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Social And Biological Aspects Of Non-Native Red Fox Management In California, Jeffrey C. Lewis, Kevin L. Sallee, Richard T. Golightly Jr., Ronald M. Jurek

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

Since the late 1800s, non-native red foxes have been introduced in California for fur farming and fox hunting. Dispersal, population growth, and extensive translocations by humans have aided the expansion of the nonnative fox population throughout many of the lowland and coastal areas of the state. Since the 1980s, non-native red foxes have been recognized as predators of a number of endangered species. Trapping and euthanizing non-native red foxes have been used as methods to protect these endangered species, but have been opposed by some members of the public. Opposition by animal rights groups to red fox trapping and euthanization …

Conference Participants

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

The number of registered attendees was 409. The participants came from 31 states, the District of Columbia, and from 6 other countries. The wide representation from the United States and countries throughout the world contributed to the success of the Conference by providing a highly knowledgeable and diversified group for the exchange of research progress, new ideas, and information on a wide range of vertebrate pest topics.

Are Barn Owls A Biological Control For Gophers? Evaluating Effectiveness In Vineyards And Orchards, Thomas Moore, Dirk Van Vuren, Chuck Ingels

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

Several rodent species cause damage in vineyards and orchards. Current efforts to reduce chemicals used to control rodents are encouraging development of alternative practices, such as biological control. For several years growers in California have been installing artificial owl nest boxes to attract barn owls with the hope of reducing rodents, especially gophers, through predation. Effectiveness of barn owls as biological control of gophers in vineyards and orchards is unknown. The purpose of the study was to use growers surveys and diet analysis to assess the effectiveness of installing barn owl nest boxes to control gophers. Surveys of growers that …

Recent Norway Rats Studies Using Warfarin, Richard M. Poche

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

Warfarin resistance in the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) has been studied over the past 30 years. To determine the status of this resistance phenomenon wild Norway rats were collected from Colorado and Chicago, Illinois. As reported previously, warfarin resistance in the Chicago area exceeds 50%, while rats from Colorado remain very susceptible to warfarin. The theory that true genetic resistance may not exist was examined, implying that geographic variation in intestinal flora contribute to the rapid degradation of warfarin after ingestion, along with production of sufficient Vitamin K in the bacteria to reverse the effect of warfarin. Antibiotics …

Control Of Rats Resistant To Second-Generation Anticoagulant Rodenticides, Roger J. Quy, Alan D. Macnicoll, David P. Cowan

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

Second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides were introduced to control Norway rats that had become resistant to first-generation compounds. Unfortunately, some rats have become resistant to these as well. The lack of alternative rodenticides with the same attributes of ease of use and relative safety is potentially a serious problem should resistance become so widespread that anticoagulants are no longer effective. However, the second-generation anticoagulants difenacoum and bromadiolone can still be effective provided most rats in a population possess only a low degree of resistance to them. Measures that maximize the uptake of bait, such as using the most palatable formulation, baiting burrows …

Rabbit Calicivirus: Update On A New Biological Control For Pest Rabbits In Australia, Peter O'Brien, Sandra Thomas

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

Rabbit calicivirus disease (RCD), also known as rabbit haemorrhagic disease, is being used to control wild rabbits in Australia. Deliberate release of RCD followed extensive non-target animal and human testing and consideration of some 472 submissions. A national monitoring and surveillance program is in place to quantify the impact of RCD on rabbits, rabbit damage, predators, competitors, and ecosystems. Preliminary data suggest wide spatial variation in RCD impact, from no observable effect to > 90% mortality and marked response in competitors and vegetation. This paper provides an overview of rabbit impact in Australia, details of the considerations and testing that preceded …

Wildlife Damage And Control Research And Extension Programs: Cost Recovery Strategies, Terrell P. Salmon

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

This paper discusses cost recovery strategies for vertebrate pest control research and extension programs. It gives an historical background using California examples about how these programs have been supported in the past. Current situations and future trends in supporting research and extension in the vertebrate pest area are also discussed.

Twenty-Five Years Of Managing Birds Associated With Buildings At The University Of California, Berkeley, Arthur J. Slater

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

Information concerning 19 species of birds associated with 28 buildings on the University of California at Berkeley campus has been collected for 25 years. Sixteen species are included under three minor associations (temporary roosters, building invaders, and species that nest on (or in) buildings in small numbers). Barn owls and ravens have caused intense, though localized problems. Two additional species (cliff swallows and feral pigeons) have caused major problems. Feral pigeons have caused the most difficult problems to resolve. Case histories are used to describe problems associated with these birds, and control strategies for them. Cooper's hawks have nested in …

Management Of Red Squirrel Feeding Damage To Lodgepole Pine By Stand Density Manipulation And Diversionary Food, Thomas P. Sullivan

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

The red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) feeds on the vascular tissues of sapling lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) during spring periods in forests of interior British Columbia and Alberta, Canada. This damage may lead to mortality and reduced growth of crop trees in managed stands. Manipulation of stand density by pre-commercial thinning to densities < 1,000 stems/ha is an effective method to lower squirrel populations and feeding damage. Lowering stand density enhances the growth of crop trees, and understory herbs and shrubs as wildlife habitat, while protecting trees from squirrel feeding. This approach has been successful in several forest ecological zones. An alternative management tool is provision of diversionary food (sunflower seed) for those stands susceptible to feeding damage, and where stand thinning has already been completed. Diversionary food can be applied aerially and is very cost effective for protecting managed stands. These techniques may be used to maintain or even enhance species diversity of small mammal communities in those forest stands requiring protection.

Conservation Implications Of Feral Pigs In Island And Mainland Ecosystems, And A Case Study Of Feral Pig Expansion In California, Rick A. Sweitzer

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

Feral pigs (Sus scrofa) are an exotic ungulate which have been widely introduced worldwide with multiple ecosystem and economic consequences. The author conducted a semi-comprehensive literature review directed at identifying the current state of knowledge related to the effects of feral pigs on island and mainland plant and animal communities. Also, the author describes the situation in California where feral pigs that were introduced in the late 1700s are now widespread due to hunting-related introductions and natural range extensions. Feral pigs on predator-free oceanic islands are a serious conservation problem because they attain high densities and have contributed …

Changes In Wild Pig Depredation In California: A New Law, Douglas Updike

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are exotic large mammals inhabiting much of California. The foraging behavior (rooting) of these prolific animals disturbs soil much like rototilling. This disruptive behavior is a major point of contention for public land managers and private landowners, especially owners of small parcels of private land.

Wild pigs are lawfully defined as game mammals (Section 3950, Fish and Game Code). As such, no part of a wild pig that would normally be eaten by humans can be legally left to waste in the field (Section 4304, Fish and Game Code). There are provisions (Sections 4181 …

Manipulating Habitat Quality To Manage Vertebrate Pests, Dirk Van Vuren

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

Wildlife damage management has often emphasized density reduction through lethal means. In addition to facing increasing regulatory and social restrictions, this approach also faces ecological problems; density reduction without a concomitant decrease in carrying capacity may only stimulate density-dependent responses that quickly return population densities to pre-control levels. Consequently, habitat manipulation, either to reduce pest density or to divert the pest away from the commodity, has been pursued as an alternative. Habitat manipulation has proven effective in some circumstances and appears promising in others, but the approach is limited by our ability to identify limiting resources or highly preferred foods …

Will Continued Monitoring Of Beaver Damaged Resources Minimize Future Damage?, Ben S. Wilson, Gary M. Mcewen

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

The purpose of this study was to determine if continued monitoring and removal of beavers (Castor canadensis) from previously controlled beaver damage sites resulted in less additional damage than not monitoring such sites. Beavers were removed from 34 sites in nine southeast Texas counties from August 1996 through March 1997. Sixteen sites subsequently were monitored monthly and, if beavers had reinvaded, they were removed and the additional damage value was recorded. The remaining 18 sites were not monitored monthly, but they were visited for a final survey at the end of the study. The value of additional damage was …

Not All Sigmodontine Rodents In The Sugarcane Fields In Coastal Veracruz, Mexico, Are Pests, Beatriz Villa C, William Lopez-Forment, Martha Villa C, Colin V. Prescott

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

Rats and mice have traditionally been considered one of the most important pests of sugarcane. However, "control" campaigns are rarely specific to the target species, and can have an affect on local wildlife, in particular nonpest rodent species. The objective of this study was to distinguish between rodent species that are pests and those that are not, and to identify patterns of food utilization by the rodents in the sugarcane crop complex. Within the crop complex, subsistence crops like maize, sorghum, rice, and bananas, which are grown alongside the sugarcane, are also subject to rodent damage. Six native rodent species …

Inter-And Intraspecific Interaction Rates Of Three Species Of Lemurs (Subfamily Lemurinae) In An Enclosure At The Memphis Zoo And Aquarium, Stephen J. Mullin

Faculty Publications

The use of mixed-species exhibits in zoological parks may influence the types and rates of interactions between individuals housed in such enclosures. Inter-and intraspecific behavioral interactions were observed for three species of lemurs (ring-tailed lemur, Lemur catta; black lemur, Eulemur macaco macaco; and black-and-white ruffed leumur, Varecia variegata variegata; in an enclosure designed to simulate characteristics of their natural habitat. Intraspecific interactions occurred more frequently than interspecific interactions, and little aggression was observed, either between or within species. Intraspecific interactions among black lemurs increased with decreasing ambient temperature. Black lemurs performed more intraspecific mutual contacts than either agonistic behaviors or …

The Foraging Ecology Of The Gray Rat Snake (Elaphe Obsoleta Spiloides)-Visual Stimuli Facilitate Location Of Arboreal Prey, Robert J. Cooper, Stephen J. Mullin

Faculty Publications

We examined the responsiveness of adult gray rat snakes to avian prey in enclosures that simulated natural habitat conditions. Subjects searched for arboreal nest contents in the presence or absence of a bird model flown so as to simulate avian provisioning behavior. In the absence of the model, gray rat snake latency to capture prey was over 92 % greater than when searching for nest contents with the model. Snakes responded to model flight by turning their heads in the direction of its movement. We conclude that gray rat snakes perceive relatively distant visual cues from prey, and that nest …

Freedom Of Speech - How Does The New York State Constitution Compare To The United States Constitution?, Eileen Kaufman, Leon Friedman

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.

Graduate Record 1998: Only U, Southwestern Oklahoma State University

SWOSU Yearbooks

This was your graduation year. Only you could have done it. This was your school; you chose it over dozens of others. You picked your major, your classes and your friends.
Memories are what this book is all about. These pages contain memories of the life you lived at Southwestern.

This is all about you.

Endangered And Threatened Animals Of Utah, Terry Messmer, Marilet Zablan, Boyde Blackwell, Athena Menses, Frank Howe, Leo Lentsch, Richard Drake

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

The Cutting Edge, June/Jule 1998, Vol. 9 Issue 3, The Society Of American Fight Directors

The Cutting Edge

No abstract provided.

Cclhp: Cases As Csv, Newton Key, Mark Voss-Hubbard, Chris Waldrep, Michael Kroll

Coles County Legal History

Fields included: case_number Incident Date File Date Settlement Date Location Case Type Dollar Amount Issue Outcome Ancillary Matters Memo Transcribed Additional Information Marked Last Modified

Genetic Variation Among Populations Of River Otters In North America: Considerations For Reintroducing Projects, Thomas L. Serfass, Robert P. Brooks, James M. Novak, Paul E. Johns, Olin E. Rhodes Jr.

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used to assess variability at 23 presumptive gene loci of 732 river otters obtained from fur-trappers in 18 states and three Canadian provinces. States and provinces providing otters were sorted into eight geographic regions for genetic comparisons. Multilocus heterozygosity and polymorphism ranged from 0.018 to 0.032 and 0.044 to 0.087, respectively. One locus, esterase-2, (EST-2) demonstrated a high level of polymorphism throughout all regions. Malate dehydrogenase-1 (MDH-1) was polymorphic throughout the Mississippi drainage but not elsewhere. Heterozygosity, occurrence of rare alleles, and mean number of alleles per locus were associated positively with estimated population sizes. …

1998 Annual Report, Library Services

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Land Use Conflicts On The Urban Fringe: Causes And Potential Resolution, 1998, James C. Hite 1941-

Publications

No abstract provided.

Uab Magazine - Summer 1998, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

UAB Magazine

No abstract provided.

Unrelieved Pain And Distress In Animals: An Analysis Of Usda Data On Experimental Procedures, Martin Stephens, Philip Mendoza, Adrianna Weaver, Tamara Hamilton

Experimentation Collection

Pain and distress are core issues in the field of animal experimentation and in the controversy that surrounds it. We sought to add to the empirical base of the literature on pain and distress by examining government data on experimental procedures that caused unrelieved pain and distress (UPAD) in animals. Of the species regulated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), most of the approximately 100,000 animals subjected to UP AD during the year analyzed (1992) were guinea pigs and hamsters. Most of these animals were used in industry laboratories for various testing procedures, primarily vaccine potency testing. We discuss …

Psychology's Use Of Animals: Current Practices And Attitudes, Kenneth J. Shapiro

Experimentation Collection

In this chapter, I present a psychology primer for the uninitiated, with special emphasis on psychology's uses of animals. After sketching the scope of the field generally, I review available data on present numbers and species of animals used in psychological research, level of suffering induced and current trends. I also provide several concrete examples of psychological research involving animals. Finally, the chapter concludes with a presentation of attitudes of psychologists toward animals and these practices.

Attitudes And Dispositional Optimism Of Animal Rights Demonstrators, Shelley L. Galvin, Harold A. Herzog

Animal Welfare Collection

Mail-in surveys were distributed to animal activists attending the 1996 March for the Animals. Age and gender demographic characteristics of the 209 activists who participated in the study were similar to those of the 1990 March for the Animals demonstrators. Most goals of the animal rights movement were judged to be moderately to critically important, although beliefs about their chances of being realized varied considerably. Movement tactics judged to be least effective included the liberation of laboratory animals and the harassment of researchers. Education was seen as being a particularly important instrument of future social change. Demonstrators' scores on the …

‘Pleasures’, ‘Pains’ And Animal Welfare: Toward A Natural History Of Affect, D. Fraser, I. J.H. Duncan

Animal Welfare Collection

In hedonic theories of motivation, 'motivational affective states' (MASs) are typically seen as adaptations which motivate certain types of behaviour, especially in situations where a flexible or learned response is more adaptive than a rigid or reflexive one. MASs can be negative (eg unpleasant feelings of hunger or pain) or positive (eg pleasant feelings associated with eating and playing). Hedonic theories often portray negative and positive MASs as opposite ends of a one-dimensional scale.

We suggest that natural selection has favoured negative and positive affect as separate processes to solve two different types of motivational problems. We propose that negative …

Contested Moralities: Animals And Moral Value In The Dear/Symanski Debate, William S. Lynn

Human and Animal Bonding Collection

Geography is experiencing a ‘moral turn’ in its research interests and practices. There is also a flourishing interest in animal geographies that intersects this turn, and is concurrent with wider scholarly efforts to reincorporate animals and nature into our ethical and social theories. This article intervenes in a dispute between Michael Dear and Richard Symanski. The dispute is over the culling of wild horses in Australia, and I intervene to explore how geography deepens our moral understanding of the animal/human dialectic. I begin by situating the inquiry into ethics and animals in geography. Next, I provide a synopsis of Dear …