Digital Commons Network^™

Phytoplankton Composition Within The Tidal Freshwater Region Of The James River, Virginia, Harold G. Marshall, Lubomira Burchardt

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Based on a 10.5 year data set, 271 taxa were identified at a single tidal freshwater station in the James River. The mean monthly concentrations of major algal categories, total biomass and productivity are given. Diatom maxima were associated with peak periods of river discharge, with chlorophytes, cyanobacteria, and autotrophic picoplankton abundance and productivity greater during reduced river flow and more stable water conditions.

Hybrid Control Of Seismic Structures With Optimal Placement Of Control Devices, Franklin Y. Cheng, Hongping Jiang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A theoretical study is carried out for optimal controller placement and effectiveness of a hybrid seismic response control system comprising a viscous fluid damper and a servovalve-controlled hydraulic actuator. A stochastic seismic response of controlled structures is first investigated with nonorthogonal damping and stiffness; then a statistical method for optimal placement of control devices on seismic-resistant structures is developed. With such placement, a hybrid system can achieve greater performance in that much less control force is required to reduce structural seismic response to a given level. This study also shows the hybrid system is superior to both active and passive …

Cladistic Analysis Of 37 Mediterranean Bogidiellidae (Amphipoda), Including Bogidiella Arista, New Species, From Turkey, Stefan Koenemann, Ronald Vonk, Frederick R. Schram

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

A new subterranean amphipod species, Bogidiella (Medigidiella) arista, found in the mesopsam mic ground waters of southern Anatolia, Turkey, is described, together with Bogidiella (Bogidiella) calicali Karaman, the latter being recorded for the first time in the eastern Mediterranean. A cladistic analysis of 37 Mediterranean species of the family Bogidiellidae is performed, using 4 species from the Canary Islands as an outgroup. Alternatively, 2 cladistic software packages, PAUP 3.1.1 and HENNIG86, are employed to calculate consensus trees of minimal length. The resulting trees show more or less identical robust clades, characterizing a central, a central-eastern, …

Seasonal Patterns Of Nitrogen Fixation In Termites, A. D. Curtis, D. A. Waller

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Summary

1. Termite nitrogenase activity was highest in autumn and spring (≈ 3 µg N₂ fixed termite fresh mass (g)^–1 day^–1) and lowest in winter and summer (≈ 0·8 µg N₂ fixed termite fresh mass (g)^–1 day^–1).

2. The nitrogenase activity of worker termites was significantly higher than all other castes (1·58 ± 0·27 µg N₂ fixed termite fresh mass (g)^–1 day^–1).

3. Worker termites constituted the largest proportion of all the castes throughout the study period (≈ 90%).

4. The localized input of fixed nitrogen by termites …

Mesozooplankton Distribution And Abundance In The Pagan River: A Nutrient Enriched Subestuary Of The James River, Virginia, Lillian N. Davis, Harold G. Marshall

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The mesozooplankton in the Pagan River was dominated by calanoid copepods, with abundance peaks occurring during late winter-early spring and from late summer into early fall. This included spring, summer, and fall abundance maxima. The total mean abundance of the mesozooplankton was 3,008/m³.

Table Of Contents

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

No abstract provided.

U.S. Subject Matter Jurisdiction For Copyright Infringements On The Internet, Christian M. Reider

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

Copyright infringement is currently the most important substantive legal issue in online communication. Many copyright owners, a handful of authors, and an increasing number of courts realize that the Internet, more than any other medium, will challenge the enforcement of copyright infringement in the international context. The threshold issue in copyright enforcement is the question of subject matter jurisdiction over the Internet, a digital world without significant national boundaries.

Determining subject matter jurisdiction has great economic and legal impact on the parties. The exposure of any individual Internet user or any local company to foreign as well as multiple jurisdictions …

Courting Cyberspace, Al Harrison

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

Internet has changed and will continue to change many aspects of the practice of law. Besides affording unlimited opportunity for gathering information on a world-wide scale and communicating quickly across time and geographical boundaries, the Internet provides access to multifaceted tools for performing legal and related research. A law firm should equip its lawyers and staff with suitable computer hardware and software to effectively avail itself of the myriad of online resources. By keeping in step with technological developments, efficiencies may be realized in the practice of law that were heretofore inconceivable. This article includes (1) a review of Outlook …

Neither Dead Nor Forgotten: The Past, Present, And Future Of The Communications Decency Act In Light Of Reno V. Aclu, Sue Ann Mota

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

The Communications Decency Act (CDA) was enacted by Congress in February of 1996 as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996. The goal of the CDA was to limit children's exposure to sexually explicit online materials. President Clinton signed the bill into law on February 8, 1996, and the CDA was immediately challenged.  A three-judge federal district court panel in ACLU v. Reno held that certain provisions of the CDA violate the U.S. Constitution. On June 26, 1997, the Supreme Court handed down its decision, affirming that certain provisions of the CDA violate the First Amendment. The provisions held to …

Table Of Contents

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

No abstract provided.

The International Enforcement Of Software Copyrights And Patents, Siehnai F. Williamson

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

Upon graduating with a computer science degree, Shannon Smith and her classmates started their own educational computer software firm called ABC Software (ABC). ABC observed that the computer software industry had grown exponentially since the 1980s due in part to industry-wide standards (like the Windows® platform) and the declining costs in computer hardware that have increased demand for computer products. Because ABC believes the software industry is knowledge-based, ABC need incur little research and developmental costs. ABC's ability to protect its software will be the determining factor in deciding where to distribute its products. Since the very nature of computer …

Legal Protection Of Collections Of Facts, Charles Brill

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

Database compilers traditionally have used copyright and trade secret laws to protect their databases from appropriation by competitors. A 1991 Supreme Court decision, however, casts some doubt on the copyright protection extended to databases in the United States. In response to the Supreme database industry has launched a worldwide effort to encourage legislation to provide strong protection of databases, especially electronic databases.These efforts have borne fruit in Europe where Great Britain has passed laws protecting databases from unfair extraction and the European Union has mandated a sui generisprotection which, in conjunction with existing copyright laws, will provide very strong protection …

Copyrighting Cyberspace: Unweaving A Tangled Web, Robert N. Diotalevi

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

The Internet, which began as a research project, is now the largest computer system in the world. Commonly known as the net or cyberspace, this superhighway offers a variety of useful information through its ocean of URL's, browsers and hyperlinks. Although to some people this new generation of technology may seem intimidating or even far-fetched, the reality is that its opportunities are vital to nearly every facet of modem life. With advancing technology comes new legal battles. The age of information has exposed and tested many limitations of copyright law. This work attempts to explain present copyright law as it …

Table Of Contents

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

No abstract provided.

Gambling On The Internet, Aaron Craig

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

This article analyzes current proposals to regulate gambling on the Internet and suggests that their flaws stem primarily from a failure to appreciate the complexity of the vice/economic gain dichotomy that has been incorporated in American gambling regulatory policy. Americans have historically prohibited some forms of gambling while tolerating others. An Internet gambling regulatory system should view the Internet as a medium across which current gambling policies should be extended. Regimes that legalize all forms of gambling on the Internet are politically untenable and unwise. Proposals to outlaw all forms of gambling fail to recognize the Government's interest in permitting …

Current Advertising Regulations And The Internet, Lori A. Lustberg

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

Since its inception, the Internet has brought society an array of opportunities. With those opportunities challenges arise. The Internet advertising arena is no different. The opportunities for companies to use the Internet to reach their target audiences are extraordinary. Because no regulations apply specifically to the Internet and since no agency has the specific task of regulating it, however, questions are plentiful regarding how and to what extent advertising is acceptable over the Internet. Both consumers and advertisers can clearly benefit from the use of advertising on the Internet. Consumers can readily and easily access information and products in which …

Contracting In Cyberspace, Jeff C. Dodd, James A. Hernandez

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

Cyberspace law has started to take some shape as lawyers and merchants increasingly look to the same models and structures for guidance. Proposed statutes dealing directly with cyberspace contracting issues are working their way through the process of uniform and legislative law making. A few of these statutory laws have already made it through the gauntlet.4 Although this unsystematic growth through practice has led to a motley collection of legal standards governing cyberspace contracting, most of the issues that these standards purport to deal with relate to only five root problems:

(a)   Authority. When is the contract "my" contract? What …

Extension Of Copyright To Fonts-Can The Alphabet Be Far Behind?, Jonathan L. Mezrich

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

In February 1998, a federal district court issued a decision that may have a profound impact on the software industry. The court held, in Adobe Systems, Inc. v. Southern Software, Inc., that copyright law protects "software programs" that create fonts that are distinct typefaces. This ruling is ill-conceived. While people should be rewarded and protected for their creativity, copyright law should not be extended to cover the "artwork" inherent in font "glyphs," which, in their most basic form, comprise the alphabet itself.

The software industry has experienced dramatic growth in the past decade. While a small number of dominant …

Telephone Companies Go To Battle Over The Internet, Peter C. Salaverry

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

Entering the twenty-first century, Americans, like most people around the world, regard the Internet as a free and unregulated means of communication. Naive to its origins, many individuals surf the Internet unaware of the debates concerning its regulation.

In March 1996, America's Carriers Telecommunication Association (ACTA), a trade association of roughly 130 long-distance carriers, petitioned the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to confirm "its authority over interstate and international telecommunications services using the Internet." More specifically, the ACTA petition requested that the FCC enjoin software distributors of long-distance telephone software and other providers of non-tariffed and uncertified entities, compelling them to …

The Effect Of Temperature Dependent Frequency Factor On The Evaluated Trapping Parameters Of Tsl Glow Curves, A. N. Yazici, Z. Öztürk

Turkish Journal of Physics

The effect of temperature dependency on frequency factor and its relationship to trapping parameters is discussed by using the peak shape method. The coefficients appearing in the peak shape formula for the calculation of the activation energy have been determined and tabulated for the symmetry factor $\mu_g(X)$ for $x=0.50$ and 0.75 of the peak intensity. It is found that significant errors occur in the value of the trapping parameters if the temperature dependecy of the frequency factor is not consider.

Characterization Of Sb Doped Y Bacuo Superconducting Ceramics, K. Kocabaş, N. Kazanci, M. Tepe

Turkish Journal of Physics

In this study the structural characteristics of $Sb_2O_3$ doped $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ superconductive ceramics are investigated by electrical and XRD analyses. It is determined that, while in undoped specimens the value of $T_c$ is equal to 92 K, this value is negatively influenced by the addition of $Sb$. Structural phase results obtained from XRD analysis confirm the result obtained from the electrical measurements.

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Physics

No abstract provided.

Electro-Optic Response Of A Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Film, Rıdvan Karapinar

Turkish Journal of Physics

Polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films are potentially useful in electro-optic devices since they can be used for vision products. In this work the PDLC thin films were prepared by a photopolymerization induced phase separation method and electro-optic properties of the films were investigated.

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Physics

No abstract provided.

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Physics

No abstract provided.

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Physics

No abstract provided.

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Physics

No abstract provided.

Jam For Justice Holmes: Reassessing The Significance Of Mahon, William Michael Treanor

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

When courts and commentators discuss Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon, they use the same word with remarkable regularity: famous. Mahon has achieved this fame in part because it was the occasion for conflict between judicial giants, and because the result seems ironic. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.--the great Lochner dissenter and a jurist generally considered a champion of judicial deference to legislatures in the sphere of economic decision-making--wrote the opinion striking down a Pennsylvania statute barring coal mining that could cause the surface to cave-in. Sharply dissenting from Holmes's opinion was his consistent ally on the Court, Justice Louis …

Sexual Dis-Orientation: Transgendered People And Same-Sex Marriage, Mary I. Coombs

Articles

In this Article, Professor Coombs argues that the debate about same-sex marriage has wrongfully ignored transgendered people and their relationships. She provides an overview of arguments made by opponents of same-sex marriage, such as tradition, procreation, child-rearing, and family values. She then examines cases involving transsexual marriages and uses this analysis to deconstruct the same-sex marriage debate. Professor Coombs argues that an honest consideration of transgendered people and their relationships forces a re-evaluation of arguments against same-sex marriage and disrupts the gendered patriarchy on which traditional marriage rests. Marriage should be seen as a relationship between two people, regardless of …

A Complex-Systems Perspective On The “Computation Vs. Dynamics” Debate In Cognitive Science, Melanie Mitchell

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

I review the purported opposition between computational and dynamical approaches in cognitive science. I argue that both computational and dynamical notions will be necessary for a full explanatory account of cognition, and give a perspective on how recent research in complex systems can lead to a much needed rapprochement between computational and dynamical styles of explanation.