Digital Commons Network^™

Interpreting Carnivore Scent-Station Surveys, Glen A. Sargeant, Douglas H. Johnson, William E. Berg

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The scent-station survey method has been widely used to estimate trends in carnivore abundance. However, statistical properties of scent-station data are poorly understood, and the relation between scent- station indices and carnivore abundance has not been adequately evaluated. We assessed properties of scent- station indices by analyzing data collected in Minnesota during 1986-93. Visits to stations separated by < 2 km were correlated for all species because individual carnivores sometimes visited several stations in succession. Thus, visits to stations had an intractable statistical distribution. Dichotomizing results for lines of 10 stations (0 or ≥ 1 visits) produced binomially distributed data that were robust to multiple visits by individuals. We abandoned 2-way comparisons among years in favor of tests for population trend, which are less susceptible to bias, and analyzed results separately for biogeographic sections of Minnesota because trends differed among sections. Before drawing inferences about carnivore population trends, we reevaluated published validation experiments. Results implicated low statistical power and confounding as possible explanations for equivocal or conflicting results of validation efforts. Long-term trends in visitation rates probably reflect real changes in populations, but poor spatial and temporal resolution, susceptibility to confounding, and low statistical power limit the usefulness of this survey method.

Sediment Ingestion Of Two Sympatric Shorebird Species, Clifford A. Hui, W. Nelson Beyer

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Black-bellied plovers (Pluvialis squatarola) have short bills and primarily peck while foraging whereas Willets (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) have long bills and primarily probe with bills open in sediments. Intestinal digesta were collected from these species at sympatric overwintering sites in southern California near San Diego to relate sediment ingestion to bill length and feeding behavior. Plover digesta contained an estimated 29% sediment, and Willet digesta an estimated 3% sediment. Techniques based on acid insoluble ash and on the elemental markers of Al, Fe, and Ti in digesta provided similar results. High Ca concentrations in Willet digesta along …

Determination Of Bioavailable Contaminants In The Lower Missouri River Following The Flood Of 1993, Jimmie Petty, Barry Poulton, Colette Charbonneau, James Huckins, Susan Jones, Jennifer Cameron, Harry Prest

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) technology was employed to determine the presence of bioavailable organochlorine pesticides (OCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water of the main stem of the lower Missouri River and three of its tributaries. The SPMDs were deployed in 1994 following the extensive flood of 1993. Specifically, the SPMDs were deployed for 28 days at Wilson State Park, IA; Nebraska City, NE; Parkville, MO; the Kansas River in Kansas City, KS; Napoleon, MO; the Grand River; Glasgow, MO; the Missouri River upstream from the confluence of the Gasconade River; the Gasconade River; and …

Occurrence Of Pesticides In Shallow Groundwater Of The United States: Initial Results From The National Water-Quality Assessment Program, Dana Kolpin, Jake Barbash, Robert Gilliom

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The first phase of intensive data collection for the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) was completed during 1993-1995 in 20 major hydrologic basins of the United States. Groundwater land-use studies, designed to sample recently recharged groundwater (generally within 10 years) beneath specific land-use and hydrogeologic settings, are a major component of the groundwater quality assessment for NAWQA. Pesticide results from the 41 land use studies conducted during 1993-1995 indicate that pesticides were commonly detected in shallow groundwater, having been found at 54.4% of the 1034 sites sampled in agricultural and urban settings across the United States. Pesticide concentrations were generally low, …

Seismic Rock-Physics Model For Carbonates At Low Effective Stress Levels

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

When considering the seismic response from the Dammam aquifer, the first required component is a simple model relating porosity and stress state to frame moduli assuming a carbonate matrix. We explored two such relationships, one based on the empirical regression presented by Domenico (1984) and a second using the critical porosity model of Nur et al. (1998) calibrated to the ultrasonic measurements of Nur and Simmons (1969). Once frame properties for a given porosity/pressure state were estimated, the effect of fluid changes were calculated using the low-frequency form of the Biot-Gassmann model, better known as Gassmann fluid substitution (Mavko …

Stress And Structure Of Ni Monolayers On W(110): The Importance Of Lattice Mismatch, D. Sander, C. Schmidthals, Axel Enders, J. Kirschner

Axel Enders Publications

The combination of in situ stress measurements, low-energy electron diffraction, and scanning tunneling microscopy reveals the intimate relation between film structure and film stress for epitaxial growth of Ni on W(110) in the monolayer range. In contradiction to lattice mismatch considerations, we measure tremendous compressive stress in the pseudomorphic Ni film, where tensile film stress is expected from strain arguments. Surface stress of the film-substrate composite is proposed to be much more relevant for the description of film stress in the submonolayer range than lattice mismatch arguments are.

The Master Equation Approach To Configurational Kinetics Of Alloys Via The Vacancy Exchange Mechanism: General Relations And Features Of Microstructural Evolution, Kirill D. Belashchenko, V G Vaks

Kirill Belashchenko Publications

The earlier-suggested generalized Gibbs distribution approach to the configurational kinetics of non-equilibrium alloys is extended to the case of many-component alloys and the realistic vacancy-mediated atomic exchange mechanism is incorporated. Exact and approximate equations for the temporal evolution of atomic distributions as well as for the free energy of a non-equilibrium alloy are presented. It is shown that the evolution of the main alloy component distribution for the nearest neighbour vacancy exchange model can usually be described in terms of an equivalent direct exchange model. This conclusion is illustrated with the computer simulation of decomposition and ordering via the vacancy …

Critical Point In Ferroelectric Langmuir-Blodgett Polymer Films, Stephen Ducharme, A.V. Bune, L.M. Blinov, V.M. Fridkin, S.P. Palto, A.V. Sorokin, S.G. Yudin

Stephen Ducharme Publications

The ferroelectric critical point has been found in a ferroelectric polymer by exploring the influence of the electric field on the paraelectric-ferroelectric phase transition. Dielectric and pyroelectric measurements on 30-monolayer-thick films of the crystalline copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) grown by Langmuir-Blodgett deposition show a single hysteresis loop below the zero-field phase transition temperature T_c0=80±10 °C, double hysteresis loops between T_c0 , and the critical temperature T_cr=145±5 °C, and no hysteresis above T_cr where the critical electric field is E_cr=0.93±0.1X10⁹ V/m.

Electron Attachment Energies Of The Dna Bases, Kayvan Aflatooni, Gordon A. Gallup, Paul Burrow

Paul Burrow Publications

Injection of electrons into the empty π* molecular orbitals of uracil and the DNA bases creates short-lived anion states whose energies have been determined by electron scattering. A common range of attachment energies into the lowest orbitals is observed in all the bases. Evidence for nuclear motion during the lifetimes of the anions is found in all the compounds except adenine. These properties of the bases as bridge sites along the π-stack of DNA, namely, the effective degeneracy of the anion energies and the strong excitation of vibration, are key parameters for theories of electron-transfer rate, some of …

Measurements Of The Meson-Photon Transition Form Factors Of Light Pseudoscalar Mesons At Large Momentum Transfer, J. Gronberg, Kenneth A. Bloom, Cleo Collaboration

Kenneth Bloom Publications

Using the CLEO II detector, we have measured the differential cross sections for exclusive two-photon production of light pseudoscalar mesons π⁰, η, and η′. From our measurements we have obtained the form factors associated with the electromagnetic transitions γ*γ → meson. We have measured these form factors in the momentum transfer ranges from 1.5 to 9, 20, and 30 GeV² for π⁰, η, and η′, respectively, and have made comparisons to various theoretical predictions.

Co-Opting Compassion: The Federal Victim's Rights Amendment, Lynne N. Henderson

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

The Phoenix And The Perils Of The Second Best: Why Heightened Appellate Deference To Tax Court Decisions Is Undesirable, Steve R. Johnson

Articles by Maurer Faculty

In our judicial structure, both courts of general jurisdiction and specialized courts are empowered to adjudicate federal income tax controversies. A proper relationship among those courts has proved difficult to forge and maintain. Absent an enduring intellectual and political consensus, institutional arrangements have been subject to recurring question and challenge.

Marvin Pittman Laboratory School Final Year Memorabilia, Zach S. Henderson Library Special Collections

Finding Aids

This collection consists of class activities, school work, and curricula for the Marvin Laboratory School’s last year, 1997-1998.

Find this collection in the University Libraries' catalog.

Frances Corry Lane Papers, Zach S. Henderson Library Special Collections

Finding Aids

This collection consists of Frances Corry Lane’s genealogical research pertaining to nineteenth-century Wiregrass Georgia counties, including Bulloch, Burke, Emanuel, and Screven Counties. Materials include handwritten transcripts of several county census records, newspaper clippings, notes, and a register book.

Find this collection in the University Libraries' catalog.

Jarrett W. Palmer Papers, Zach S. Henderson Library Special Collections

Finding Aids

Assembled by Dr. Jarrett W. Palmer (1874-1969), this collection features documents detailing Palmer's religious and medical practices in Ailey, Ga. Materials span 1895-1964, and include religious and medical publications, bank statements, financial and administrative forms, insurance paperwork, medical records and referrals, various artifacts from his practice, and other relevant documentation.

Find this collection in the University Libraries' catalog.

Olliff & Smith Grocery Records, Zach S. Henderson Library Special Collections

Finding Aids

This collection contains business ledgers that details the records of Olliff & Smith’s Grocery records. Both boxes contain ledgers spanning 1898-1901 and include purchases at the Olliff & Smith Grocery.

Find this collection in the University Libraries' catalog.

United States Society For Education Through The Arts Collection, Zach S. Henderson Library Special Collections

Finding Aids

Spanning 1947-2005, this collection consists of organizational records for the United States Society for Education through the Arts, including conferences, newsletters, correspondence, expense reports, and periodicals.

Find this collection in the University Libraries' catalog

The First Amendment, Children, The Internet, And America's Public Libraries, Fred H. Cate

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Mummies And Mummification Practices In The Southern And Southwestern United States, Mahmoud Y. El-Najjar, Thomas M. J. Mulinski, Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Mummification was not intentional for most North American prehistoric cultures. Natural mummification occurred in the dry areas of North America, where mummies have been recovered from rock shelters, caves, and overhangs. In these places, corpses desiccated and spontaneously mummified. In North America, mummies are recovered from four main regions: the southern and southwestern United States, the Aleutian Islands, and the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas. This chapter is limited to a discussion of burial practices and a tabulation of the location of mummies in the southwestern United States with some comments on mummies of the southern United States, including the Ozarks.

New Investigative Techniques [In Mummies, Disease & Ancient Cultures], Theodore A. Reyman, Henrick Nielsen, Ingolf Thuesen, Derek N. H. Notman, Karl Reinhard, Edmund Tapp, Tony Waldron

Karl Reinhard Publications

In this chapter, we shall see how the amplification of minute amounts of genetic material by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has enabled researchers to identifY both native and infectious DNA in these bodies. The use of amplified bacterial and viral DNA may turn out to be Aidan Cockburn's 'magic bullet' for solving some of the mysteries of infectious disorders in ancient populations. In the same fashion, native DNA may give us clues to a variety of genetic abnormalities that existed in those distant times. These newer techniques will be the focus of the revised technical section in this second …

Exponential Stability Of A Thermoelastic System With Free Boundary Conditions Without Mechanical Dissipation, George Avalos, Irena Lasiecka

Department of Mathematics: Faculty Publications

We show herein the uniform stability of a thermoelastic plate model with no added dissipative mechanism on the boundary (uniform stability of a thermoelastic plate with added boundary dissipation was shown in [J. Lagnese, Boundary Stabilization of Thin Plates, SIAM Stud. Appl. Math. 10, SIAM, Philadelphia, PA, 1989], as was that of the analytic case---where rotational forces are neglected---in [Z. Liu and S. Z. Heng, Quarterly Appl. Math., 55 (1997), pp. 551-564]). The proof is constructive in the sense that we make use of a multiplier with respect to the coupled system involved so as to generate a fortiori the …

Evolution Of The Aeluroid Carnivora: Diversity Of The Earliest Aeluroids From Eurasia (Quercy, Hsanda-Gol) And The Origin Of Felids, Robert M. Hunt Jr.

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

The oldest known fossil aeluroids are from Lower Oligocene sediments in France (Quercy) and Upper Eocene-Lower Oligocene sediments in Mongolia. These small (< 5 kg) carnivorans are primarily represented by mandibles, with hypercarnivorous dentitions in almost all lineages. The six aeluroid genera from France and those from Mongolia share a common dental pattern despite their geographic separation near the extremes of the Eurasian landmass. This similarity is not surprising, however, because faunal exchange across Eurasia at this time is documented not only by populations of small aeluroids but also by small arctoid carnivorans. Basicrania of Oligocene aeluroids are preserved only in the Quercy deposits. The auditory regions of two genera from Quercy (Palaeoprionodon, Stenoplesictis), and of two additional aeluroid genera (Stenogale, Proailurus) known only from mandibles at Quercy (but matched with congeneric mandibles with associated basicrania from early Miocene sediments at St.-Gerand), reveal a common basicranial morphotype. The living African palm civet Nandinia binotata retains a basicranial and auditory anatomy closely approaching the ancestral aeluroid morphotype. European paleontologists working with the Quercy faunas have regarded several of these aeluroids as early members of the Viverridae and …

Amphicyonidae, Robert Hunt

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

The Amphicyonidae occur in North America from late Eocene (~40 Ma) to early late Miocene (~9 Ma), a span of 31 million years. In the North American land mammal biochronology, this diverse family extends from the Duchesnean to the end of the Clarendonian and is especially well represented in the Miocene (~5-24 Ma). In the Old World, amphicyonids survive no longer than in North America: The last European records are Vallesian (Dinotheriensande, Mainz Basin, Germany, Kuss, 1965, Tobien, 1980; Vallés-Penédes Basin, Spain, Crusafont-Pairó and Kurten, 1976), and the last representative may occur at about 9 Ma at Kohfidisch, Austria (latest …

Re-Viewing History: The Use Of The Past As Negative Precedent In United States V. Virginia, Deborah A. Widiss

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Short Changing Short-Term Risk: A Study Of Superfund Remedy Selection, John S. Applegate, Steven M. Wesloh

Articles by Maurer Faculty

Unlike most environmental statutes, CERCLA requires a lengthy period of labor-intensive activity to achieve its clean-up goals. This aspect of the Superfund program does not receive sufficient attention in policy and legal analyses of CERCLA, nor during site-specific remedy selection decision-making. The risks of the remediation period-to workers, to site neighbors, and to the natural environment-are substantial, as this Article illustrates. However, the confusing and sometimes dismissive treatment of remediation risk in the EPA 's detailed guidance for Superfund decision-makers invites the neglect of the short-term effectiveness criterion in the remedy selection process. A study of remedy selection documents in …

Risk Assessment, Redevelopment, And Environmental Justice: Evaluating The Brownfields Bargain, John S. Applegate

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Peace Through Trade? Developments In Palestinian Trade Law During The Peace Process, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Estimation Of Suspended Sediment Concentration In Water Using Integrated Surface Reflectance, Mahtab A. Lodhi, Donald C. Rundquist, Luoheng Han, Mark S. Kuzila

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Error Performance Of The 13-Channel Ds Cdma Watm Lan, Beata J. Wysocki, Tadeusz Wysocki, Hans J. Zepernick

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications (to 2015)

In the paper, we present simulation results for the 13 channel DS CDMA WATM LAN utilising optimized complex spreading signatures based on Walsh-Rademacher functions. The method to obtain those optimized spreading signatures, as well as the full set of the coefficients giving the minimum level of cross-correlation between any pair of the channels is shown. The resultant system BER and the distribution of errors within encapsulated WATM cells is given. The obtained results indicate that with the application of a hybrid ARQ scheme, capable of correcting 10 errors, the number of WATM cells which would require retransmission is in the …

Resource News-Winter 1997-98

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.