboah Jan 1999

Demon Possession And Exorcism In The Context Of Divine Providence In Luke-Acts, Charles Badu Yeboah

Dissertations

The dissertation examines the nature and function of demon possession and exorcism within the context of divine providence in Luke-Acts. Chap. 1, after defining the subject and purpose of the study, lays out the dissertation's methodology, constraints and relevance. Chap. 2 provides a survey of the state of scholarship on demonology in the New Testament. Chap. 3 discusses the backgrounds against which Luke's account of demonic possession and exorcism have been understood by prior scholarship. Chap.4 and 5 are devoted to the exegetical analysis of the demonic stories in Luke-Acts. Chap 4 examines stories of Jesus' encounter with the demoniacs …

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The Distribution And Reactivity Of Organochlorines In Estuaries, Andrew O. Tyler Jan 1999

The Distribution And Reactivity Of Organochlorines In Estuaries, Andrew O. Tyler

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

In February 1997, the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme initiated a protocol to reduce the risks to human health and the environment arising from persistent organic pollutants. The initial list of 12 families of organochlorine pollutants included polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) selected for their persistence, bioaccumulation capacity and toxicity. The aim of this work was to further understanding of the behaviour of these organochlorines (OCs) in estuarine systems. Field surveys were conducted at UK estuarine (Humber, Clyde and Dee) and coastal locations. Sediments were analysed for OCs and a range of …

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Automated Flow Injection Instrumentation For Monitoring Nitrogen Species In Natural Waters, Simon Philip Coles Jan 1999

Automated Flow Injection Instrumentation For Monitoring Nitrogen Species In Natural Waters, Simon Philip Coles

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

The provision of high quality analytical data is an essential prerequisite for understanding the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in the aquatic environment. Due to the instability of samples collected for nutrient determinations however, in situ analysis is preferred. This approach also allows for high temporal and spatial resolution of the data and alteration of the sampling frequency to meet local environmental needs. Chapter One describes the role of nitrogen species, particularly ammonia and nitrate, in the aquatic environment, their sources, and possible environmental effects and summarises analytical techniques for their determination. Solid state miniaturised detectors and their suitability for in …

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The Origins And Occurrence Of Estrogenic A-Ring Aromatic Steroids In U.K. Sewage Treatment Works Effluents, Stewart James Niven Jan 1999

The Origins And Occurrence Of Estrogenic A-Ring Aromatic Steroids In U.K. Sewage Treatment Works Effluents, Stewart James Niven

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

There is worldwide concern over the possible estrogenic effects of organic chemicals on a variety of wildlife and indeed on humankind. In the U.K., estrogenic compounds in sewage treatment works (STW) effluents have been implicated in causing the increases in egg yolk protein production observed in caged male trout and other fish species. At the initiation of the present study, few of the estrogenic compounds in STW effiuents had been recognised, although circumstantial evidence suggested that steroidal hormones were primary candidates. Cholesterol is abundant in STW effluents and is the precursor of all steroidal hormones biosynthesised in mammalian systems. Thus, …

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Responses Of Recent Benthic Foraminifera To Metal Pollution In South West England Estuaries: A Study Of Impact And Change, Sheila Joan Stubbles Jan 1999

Responses Of Recent Benthic Foraminifera To Metal Pollution In South West England Estuaries: A Study Of Impact And Change, Sheila Joan Stubbles

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

There was a major discharge into Restronguet Creek, south-west Cornwall in January 1992 of metalled acidic mine water drainage from the recently closed Wheal Jane tin mine. Shortly after this discharge a post-impact study using the responses of Recent benthic foraminifera as indicators of metal pollution was carried out on this Creek which had not been investigated previously. Because of a lack of pre-discharge foraminiferal data from Restronguet Creek, other estuaries, which previously drained metal mining regions, have been sampled in order to determine the background levels in foraminiferal populations. These estuaries, Fowey (Cornwall), Avon and Erme (south-west Devon) have …

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Made In The Gdr : The Changing Geographies Of Women In The Post-Socialist Rural Society In Mecklenburg-Westpommerania, Bettina Van Hoven-Iganski Jan 1999

Made In The Gdr : The Changing Geographies Of Women In The Post-Socialist Rural Society In Mecklenburg-Westpommerania, Bettina Van Hoven-Iganski

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

This thesis explores women's experiences in rural areas under state socialism in the GDR and in the New Germany since 1989. The study is located within feminist geographical thinking and draws on a variety of qualitative and quantitative sources. Data for the research were collated through various research methods both qualitative and quantitative including correspondence, focus group interviews, key informant interviews, and the consultation of documentary evidence and statistical sources. The thesis employs a modified grounded theory approach. Data were processed and analysed using the computer-assisted analysis programme NUD.IST Version 4.0. The thesis focuses on questions that emerge from a …

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Cytokine Profiles And Their Relevance To Human Transplantation, Nicola Helen Cartwright Jan 1999

Cytokine Profiles And Their Relevance To Human Transplantation, Nicola Helen Cartwright

Other Faculty of Health Theses

The aim of this project was to develop an in vitro functional assay for the prediction of allograft rejection following renal transplantation. This assay was also used to study acute GVHD following identical sibling bone marrow transplantation. Lymphocyte cytokine profiles were measured by ELISA (protein secretion) and flow cytometry (cytokine expression) following mitogen stimulation and MLR. In normal individuals, considerable inter-individual variations were found in both protein secretion (IL-2, IL- 4, IL-10 and IFN-γ) and cytokine expression (IL-2 and IFN-γ). Strong relationships were found between IL-2 protein and expression, IL-2 and IL-10 protein, and IL-10 and IFN-γ protein secretion. Analysis …

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Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis-Based Investigations Of Uvr- And Visible Light-Induced Single Strand Breakage In Cultured Human Cells, Jeremy Fraser Kendall Jan 1999

Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis-Based Investigations Of Uvr- And Visible Light-Induced Single Strand Breakage In Cultured Human Cells, Jeremy Fraser Kendall

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Single strand breaks induced by very low fluence UVR (20 µW cmˉ² , 310 nm) and visible light (70 µW cmˉ² , 405 nm) and higher fluence unfiltered xenon arc lamp radiation (3 mW cmˉ² ) were measured by single cell gel electrophoresis. The normal responses of 6 cell lines to the low fluence radiation show a peak in single strand breaks after approximately 2 minutes, after which time the single strand breakage returns to background levels despite continued irradiation. This was not observed with the higher fluence irradiation. The repair of these single strand breaks was observed to be …

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Immunogenetics Of Type 1 Diabetes In Man, Andrea Dawn Hodgkinson Jan 1999

Immunogenetics Of Type 1 Diabetes In Man, Andrea Dawn Hodgkinson

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes is associated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on human chromosome 6. To analyse the contribution of the class I region of the MHC to disease susceptibility, polymorphism of the class Ib molecule HLA-E and several genetic markers within the region was investigated in 378 British Caucasoid patients with type 1 diabetes as defined by the National Diabetes Group, 100 multiplex families from the BDA Warren Repository and 216 unselected normal British Caucasoid controls. PCR-Sequence-Specific Oligonucleotide Probing (PCR-SSOP) was used to analyse polymorphism of the HLA-E gene, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis was used …

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Potential Use Of Protease Enzymes In Liquid Diets For Pigs, Jane Davina Beal Jan 1999

Potential Use Of Protease Enzymes In Liquid Diets For Pigs, Jane Davina Beal

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

A programme of study was undertaken to assess the effect of pretreating raw soya bean and processed full fat soyabean meals with protease enzymes prior to use in liquid feed for grower and finisher pigs. A series of laboratory studies was undertaken to examine the efficacy of three microbial proteases (P2, P3 and P4) in partially hydrolysing soya protein and in reducing the levels of trypsin inhibitors in raw soyabean. Pretreatment consisted of steeping ground soyabean for 24 h at 20° C in the absence (control) or presence of 20 000 units gˉ¹ N of P2, P3 or P4. Pretreating …

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Issues For Music And Education In West Africa, Trevor Wiggins Jan 1999

Issues For Music And Education In West Africa, Trevor Wiggins

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

My published output represents an ongoing engagement with the issues of studying, learning, understanding and transmitting music. More specifically, it has the music of Ghana in West Africa as its primary focus. This music is then considered from a number of points of view:- • as music, where the sonic events can be charted, documented and analysed • as 'ethnic' music where the function and meaning of this music for its culture can be considered • as a cultural artefact where the changing processes of transmission and preservation are observed • as pedagogical material where the nature of learning related …

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Developing Database Applications By Using Software Components, Nusret Conk Jan 1999

Developing Database Applications By Using Software Components, Nusret Conk

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations (1964–2006)

Today, the software application development process is more assembly work than a "build from scratch" approach. By placing pre-existing software components together, it is possible to create a complete application. Such components provide interfaces so that programs use them for their intended purposes. The objective of this thesis is to illustrate how software components work together to make a complete application. To illustrate the ideas and the components, this project presents a three-tiered web database application. This application, as a whole, is made up of the client side web browser, a database and the actual application programs which are Java …

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Flow Injection With Chemiluminescence Detection For The Determination Of Iron In Surface Atlantic Waters, Andrew Ross Bowie Jan 1999

Flow Injection With Chemiluminescence Detection For The Determination Of Iron In Surface Atlantic Waters, Andrew Ross Bowie

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

This thesis describes the design, optimisation and shipboard deployment of a flow injection - chemiluminescence (FI-CL) technique for the determination of iron (Fe) in seawater. Chapter One presents an overview of the marine biogeochemistry of Fe, including its speciation, sources and sinks, abundance and limitation for phytoplankton growth in the Wodd*s oceans. Current analytical methods for the determination of Fe in natural waters are also reviewed. Chapter Two reports the instrumental development of the FI - CL method. Each component is described and its suitability to the flow manifold discussed. Different CL detection systems are evaluated and a charge coupled …

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The Zealous Advocacy Of Justice In A Less Than Ideal Legal World, Robin West Jan 1999

The Zealous Advocacy Of Justice In A Less Than Ideal Legal World, Robin West

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

In The Practice of Justice, William Simon addresses a widely recognized dilemma -- the moral degradation of the legal profession that seems to be the unpleasant by-product of an adversarial system of resolving disputes -- with a bold claim: Lawyers involved in either the representation of private rights or the public interest should be zealous advocates of justice, rather than their clients' interests. If lawyers were to do what this reorientation of their basic identity would dictate -- that is, if lawyers were to zealously pursue justice according to law, rather than zealously pursue through all marginally lawful means whatever …

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The Effect Of Nutritional Supplementation And Exercise On Subjective Pain And Function In People With Osteoarthritis Of The Knee, Anna Power, Dan Scheffer Jan 1999

The Effect Of Nutritional Supplementation And Exercise On Subjective Pain And Function In People With Osteoarthritis Of The Knee, Anna Power, Dan Scheffer

Masters Theses

Nutritional Supplementation of glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate are being promoted in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Recent research has indicated that gelatin was found effective. Moderate exercise is also being advocated. The purpose of this eight week double blind study was to examine the effects of the inexpensive nutritional supplement gelatin, in the form of Knox Nutrajoint, and exercise on pain and functional activity in 49 subjects with osteoarthritis in one or both knees. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of four groups: placebo, placebo plus exercise, gelatin supplement plus exercise and exercise. Exercise consisted of a progressive walking program. …

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Modelling The Fisheries Of Lake Manzala, Egypt, Using Parametric And Non-Parametric Statistical Methods, Medhat Mohamed Ahmed Abdelaal Jan 1999

Modelling The Fisheries Of Lake Manzala, Egypt, Using Parametric And Non-Parametric Statistical Methods, Medhat Mohamed Ahmed Abdelaal

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

Much attention has been given to the economic aspects of the fisheries in Egypt, while building a statistical or mathematical model for fish production has received little attention. This study is devoted to a comprehensive assessment of Lake Manzala fisheries; past, present and future. Lake Manzala is one of the main fisheries resources in Egypt, and there is evidence that the fisheries have been over-exploited in recent years. The study objectives were to determine the factors that affect fish catches by individual vessels, to compare between parametric and non-parametric models of the fish catches, and to produce a mathematical model …

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Agency, Equality, And Antidiscrimination Law , Tracy E. Higgins, Laura A. Rosenbury Jan 1999

Agency, Equality, And Antidiscrimination Law , Tracy E. Higgins, Laura A. Rosenbury

Faculty Scholarship

The Supreme Court increasingly has interpreted the Equal Protection Clause as a mandate for the state to treat citizens as if they were equal-as a limitation on the state's ability to draw distinctions on the basis of characteristics such as race and, to a lesser extent, gender. In the context of race, the Court has struck down not only race-specific policies designed to harm the historically oppressed, but race conscious policies designed to foster racial equality. Although in theory the Court has left open the possibility that benign uses of race may be constitutional under some set of facts, in …

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