Digital Commons Network^™

Mineral Facts For Nebraska, Excluding Oil And Gas, R. R. Burchett

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Optical Determination Of Shallow Carrier Profiles Using Fourier Transform Infrared Ellipsometry, Thomas E. Tiwald, John A. Woollam, John A. Woollam

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Dopant profiles were determined by ex situ Fourier transform infrared variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. The technique exploits carrier absorption in the mid-infrared spectral range and combines the sensitivity of ellipsometry with a simple Drude free carrier absorption model to determine the carrier profile. The noncontact, nondestructive nature of the measurement suggests both ex situ and in situ monitoring and control applications. In this study, the carrier profiles were modeled as graded multilayers that can be constrained to a given functional form (Gaussian, erfc, etc.) when desired. Boron and arsenic implanted silicon wafers that were rapid thermal anneal and furnace annealed were …

Subsurface Heavy-Metal Detection With The Use Of A Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (Libs) Penetrometer System, Brian Miles, Javier Cortes

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) investigators have designed, fabricated, and demonstrated a cone penetrometer sensor for subsurface in situ field screening based on LIBS. The LIBS probe (patent pending) presented here is one of a suite of contaminant and geophysical probes developed by the WES Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) program. The LIBS probe includes a laser as part of the optical LIBS sensor section for metals analysis and a cone and sleeve soil classification module at its tip. Soil classification data are acquired during the push, while LIBS data are recorded during probe retraction, after …

Lee Weights Of Z/4z-Codes From Elliptic Curves, José Felipe Voloch, Judy L. Walker

Department of Mathematics: Faculty Publications

In [15: J. L. Walker, Algebraic geometric codes over rings], the second author defined algebraic geometric codes over rings. This definition was motivated by two recent trends in coding theory: the study of algebraic geometric codes over finite fields, and the study of codes over rings. In that paper, many of the basic parameters of these new codes were computed. However, the Lee weight, which is very important for codes over the ring Z/4Z, was not considered. In [14: J.-F. Voloch and J. L. Walker, Euclidean weights of codes from elliptic curves over rings], this …

Stress And Structure Of Ni Monolayers On W(110): The Importance Of Lattice Mismatch, D. Sander, C. Schmidthals, Axel Enders, J. Kirschner

Axel Enders Publications

The combination of in situ stress measurements, low-energy electron diffraction, and scanning tunneling microscopy reveals the intimate relation between film structure and film stress for epitaxial growth of Ni on W(110) in the monolayer range. In contradiction to lattice mismatch considerations, we measure tremendous compressive stress in the pseudomorphic Ni film, where tensile film stress is expected from strain arguments. Surface stress of the film-substrate composite is proposed to be much more relevant for the description of film stress in the submonolayer range than lattice mismatch arguments are.

Estimates Of Annual Survival Probabilities For Adult Florida Manatees (Trichechus Manatus Latirostris), C. A. Langtimm, T. J. O'Shea, R. Pradel, C. A. Beck

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The population dynamics of large, long-lived mammals are particularly sensitive to changes in adult survival. Understanding factors affecting survival patterns is therefore critical for developing and testing theories of population dynamics and for developing management strategies aimed at preventing declines or extinction in such taxa. Few studies have used modern analytical approaches for analyzing variation and testing hypotheses about survival probabilities in large mammals. This paper reports a detailed analysis of annual adult survival in the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris), an endangered marine mammal, based on a mark-recapture approach. Natural and boat- inflicted scars distinctively "marked" individual …

Determination Of Bioavailable Contaminants In The Lower Missouri River Following The Flood Of 1993, Jimmie Petty, Barry Poulton, Colette Charbonneau, James Huckins, Susan Jones, Jennifer Cameron, Harry Prest

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) technology was employed to determine the presence of bioavailable organochlorine pesticides (OCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water of the main stem of the lower Missouri River and three of its tributaries. The SPMDs were deployed in 1994 following the extensive flood of 1993. Specifically, the SPMDs were deployed for 28 days at Wilson State Park, IA; Nebraska City, NE; Parkville, MO; the Kansas River in Kansas City, KS; Napoleon, MO; the Grand River; Glasgow, MO; the Missouri River upstream from the confluence of the Gasconade River; the Gasconade River; and …

Occurrence Of Pesticides In Shallow Groundwater Of The United States: Initial Results From The National Water-Quality Assessment Program, Dana Kolpin, Jake Barbash, Robert Gilliom

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The first phase of intensive data collection for the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) was completed during 1993-1995 in 20 major hydrologic basins of the United States. Groundwater land-use studies, designed to sample recently recharged groundwater (generally within 10 years) beneath specific land-use and hydrogeologic settings, are a major component of the groundwater quality assessment for NAWQA. Pesticide results from the 41 land use studies conducted during 1993-1995 indicate that pesticides were commonly detected in shallow groundwater, having been found at 54.4% of the 1034 sites sampled in agricultural and urban settings across the United States. Pesticide concentrations were generally low, …

Critical Point In Ferroelectric Langmuir-Blodgett Polymer Films, Stephen Ducharme, A.V. Bune, L.M. Blinov, V.M. Fridkin, S.P. Palto, A.V. Sorokin, S.G. Yudin

Stephen Ducharme Publications

The ferroelectric critical point has been found in a ferroelectric polymer by exploring the influence of the electric field on the paraelectric-ferroelectric phase transition. Dielectric and pyroelectric measurements on 30-monolayer-thick films of the crystalline copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) grown by Langmuir-Blodgett deposition show a single hysteresis loop below the zero-field phase transition temperature T_c0=80±10 °C, double hysteresis loops between T_c0 , and the critical temperature T_cr=145±5 °C, and no hysteresis above T_cr where the critical electric field is E_cr=0.93±0.1X10⁹ V/m.

Measurements Of The Meson-Photon Transition Form Factors Of Light Pseudoscalar Mesons At Large Momentum Transfer, J. Gronberg, Kenneth A. Bloom, Cleo Collaboration

Kenneth Bloom Publications

Using the CLEO II detector, we have measured the differential cross sections for exclusive two-photon production of light pseudoscalar mesons π⁰, η, and η′. From our measurements we have obtained the form factors associated with the electromagnetic transitions γ*γ → meson. We have measured these form factors in the momentum transfer ranges from 1.5 to 9, 20, and 30 GeV² for π⁰, η, and η′, respectively, and have made comparisons to various theoretical predictions.

9. Alteration Of Uppermost Lavas And Volcaniclastics Recovered During Leg 152 To The East Greenland Margin, Mary Anne Holmes

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

During the last stages of the eruption of syn-rift basalts along the East Greenland Margin, debris flows and/or pyroclastic deposits were emplaced at Ocean Drilling Program Sites 915 and 916. The deposits and the tops of the lava flows at Site 918 were altered by subaerial weathering processes as indicated by downhole changes in mineral and chemical composition, and by the mineral paragenesis. Kaolinite and goethite, which form in acidic waters, are abundant at the tops of the weathering profiles and decrease in abundance downward. They are replaced by a smectite-hematite-opal assemblage at the bases of the weathered profiles. Gibbsite …

Metathesis-Based Synthesis Of Jasmonate And Homojasmonate Lactones, Candidates For Extracellular Quorum Sensing Molecules In Candida Albicans, Su C. Cho, Patrick Dussault, Amber D. Lisec, Ellen C. Jensen, Kenneth W. Nickerson

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

Ring-closing metathesis of jasmonate esters is shown to provide a rapid entry to jasmonate lactones. The lactones were investigated as possible quorum sensing molecules for the fungi Candida albicans. Assays demonstrated no effect on fungal morphology at concentrations up to 96 mM.

Substituted Polythiophenes From Highly Reactive Zinc Reagents, Reuben D. Rieke

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

A novel Zerovalent zinc species and an organozinc reagent are disclosed. The zerovalent zinc species is directly pro duced by reaction of a reducing agent on a zinc salt, preferably Zn(CN)₂. The organozinc reagent results from the reaction of the zerovalent zinc species and an organic compound having one or more stable anionic leaving groups. These organozinc reagents include a wide spectrum of functional groups in the organic radical, and are useful in a variety of reactions schemes.

Cross-Coupling Of Organic Compounds Using Cuprous Odide, Reuben D. Rieke

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

Cross-coupling or addition reactions of organic compounds, including acid halides, allylic halides, and C.B-unsaturated carbonyl containing compounds, with organozinc com pounds may be readily and Safely carried out in the presence of cuprous iodide. The use of this catalyst in the coupling reaction provides for the preparation of commercially useful products in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and other industries.

Zinc Phosphide Residues In Gray-Tailed Voles (Microtus Canicaudus) Fed Fixed Particles Of A 2% Grain Bait, R. T. Sterner, D. A. Goldade, R. E. Mauldin

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

This study measured depelted-carcass residues of zinc phosphide (Zn₃P₂, CAS # 1314-84-7) in 8 (4 males and 4 females) gray-tailed voles (Microtus canicaudus). Six (3 males and 3 females) voles were confined individually in 1.89 dkl (5 gal) plastic pails that contained 5,2% Zn₃P₂ steamrolled- oat (SRO) groats; 2 voles (1 male and 1 female) served as analytical (unbaited) controls. Four test voles (3 males and 1female) died within 7.5 h after bait exposure; whereas, 2 test voles showed no signs of toxicosis and were euthanized 7.0 h after bait exposure. …

Book Review Of Paleolimnology Of Europeanmaar Lakes By J. F.W. Negendank & B. Zolitschka (Eds)., J. Platt Bradbury

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

This book represents a collection of papers presented at a symposium in May, 1991 on the formation and paleolimnology of European maar lakes. Paleolimnological discussions embrace maar lake deposits of late Quaternary to early Tertiary age in Germany, France and Italy. The goal of the symposium and its outgrowth, this book, is to develop a funding initiative to study, core and analyze the deposits of these remarkable depositional systems.

Observation Of The Seismic Nucleation Phase In The Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence, William L. Ellsworth, Gregory C. Beroza

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Near-source observations of five M 3.8-5.2 earthquakes near Ridgecrest, California are consistent with the presence of a seismic nucleation phase. These earthquakes start abruptly, but then slow or stop before rapidly growing again toward their maximum rate of moment release. Deconvolution of instrument and path effects by empirical Green's functions demonstrates that the initial complexity at the start of the earthquake is a source effect. The rapid growth of the P-wave arrival at the start of the seismic nucleation phase supports the conclusion of Mori and Kanamori [1996] that these earthquakes begin without a magnitude-scaled slow initial phase of the …

Seismic Rock-Physics Model For Carbonates At Low Effective Stress Levels

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

When considering the seismic response from the Dammam aquifer, the first required component is a simple model relating porosity and stress state to frame moduli assuming a carbonate matrix. We explored two such relationships, one based on the empirical regression presented by Domenico (1984) and a second using the critical porosity model of Nur et al. (1998) calibrated to the ultrasonic measurements of Nur and Simmons (1969). Once frame properties for a given porosity/pressure state were estimated, the effect of fluid changes were calculated using the low-frequency form of the Biot-Gassmann model, better known as Gassmann fluid substitution (Mavko …

Continuous Lake-Sediment Records Of Glaciation In The Sierra Nevada Between 52,600 And 12,500 14c Yr B.P., Larry Benson, Howard M. May, Ronald C. Antweiler, Terry I. Brinton, Michaele Kashgarian, Joseph P. Smoot, Steve P. Lund

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The chemistry of the carbonate-free clay-size fraction of Owens Lake sediments supports the use of total organic carbon and magnetic susceptibility as indicators of stadial-interstadial oscillations, Owens Lake records of total organic carbon, magnetic susceptibility, and chemical composition of the carbonate-free, clay-size fraction indicate that Tioga glaciation began ~24,500 and ended by ~13,600 ¹⁴C yr B.P. Many of the components of glacial rock flour (e.g., TiO₂ , MnO, BaO) found in Owens Lake sediments achieved maximum values during the Tioga glaciation when valley glaciers reached their greatest extent. Total organic carbon and Si02 (amorphous) concentrations reached minimum values …

Early Life History Stages Of Gulf Sturgeon In The Suwannee River, Florida, Kenneth J. Sulak, James P. Clugston

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Egg sampling confirmed that Suwannee River Gulf sturgeon Acipenser ozyrinchus desotoi, a subspecies of Atlantic sturgeon A. o. oxyrinchus use the same spawning site at river kilometer (rkm) 215 from the mouth of the river each year. Forty-nine eggs were recorded in 1995, and 368 were recorded in 1996. Spawning began 4-7 d after the March new moon in both years and lasted 10-11 d; in 1996, a second 10-d spawning round began on the April new moon. Developmental synchrony among eggs recovered suggested serval discrete spawning events in both years. Total eggs deposited for three 1996 sampling days …

An Investigation Of The Amount Of Emphasis Placed On Content And Delivery By Instructors Of Public Speaking, Paul J. Siddens Iii

Faculty Publications

A study examined how much emphasis instructors of public speaking place on content and delivery when teaching and delivering oral and written critiques. The study sought to determine whether when teaching a hybrid introduction to communication course; or public speaking course; instructors are challenged with teaching their students about issues related to the content of the speech; such as the introduction and conclusion; organization; supporting evidence; and issues related to physical and vocal delivery such as appearance; gestures; eye contact; volume; rate; and vocal variety. This was a pilot study to test the research questions; survey instrument; and methodology used …

The Gift Of Language, Joseph Vining

Articles

Style and substance cross-are genetically related as we now might want to say. Each draws on and is implied by the other. One point at which they cross is our sense of the nature of human language, what language is and can be, what it is not and can never be. The language of law is part of human language. Law is a distinctive form of thought, but it lives in human language. "Rule" might be thought synonymous with "law," but for all its talk of rules, the practice of law does not begin with a descriptive statement, or a …

The Rediscovery Of Pentecost In Methodism, Laurence W. Wood

The Asbury Journal

No abstract provided.

Protection Of Wetlands In The Grand River Watershed From Non-Point Source Pollution (Ontario), Marsha Lynn Paley

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The purpose of this study is to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the municipal official plans to protect provincially evaluated wetlands from activities causing non-point source pollution within the Grand River watershed. An integrated framework for policy analysis involving both an evaluative and normative approach assists in determining the value of wetland protection policies and recommends future actions to guide decision-making on development adjacent to wetlands. Specifically, the objectives include (a) to locate, identify and measure the total wetland area, class and number of wetlands in the Grand River watershed on an upper- and lower-tier municipal basis; (b) to …

Seasonal Patterns Of Nitrogen Fixation In Termites, A. D. Curtis, D. A. Waller

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Summary

1. Termite nitrogenase activity was highest in autumn and spring (≈ 3 µg N₂ fixed termite fresh mass (g)^–1 day^–1) and lowest in winter and summer (≈ 0·8 µg N₂ fixed termite fresh mass (g)^–1 day^–1).

2. The nitrogenase activity of worker termites was significantly higher than all other castes (1·58 ± 0·27 µg N₂ fixed termite fresh mass (g)^–1 day^–1).

3. Worker termites constituted the largest proportion of all the castes throughout the study period (≈ 90%).

4. The localized input of fixed nitrogen by termites …

Filtration Modeling Of A Plate-And-Frame Press, Scott A. Wells

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The porosity distribution and filtrate production during cake filtration in a plate-and-frame filter press were simulated mathematically. The model considered filtration that occurs after the filling process, not filtration that occurs as the suspension fills the cell. Governing equations for the temporal porosity distribution were developed for a plateand- frame press. The governing equations were solved numerically using an alternating-direction-implicit scheme. Appropriate initial and boundary conditions were determined based on characteristics of the plate-and-frame press and of the suspension properties. Predicted porosity and velocity distributions were calculated for assumed constitutive parameters.

Modeling Density Currents In Circular Clarifiers, Scott A. Wells, David M. Laliberte

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Design of sedimentation tanks for solid-liquid separation is often dependent on assuming ideal flow conditions. But the geometry of the tank and density currents as a result of temperature and suspended solids influences the fluid mechanics of the tank and can result in significant deviations from ideal flow.

A two-dimensional radial flow model was proposed which incorporated the effect of density currents resulting from temperature and suspended solids differentials within the tank. The numerical model predicted the steady-state, layer-averaged radial flow and layer depth.

The model solution and field data showed that the momentum and suspended solids of the inflow …

Up From Individualism (The Brennan Center Symposium On Constitutional Law)." , Donald J. Herzog

Articles

I was sitting, ruefully contemplating the dilemmas of being a commentator, wondering whether I had the effrontery to rise and offer a dreadful confession: the first time I encountered the countermajoritarian difficulty, I didn't bite. I didn't say, "Wow, that's a giant problem." I didn't immediately start casting about for ingenious ways to solve or dissolve it. I just shrugged. Now I don't think that's because my commitments to either democracy or constitutionalism are somehow faulty or suspect. Nor do I think it's that they obviously cohere. It's rather that the framing, "look, these nine unelected characters can strike down …

Mesozooplankton Distribution And Abundance In The Pagan River: A Nutrient Enriched Subestuary Of The James River, Virginia, Lillian N. Davis, Harold G. Marshall

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The mesozooplankton in the Pagan River was dominated by calanoid copepods, with abundance peaks occurring during late winter-early spring and from late summer into early fall. This included spring, summer, and fall abundance maxima. The total mean abundance of the mesozooplankton was 3,008/m³.

The Compression Strength Comparison Of Corrugated Shipping Containers, Printed By Thick And Thin Plate, Worawut Sriratbunterng

Theses

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of direct flexographic printing on the compression strength of the RSC style containers when high quality graphics were printed, using thick and thin plate technology. Three factors were studied including: 1) different plate technology (thick and thin), 2) number of colors being printed (one and three), 3) printing impression (light and heavy). The compression strength comparison of the preprint and the postprint were also examined. The results showed that using the thick plate technology caused a significant reduction in the compression strength of printed containers, compared to either preprint containers …