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1998

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A Cost Based Approach To Design Of Residential Steel Roof Systems, B. Mobasher, S-Y Chen, C. Young, S. D. Rajan Oct 1998

A Cost Based Approach To Design Of Residential Steel Roof Systems, B. Mobasher, S-Y Chen, C. Young, S. D. Rajan

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A comprehensive system for the design of residential steel roof truss systems is presented. The research involved three distinct stages. In the first stage, components of the truss systems were tested in order to determine their member properties subjected to axial force and bending moments. Finite element simulations of these tests were carried out to further verify the, calculations obtained using the AISI-LRFD code guidelines. The AlSI-LRFD code based design curves were used for the actual design, while the laboratory experiments and the finite element results provided additional checks and verification of the AlSI values. The second stage of the …

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Compressional Behaviour Of Stainless Steel Short Struts, M. Macdonald, J. Rhodes, G. T. Taylor Oct 1998

Compressional Behaviour Of Stainless Steel Short Struts, M. Macdonald, J. Rhodes, G. T. Taylor

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The effects of cold forming on both carbon steel and stainless steel structural members has been the subject of extensive research since the early 1940's. Design code specifications for carbon steel members have been published in many countries around the world, including BS 5950, Part 5 in the UK (1) the AlSI Specification in the USA (2), and the new Eurocode 3, Part 1.3 (3). For stainless steel members there are fewer design code specifications available, and those that are available, which include the ANSI/ASCE in the USA (4) and the new Eurocode 3, Part 1.4 (5), do not give …

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Analysis Of Hat Sections With Multiple Intermediate Longitudinal Stiffeners, V. V. Acharya, R. M. Schuster Oct 1998

Analysis Of Hat Sections With Multiple Intermediate Longitudinal Stiffeners, V. V. Acharya, R. M. Schuster

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper is the second paper by the authors on the subject of the behavior of cold formed steel hat sections in bending with multiple intermediate longitudinal stiffeners. The first paper, also contained in these Proceedings, deals with the test results only (Acharya and Schuster, 1998). Presented in this paper is the analysis associated with the test program that was conducted at the University of Waterloo. The main objective was to develop a consistently accurate and practical method of predicting the ultimate bending strength of sections that fail in overall plate buckling. Recent testing carried out by previous researchers indicates …

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Bending Tests Of Hat Sections With Multiple Longitudinal Stiffeners, V. V. Acharya, R. M. Schuster Oct 1998

Bending Tests Of Hat Sections With Multiple Longitudinal Stiffeners, V. V. Acharya, R. M. Schuster

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper is the first in a series of articles that report findings of the authors investigation into the behavior of cold formed steel hat sections in bending with multiple intermediate longitudinal stiffeners. Presented in this paper is the test program that was carried out at the University of Waterloo as part of a two year research program. It is known that sections with multiple intermediate stiffeners can fail either in a local sub-element buckling mode, or alternatively, can experience an overall plate buckling mode of failure. Although both failure modes were examined, the main objective was to develop a …

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Direct Strength Prediction Of Cold-Formed Steel Members Using Numerical Elastic Buckling Solutions, Benjamin W. Schafer, Teoman Pekoz Oct 1998

Direct Strength Prediction Of Cold-Formed Steel Members Using Numerical Elastic Buckling Solutions, Benjamin W. Schafer, Teoman Pekoz

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Current design of cold-formed steel members is unduly complicated, Part of this complication arises from the need to perform elastic buckling calculations by hand. Also, complications occur in determining the effective width and resulting effective properties of members. Further, as cross-sections become more optimized (e.g., through the introduction of longitudinal stiffeners) both the elastic buckling and effective width calculations become markedly more complex. In order to investigate alternatives to current design a large amount of experimental data on flexural members of varying geometry is collected. The use of numerical elastic buckling solutions for the entire member, is investigated as an …

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Web Crippling Of Cold Formed Steel Members, K. Prabakaran, R. M. Schuster Oct 1998

Web Crippling Of Cold Formed Steel Members, K. Prabakaran, R. M. Schuster

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A new design expression for web crippling of cold formed steel members has been developed. An extensive statistical analysis was performed using published test data from Canada, the United States, Sweden and France to develop new expressions for the web crippling strength of cold formed steel members under four different loading cases, i.e. (1) end one-flange loading (EOF), (2) interior one-flange loading (lOF), (3) end two-flange loading (ETF) and (4) interior two-flange loading (lTF). I-sections made of two channels connected back-to-back, Z-sections, channels and multiple web sections (decks) were considered. Comparisons were made with the web crippling expressions presented in …

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Web Crippling Of Single Web Cold Formed Steel Members Subjected To End One-Flange Loading, R. R. Gerges, R. M. Schuster Oct 1998

Web Crippling Of Single Web Cold Formed Steel Members Subjected To End One-Flange Loading, R. R. Gerges, R. M. Schuster

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Results of an extensive experimental investigation of the web crippling behavior of cold formed steel C-sections are presented. This study was devoted to the End One Flange, EOF, loading case, with particular emphasis on large inside bend radius to thickness ratios, (R = ri/t). Seventy-two C-sections with R values ranging between five and 10 were tested at the University of Waterloo. Comparing the experimental results with predictions using the current North American Cold Formed Steel Design Standards, considerable underestimation was observed. Using the same model of the design expression currently used in the Canadian Standard (S136-94), and including 164 test …

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Web Crippling Strength Of Members Using High-Strength Steels, Shaojie Wu, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube Oct 1998

Web Crippling Strength Of Members Using High-Strength Steels, Shaojie Wu, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A total of 148 web crippling tests were conducted using high-strength, low-ductility Structural Grade 80 of ASTM A653 steel (former ASTM A446 Grade E steel) and tests results were evaluated along with additional 114 web crippling tests which were reported in 1986 as part of a project on Design of Automotive Structural Components Using High-Strength Sheet Steels. Four loading conditions, namely End-One-Flange (EOF),lnterior-One-Flange (IOF), End-Two-Flange (ETF), and Interior-Two-Flange (ITF) conditions, were considered in the web crippling tests. Test results indicate that the tested ultimate loads for the four loading conditions were higher than the predicted loads using the AISI Specifications …

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Tests Of Cold-Formed Channel Columns, Ben Young, Kim J. R. Rasmussen Oct 1998

Tests Of Cold-Formed Channel Columns, Ben Young, Kim J. R. Rasmussen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The paper presents a series of tests on cold-formed plain and lipped channel columns, compressed between fixed and pinned ends. While it is well-known that local buckling of pin-ended channel columns induces overall bending, this phenomenon does not occur in fixed-ended channel columns which remain straight after local buckling and only bend when overall buckling occurs. These fundamentally different effects of local buckling on the behaviour of pin-ended and fixed-ended channel sections lead to inconsistencies in traditional design approaches, which account for full or partial rotational end restraint solely by using effective lengths. A series of tests was performed on …

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A European Design Code For Pallet Racking, M. H. R. Godley, J. Michael Davies Oct 1998

A European Design Code For Pallet Racking, M. H. R. Godley, J. Michael Davies

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The work leading to a European design code for pallet racking started almost 25 years ago. Many difficulties were encountered in the early days of this work. Notable were the absence of a consistent safety philosophy between the various countries of Europe and the existence of procedures with which the manufacturers were comfortable but which were potentially unsafe. There were also difficulties in defining acceptable standard. test procedures. The emergence of Eurocode 3, especially Part 1.3 dealing with cold formed sections, provided a new impetus to the work because here was a European code which provided the required basis for …

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Experimental Procedures For Stub Column Tests, Y. Pu, M. H. R. Godley, R. G. Beale Oct 1998

Experimental Procedures For Stub Column Tests, Y. Pu, M. H. R. Godley, R. G. Beale

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

In this paper a total of 36 stub columns was tested by two different experimental procedures, namely the FEM and AISI procedures, to investigate the difference in the ultimate load between these procedures. Of these 26 were carried out in the pin-ended condition according to FEM, the rest were in the fixed-end condition according to AlSI specification. It is shown that the failure loads obtained by the two experimental procedures were very close to each other. Both procedures worked well. The AISI procedure is recommended as the standard procedure.

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Frequently Asked Questions Concerning The Aisi Base Test And The Use Of The Aisi Anchorage Equations, Roger A. Laboube, Thomas M. Murray, Joe N. Nunnery, James M. Fisher Oct 1998

Frequently Asked Questions Concerning The Aisi Base Test And The Use Of The Aisi Anchorage Equations, Roger A. Laboube, Thomas M. Murray, Joe N. Nunnery, James M. Fisher

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The AISI Base Test Method was first introduced into the 1996 AISI Specification. Section C3.1.4 of the Specification provides a method for determining the nominal moment strength of a C- or Z- section under gravity load in the plane parallel to the web with the top flange supporting a standing seam roof system. A standing seam roof system is defined as a roof system in which the side laps between the roof panels or deck are arranged in a vertical position above the roof line, and the roof panel system is secured to the purlins by means of concealed hold …

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Rotational Stiffnesses Of Semi-Rigid Baseplates, X. Feng, M. H. R. Godley, R. G. Beale Oct 1998

Rotational Stiffnesses Of Semi-Rigid Baseplates, X. Feng, M. H. R. Godley, R. G. Beale

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The paper describes a test procedure to determine the rotational stiffnesses and moment-curvature relationships of semi-rigid baseplates of cold-formed structures. The influence of the modulus of the foundation subgrade on baseplate performance is determined. Increasing the axial load applied to a baseplate is shown to increase the ultimate moment-rotation capacity of a baseplate.

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Fire Resistance On Bearing Wall Using Steel & Gypsum, In-Kyu Kwon, Kwang Choi, Jee Nam-Yong Oct 1998

Fire Resistance On Bearing Wall Using Steel & Gypsum, In-Kyu Kwon, Kwang Choi, Jee Nam-Yong

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The conventional loadbearing wall systems generally used in Korea are composed of concrete and brick. Which materials have many defaults like long-term construction period and cost increase. Recently in us, a rapid increase in the usage of cold-formed steel section in housing and commercial building construction can widely be seen. The loadbearing wall assembly composed of light gauge-steel and gypsum board can preferably be applied to residential and commercial building of 5 stories or below. In order that light-gauge steel framing can be prevalently introduced in our domestic housing market, the wall assembly must have sufficient fire-resistant performance. Fire-resistant tests …

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Study On Light-Gauge Steel Roof Trusses With Rosette Connections, Pentti Makelainen, Jyrki Kesti, Olli Kaitila, Kimmo J. Sahramaa Oct 1998

Study On Light-Gauge Steel Roof Trusses With Rosette Connections, Pentti Makelainen, Jyrki Kesti, Olli Kaitila, Kimmo J. Sahramaa

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper describes the Rosette-joining system and its possibilities in roof-truss structures in the span range of 8 to 12 meters (26 to 39 ft). The test programme that was carried out to verify the behaviour of the Rosette-joint and the thin-walled sections is described. The test results are given and analysed where they currently exist. The results are compared with values calculated according to the 1996 U.S. (AISI) [3] code supported by a distortional buckling analysis according to the Australian / New Zealand Standard (AS) [4] and FE Analysis results.

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Testing Of Cold Formed Steel Floor Joists With Bearing Stiffeners, Reynaud M. Schuster, S. R. Fox Oct 1998

Testing Of Cold Formed Steel Floor Joists With Bearing Stiffeners, Reynaud M. Schuster, S. R. Fox

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The application of lightweight steel framing (LSF) in residential construction has been growing in the past few years and is bringing forth some issues in Cold Formed Steel Design Specifications that need to be addressed. The area of interest of this paper is the requirement for bearing stiffeners in both the CSA-SI36(1) Standard and the AISI(2) Specification. Specifically, both of these documents require that all cross-sectional elements of a bearing stiffener must be fully effective. This restriction is difficult to meet in practice since almost all LSF members are subject to local buckling, hence are no longer fully effective. A …

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A Study On The Flexural Behavior Of Profiled Composite Beams, Gu Rok Yang, Yong Seo Hwang, Young Bong Kwon Oct 1998

A Study On The Flexural Behavior Of Profiled Composite Beams, Gu Rok Yang, Yong Seo Hwang, Young Bong Kwon

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

An analytical study on the behavior of composite beams, which are composed of cold-formed steel sheeting and normal strength concrete, is described. An analytical method to trace the nonlinear behavior of a composite beam is developed to include the nonlinear material properties of steel sheeting, reinforcing steel bar and concrete. However, since the method is complex and tedious to use, two simple formulas for the nonlinear moment-curvature relation of the composite beam have been proposed. A simple power model, which has been originally used to predict the flexural capacity of the beam to column connections, is proposed as the first …

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Cold-Formed Shear Connectors For Composite Constructions, Maximiliano Malite, Walter A. Nimir, Jose Jairo De Sales, Roberto Martins Goncalves Oct 1998

Cold-Formed Shear Connectors For Composite Constructions, Maximiliano Malite, Walter A. Nimir, Jose Jairo De Sales, Roberto Martins Goncalves

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Construction employing composite steel-concrete structures has been increasingly applied in building and bridge structures, and solutions involving cold-formed profiles have recently appeared which, in many cases, have resulted in reduced costs. Because constructions using composite steel-concrete structures, involving cold-formed profiles, are not covered by current Brazilian Codes, it is necessary to investigate the issue. This paper, therefore, presents the results of an experimental analysis (24 push-out tests) made for two types of connectors: U-profile and angle, with two plate thicknesses: 2.65 mm and 4.76 mm, evaluating their strength and their load-slip behavior. The tests were performed on test specimens adapted …

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Accelerated Test Development For Coil-Coated Steel Building Panels, K. M. Lawson, H. H. Lawson, H. E. G. Rommal, A. C. Tiburcio Oct 1998

Accelerated Test Development For Coil-Coated Steel Building Panels, K. M. Lawson, H. H. Lawson, H. E. G. Rommal, A. C. Tiburcio

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper discusses the experimental design and the preliminary findings of an ongoing project designed to establish an accelerated laboratory test that would rank coating system performance the same as their performance in atmospheric exposure. A total of ten materials are included in the program: four substrates each with two coating systems and one substrate with two additional coating systems. Samples were installed at four atmospheric exposure sites: Middletown, OH, Daytona Beach, FL, Monroeville, PA, and Halifax, NS, Canada. Three different orientations were utilized at each of the exposure sites and a variety of building panel features were included on …

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Ductility Measurements Of Thin G550 Sheet Steels, Colin A. Rogers, Gregory J. Hancock Oct 1998

Ductility Measurements Of Thin G550 Sheet Steels, Colin A. Rogers, Gregory J. Hancock

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Cold formed structural members are fabricated from sheet steels which must meet various material requirements prescribed in applicable national design standards. These requirements ensure that; I) stress concentrations can be redistributed and 2) members and connections can undergo a minimum amount of displacement without a loss in structural performance. The Australian / New Zealand, AS/NZS 4600, and both North American, CSA-S136 and AlSI, Cold Formed Steel Design Standards allow for the use of thin (t < O.9mm), high strength (fy = 550MPa) sheet steels if the yield stress and ultimate strength are reduced to 75% of their minimum specified values. This paper provides a summary of results detailing the ductility and net cross-section tensile resistance of G550 sheet steels (to Australian Standard AS 1397) tested as solid and perforated coupons. Material properties of the test specimens are compared wIth the Dhalla and Winter requirements for ductility and ultimate strength to yield stress ratio. limit states tensile design equations are calibrated according to procedures defmed by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AlSI) Commentary.

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Technique And Qualities Of Beams With Expanded Metal Sections, M. Hellsten Oct 1998

Technique And Qualities Of Beams With Expanded Metal Sections, M. Hellsten

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The rotary expander technique can be used for manufacturing Lattice framework from a single strip of sheet metal by integrating expanded metal with solid sheet. This technique can be used to distribute the material in a tubular, or open profile to where it's best needed. Valuable qualities possible to are: - low weight and optimal strength - low energy transmission (noise and heat) - soft deformation and favorable energy absorbing properties - good fatigue resistance - high flexibility in design and product qualities These qualities are useful in applications like: - light and strong steel framing systems for buildings - …

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Bearing Design Of Thin Sheet Steel Screwed Connections, Colin A. Rogers, Gregory J. Hancock Oct 1998

Bearing Design Of Thin Sheet Steel Screwed Connections, Colin A. Rogers, Gregory J. Hancock

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The 1996 Australian / New Zealand AS/NZS 4600 and North American; CSA-S136, AISI Cold Formed Steel Design Standards allow for the use of thin (t < 0.9 mm in AS/NZS 4600), high strength (fy = 550 MPa) sheet steels if the yield stress and ultimate strength are reduced to 75% of their minimum specified values. At present, these reduced material properties must be used in the design of screwed connections which undergo bearing and bearing/tilting failure. Previous research has illustrated the need for design standards to include a gradated bearing coefficient method to account for the behaviour of thin high strength sheet steels, instead of a gross reduction in material properties. This paper provides a summary of results detailing the behaviour of screwed connections tested in shear which have failed in the bearing and bearing/tilting modes. Recommendations concerning the adequacy of current design standards with respect to a proposed formulation which can be used to more accurately predict the shear resistance of screwed connections which fail in the bearing and bearing/tilting modes are presented.

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Behaviour Of Thin G550 Sheet Steel Screwed Connections, Colin A. Rogers, Gregory J. Hancock Oct 1998

Behaviour Of Thin G550 Sheet Steel Screwed Connections, Colin A. Rogers, Gregory J. Hancock

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper provides a summary of results detailing the behaviour of screwed connections tested in shear, which were composed of thin G550 and G300 sheet steels (to the 1993 Australian Standard AS 1397). Recommendations concerning the adequacy of current design standards with respect to the design of thin sheet steel screwed connections are made.

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The Parthenon, October 15, 1998, Marshall University Oct 1998

The Parthenon, October 15, 1998, Marshall University

The Parthenon

No abstract provided.

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Spectator 1998-10-15, Editors Of The Spectator Oct 1998

Spectator 1998-10-15, Editors Of The Spectator

The Spectator

No abstract provided.

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Campus Chronicle (Vol. 1, No. 7), Valparaiso University Oct 1998

Campus Chronicle (Vol. 1, No. 7), Valparaiso University

Campus Chronicle

No abstract provided.

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Kenyon Collegian - October 29, 1998 Oct 1998

Kenyon Collegian - October 29, 1998

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

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The Ticker, October 14, 1998 Oct 1998

The Ticker, October 14, 1998

The Ticker

The Ticker is the student newspaper of Baruch College. It has been published continuously since 1932, when the Baruch College campus was the School of Business and Civic Administration of the City College of New York.

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Banner News, Zach Evans, Jay Cue, Lorraine Powell, Brent West, Bob Eschliman, Jaret Morlan, Chad Lowe, Elizabeth Osting Oct 1998

Banner News, Zach Evans, Jay Cue, Lorraine Powell, Brent West, Bob Eschliman, Jaret Morlan, Chad Lowe, Elizabeth Osting

Banner News

No abstract provided.

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Volume 90 Issue 6, Southwestern Oklahoma State University Oct 1998

Volume 90 Issue 6, Southwestern Oklahoma State University

The Southwestern - Archive

No abstract provided.

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