Digital Commons Network^™

Einstein’S 1935 Derivation Of E=Mc2, Francisco Flores

Philosophy

Einstein’s 1935 derivation of mass—energy equivalence is philosophically important because it contains both a criticism of purported demonstrations that proceed by analogy and strong motivations for the definitions of the ‘new’ dynamical quantities (viz relativistic momentum, relativistic kinetic energy and relativistic energy). In this paper, I argue that Einstein’s criticism and insights are still relevant today by showing how his derivation goes beyond Friedman’s demonstration of this result in his Foundations of Spacetime ¹heories. Along the way, I isolate three distinct physical claims associated with Einstein’s famous equation that are sometimes not clearly distinguished in philosophical discussions of spacetime theory.

Inventory Of Sensitive Species And Ecosystems In Utah, Endemic And Rare Plants Of Utah: An Overview Of Their Distribution And Status, Utah Division Of Wildlife Resources

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR), under an agreement with the U.S. Department of the Interior, began work in March 1994 to develop a study plan for a statewide inventory of sensitive species and ecosystems. Activities enumerated in the plan include (1) completing a literature review for vertebrate, invertebrate, and plant species, (2) conducting field studies on sensitive species identified in the plan, and (3) using information obtained from the literature review and field studies to enhance UDWR's central database. UDWR's study plan was approved by the Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation Commission (Mitigation Commission) in February 1995, and …

A Management-Oriented Classification Of Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands Of The Great Basin, Neil E. West, Robin J. Tausch, Paul T. Tueller, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Pinyon-juniper woodlands occupy about 18 percent (7.1 million ha, 17.6 million acres) of the land area of the Great Basin (Tueller and others 1979). The associated tree species are found over a wide range of environmental conditions extending from communities representative of the upper fringes of the Mohave Desert to communities found at the lower fringes of high mountain forests. Over this spatial and elevational range, communities associated with pinyon-juniper woodlands are highly variable, with complex distribution and compositional patterns. This variability is due to climatic changes occurring over the last 10,000 years and to variation in current environmental conditions …

A Strategy For The Future Management Of The Joint Authority Northern Shark Fishery. A Discussion Paper., Tim Bray, Jo Kennedy

Fisheries Management Papers

This paper discusses the current status of the Joint Authority Northern Shark Fishery (JANSF), and the major issues affecting it. The main aim of the document is to present a seires of recommendations to enable effective future management of this resource. The paper provides a brief introduction to the JANSF, followed by an examination of the resource base of the fishery (primary species, stock distribution and stock assessment).

Western Rock Lobster Management - Options And Issues, Kevin Donohue

Fisheries Management Papers

Following the Rock Lobster Industry Advisory Committee meeting of the 3 March 1998 the Minister has advised that his position is that there will be no management changes for the 1998/99 season. The purpose of this paper is primarily to provide information explaining management options and issues for consideration of the long term management of the fishery. The paper is divided into three main sections which detail options that have been identified as having the potential to increase the catch value over the next three years. In the first section, an option for enhancing the catch value by transferring lobsters …

Translational Diffusion Of Small And Large Mesoscopic Probes In Hydroxypropylcellulose-Water In The Solutionlike Regime, Kiril A. Streletzky, George D.J. Phillies

Physics Faculty Publications

Quasi-elastic light scattering spectroscopy was used to study the translational diffusion of monodisperse spheres in aqueous 1 MDa hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) at 25 °C. Probe diameters d spanned 14–455 nm; HPC concentrations were 0⩽c⩽7g/L. Light scattering spectroscopy consistently found spectra having the form g(1)(t)=(1−Af)exp(−θtβ)+Af exp(−θftβf). Here θf and βf refer to the “fast” mode; θ and β describe the “slow” mode. We examine the dependence of θ, β, θf, βf, and Af on d, c, scattering vector q, and viscosity η. β=1 for large probes; elsewise, β and βf are ∈(0,1). The slow mode, with short-lived memory function, is diffusive; for …

Oak Leaves 1998, Linfield Archives

Linfield Yearbook Collection

No abstract provided.

Fisheries Research Report No. 110 - A Research Vessel Survey Of Bottom Types In The Area Of The Abrolhos Islands And Mid-West Trawl Fishery., C. J. Dibden, L. M. Joll

Fisheries Research Reports

To address the concern expressed by Commercial rock lobster fishers operating in the Abrolhos Islands area, that expanding saucer scallop trawl activity was damaging the sea floor biota in areas which they considered good rock lobster habitat and poor scallop habitat, an underwater video survey was conducted by the Fisheries Department Research Division, with the following objectives:

1. Examine, classify and map the benthic habitat of areas currently and historically trawled for scallops in the Abrolhos Islands area and adjacent waters;

2. Examine, classify and map the benthic habitat of areas adjacent to these trawled areas, where potential for conflict …

Faculty Senate Degree Candidates, Summer 1998, Vol 25, P 876-943, Unm Faculty Senate

Faculty Senate Documents

No abstract provided.

Strain Induced Alteration Of The Gadolinium Surface State, C. Waldfried, D.N. Mcilroy, T. Mcavoy, D. Welipitiya, Peter A. Dowben, Elio Vescovo

Peter Dowben Publications

Strain induced alteration of the gadolinium surface state The electronic structure of strained and unstrained Gd(0001) has been studied with photoemission, inverse photoemission, and spin-polarized photoemission. A shift of the occupied majority and unoccupied minority surface states has been observed as a result of the strain, consistent with the phase accumulation model. There is a strain induced shift of the minority spin surface state across the Fermi level. ©1998 American Institute of Physics.

Magnetic And Structural Properties Of Prco3–XSiX Compounds, T. Matsui, R. D. Stevenson, Roger D. Kirby, David J. Sellmyer

Roger Kirby Publications

We have systematically investigated the magnetic properties of the rare-earth compounds PrCo₈Si and PrCo_3–xSi_x, the crystal structures of which are hexagonal CeNi₃-type and rhombohedral Be₃Nb-type, respectively. Sharp cusps were observed in the real and imaginary parts of the ac susceptibility at temperatures between 282 (x = .08) and 209 K (x = .23). Also observed were bifurcations of the zero-field-cooled and field-cooled magnetization curves at the same temperatures, showing that the magnetization was irreversible below these temperatures. The effect of Si substitution for Co in this system …

Sustainability And Resource Assessment: A Case Study Of Soil Resources In The United States, Dana L. Hoag, Jennie S. Hughes Popp, D. Eric Hyatt

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Assessment of environmental condition is critical to wise management and policy decisions. However, for some concerns such as sustainability, it is difficult to assess environmental condition because it involves disparate social objectives and an understanding of complex ecological systems. Here, a general framework is proposed to examine sustainability of environmental resources in objective, measurable ways. By using soil quality as an example, sustainability research is taken beyond theory and into application.
Sustainability depends on the quality of resource endowment. Endowment of a natural resource can be modeled as an index of quality to assess the degree of sustainable management. This …

Magnitude And Significance Of Carbon Burial In Lakes, Reservoirs, And Peatlands, Walter E. Dean, Eville Gorham

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Globally, lakes are currently accumulating organic carbon (OC) at an estimated annual rate of about 42 Tg•yr^-1. Most of the OC in all but the most oligotrophic of these lakes is autochthonous, produced by primary production in the lakes. The sediments of reservoirs accumulate an additional 160 Tg annually, and peatlands contribute 96 Tg annually. These three carbon pools collectively cover less than 2% of the Earth’s surface and constitute a carbon sink of about 300 Tg•yr^-1. Although the oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface, they accumulate OC at a rate of only about 100 …

Coercivity And Exchange Coupling In Prco:Co Nanocomposite Films, J. Ping Liu, Yi Liu, David J. Sellmyer

David Sellmyer Publications

Magnetic hysteresis and intergrain exchange coupling in nanostructured PrCo:Co composite films have been investigated. The composite thin films were made by multilayer sputtering and subsequent annealing. It is found that the coercivity mechanism is related to film morphology, especially the Co phase fraction. Evidence for the hard-soft-phase exchange coupling has been found and high energy products have been obtained.

On Some Finitely Based Representations Of Semigroups, Nikolay Silkin

Department of Mathematics: Faculty Publications

In this paper we present a method of obtaining finitely based linear representations of possibly infinitely based semigroups.

Hydrogen In R2Fe17 Intermetallic Compounds: Structural, Thermodynamic, And Magnetic Properties, S. Wirth, Ralph Skomski, J.M.D. Coey

Ralph Skomski Publications

The absorption and diffusion behavior of hydrogen in iron-rich rare-earth intermetallics of the type R₂Fe₁₇ (R=Y, Sm, Gd) and the resulting changes of their magnetic properties are investigated. Intermediate hydrogen concentration indicate the solid-solution character of the hydrides. From equilibrium and nonequilibrium absorption experiments net reaction energies, bulk diffusion constants, and surface barrier energies for Sm₂Fe₁₇ are determined and discussed. The low-temperature quantum diffusion is discussed for the hydride and the corresponding nitride. The interstitial modification changes drastically the crystalline electric field in the rare-earth intermetallics. For Sm₂Fe₁₇H₄ the …

Announcements: June 1998

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

Contents:

Western Drought Coordination Council Products Available

Implications Of Climate Change For Soil Moisture Availability In Turkey’S Southeastern Anatolia Project Region, Ali Umran Komuscu

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

The Southeast Anatolia Development Project (known as GAP) is a multifaceted development project for agriculture and water resources within the Turkish portions of the Euphrates and Tigris river basins. Through this project, the vulnerability of the region to drought has been investigated in both temporal and spatial terms. On completion of the project, 28% of the total water potential of Turkey will be brought under control through facilities on the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, which have a joint flow of more than 50 billion m³ (GAP Regional Development Administration, 1997). The GAP project aims to irrigate 8.5 million hectares …

No Droughts Over India Following Very Strong El Niño Episodes, R. H. Kripalani, Ashwini Kulkarni

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

One of the external factors responsible for the interannual variability of Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR—June through September) is the El Niño phenomenon. About half of the droughts over India have been related to this phenomenon. Other external factors, such as the Eurasian snow, also affect the year-to-year variability of the ISMR. It is believed that in such cases, the ISMR becomes locked into its own internal dynamics.

Improving Drought Management And Planning Through Better Monitoring In Africa, Tsegaye Tadesse

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

Drought is part of the environment. It occurs in every part of the globe and adversely affects the lives of a large number of people, causing considerable damage to economies, the environment, and property. It also affects countries differently, having a greater impact on countries with poor economic conditions.

Recurrent drought in Africa in the last 30 years has had a disastrous effect on an economic and social situation that already had serious problems. Today, in the aftermath of these devastating droughts, planning and preparedness have become more important. Most disasters, including droughts, are no accident. They are made by …

Australia’S National Drought Policy Continues To Evolve, David H. White

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

Australia is an arid continent with a high variability in its annual rainfall. Given the frequency and severity of droughts and the consequent high financial and social costs to the nation and to individuals, and the associated potential for further degradation of the land, a national policy on drought was clearly needed.

Australia’s National Drought Policy (NDP) was ratified by the state and Commonwealth (federal) governments in 1992 (White, 1993; White et al., 1993; White and O’Meagher, 1995). Its aims are to:

• encourage primary producers and other sections of rural Australia to adopt self-reliant approaches to managing for climatic …

From The Director: June 1998, Donald A. Wilhite

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

The 1997–98 El Niño event has certainly raised the public’s level of awareness of the impact of climate on society. Although the concern in the United States has focused more on mitigating the potential effects of floods, not all regions of the country are dealing with water surplus situations. An emerging drought in Montana and parts of some surrounding states has caught the attention of scientists and policy makers in recent months. Worldwide, droughts in Central America, Mexico, Brazil, Hawaii, some Pacific island nations, Indonesia, Australia, southern Africa, and elsewhere have attracted the attention of scientists, policy makers, and the …

Case Study Of Non-Linear Inverse Problems: Mammography And Non-Destructive Evaluation, Olga Kosheleva, S. Cabrera, Roberto A. Osegueda, Carlos M. Ferregut, Soheil Nazarian, M. J. George, Vladik Kreinovich, K. Worden

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

The inverse problem is usually difficult because the signal (image) that we want to reconstruct is weak. Since it is weak, we can usually neglect quadratic and higher order terms, and consider the problem to be linear. Since the problem is linear, methods of solving this problem are also, mainly, linear (with the notable exception of the necessity to take into consideration, e.g., that the actual image is non-negative).

In most real-life problems, this linear description works pretty well. However, at some point, when we start looking for a better accuracy, we must take into consideration non-linear terms. This may …

News From Hope College, Volume 29.6: June, 1998, Hope College

News from Hope College

No abstract provided.

Units In Integral Group Rings For Direct Products, Richard M. Low

Dissertations

Given a finite group G and the ring of integers, one can form the integral group ring ZG . A natural problem to investigate is to find a description of the group of units for this ring ZG. Since the unit problem for integral group rings arises in the contexts of algebraic topology, number theory, and algebra, it is an important question to try to answer. For this reason, it has drawn the attention of researchers from diverse areas of mathematics.

Graham Higman (circa 1940) made substantial contributions to the solution of this problem, in the case where G was …

Possible Evidence Of Gravity Wave Coupling Into The Mid-Latitude F Region Ionosphere During The Seek Campaign, Michael J. Taylor, J. M. Jahn, S. Fukao, A. Saito

All Physics Faculty Publications

On five of eight observation nights during the 1996 SEEK (Sporadic E Experiment over Kyushu) campaign, Japan, unusual “wave‐like” structures were imaged in the 630 nm thermospheric nightglow emission. Four of these events were observed to travel towards the southwest, providing new evidence in support of recent theories describing the coupling of medium‐scale gravity waves into the mid‐latitude F region ionosphere. Available ionosonde data and the visual characteristics of the wave structures indicate no association with the occurrence of mid‐latitude spread F or F region upwellings. Instead, the data support the novel concept of feedback from the ionosphere into the …

A Quasi-Experimental Approach For Assessing Air Traffic Controller Workload, Ana Theresa Borja

Master's Theses - Daytona Beach

The objective of this thesis was to evaluate and determine the operational impacts to the Oceanic Air Traffic Controller (controller) from deficiencies of an Oceanic Data Link system. These deficiencies in the Oceanic Data Link system are in regards to the Computer Human Interface (CHI) and its effect on the cognitive effort and physical task requirements imposed on the controller. The various workload methodologies and techniques were reviewed for specific workload techniques applicable to the operational environment when resources, such as time and funding, are lacking for a laboratory design. Data was collected from a live oceanic control facility where …

1998/2000 University Of The Pacific School Of Dentistry Catalog, University Of The Pacific

Catalogue, Bulletin, Catalog

No abstract provided.

Permitted Iron Emission Lines In The Classical T Tauri Star Dr Tauri, Georgina Beristain, Suzan Edwards, John Kwan

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We present a study of permitted emission lines of Fe I and Fe II in the spectrum of the high-accretion rate classical T Tauri star DR Tau. Echelle spectra collected at the 4 m Mayall telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory between 1988 and 1992 include four epochs with red spectral coverage (~5000-6800 Å) and three with blue spectral coverage (~4000-4950 Å). A total of 62 unblended Fe I and Fe II lines are identified, their profiles are examined, and ratios of line pairs that are sensitive to column density or temperature are analyzed.

The unblended Fe profiles exhibit a …

Iwu Hosts Student Research Symposium, Stew Salowitz

News and Events (Discontinued Series)

No abstract provided.