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High-Dose Vitamin A Supplementation And Immune Response To Influenza A Viral Pneumonia In Balb/C Mice, Dongming Cui

All ETDs from UAB

To investigate the importance of high dose vitamin A in the immune response and regulatory function of T helper (Th) cells to influenza A viral pneumonia, BALB/c mice were fed a high dose vitamin A diet (250,000 IU/kg diet) or a control diet (4,000 IU/kg diet) and then were intranasally inoculated with influenza A virus under light anesthesia at 7 weeks of age. The effect of these diets on vitamin A status (serum and liver retinol concentrations), severity of disease (survival and weight loss), virus replication, the antibody response to infection (serum IgG and salivary IgA), and on cytokine production …

The Epidemics Of Injecting Drug Use And Blood-Borne Disease: A Public Health Perspective, Lawrence O. Gostin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

In this article, the author first examines the mechanism by which blood-borne disease is transmitted through sharing of injection equipment. Thereafter, he presents a public health strategy for reducing multi-person use of contaminated injection equipment. This strategy includes: repealing or modifying current laws and regulations making possession and distribution of sterile injection equipment a criminal offense; implementing syringe exchange programs to expand access to new syringes for users of injection drugs; and counseling, education, and treatment targeted to injecting drug users (IDUs), including those in the prison and health care system. The objective of a public health approach is not …

Using A Rapid Assessment Approach To Evaluate The Quality Of Care In An Integrated Program: The Experience Of The Family Health Division, Ministry Of Health, Botswana, Lucy Sejo Maribe, Baker Ndugga Maggwa, Ian Askew, Kate Miller

Reproductive Health

To strengthen existing efforts by the Government of Botswana in responding to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, USAID provided financial and technical assistance through the Botswana Population Assistance (BOTSPA) project. BOTSPA’s goal was to improve the quality and availability of family planning (FP) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) services through designing, implementing, and monitoring activities that would lead to the eventual institutionalization and sustainability of high-quality FP and STI/HIV/AIDS services. The Ministry of Health requested assistance from the Africa OR/TA Project II to develop and test an approach for routinely measuring the quality of service delivery and assessing skills retention by staff …

Improved Reproductive Health And Std Services For Women Presenting To Family Planning Services In North Jakarta. Final Report Of Activities, Meiwita B. Iskandar, Catherine Vickers, Subadra Indrawati, Siti Nurul Qomariyah

Reproductive Health

The overall goal of this study was to develop an integrated program of reproductive tract infection/sexually transmitted disease (RTI/STD) clinical services within two family planning clinics in low-income neighborhoods in North Jakarta. Multiple training programs to introduce a standardized clinical evaluation for the detection, treatment, and management of RTI/STDs were conducted. Prior and subsequent to training, observations of health care provider (HCP) and client interactions were conducted to evaluate behavior changes among HCPs. Each consenting client received a standardized reproductive health history, a pelvic exam, and provided specimens for laboratory testing to detect RTIs. Through universal screening of the participants …

Reproductive Behavior Among Muslims In Uttar Pradesh, M.E. Khan, Bella C. Patel

Reproductive Health

Muslims form the largest minority group in India, according to the 1991 census, constituting about 12 percent of the country's population. India has the second largest Muslim population in the world. The growth rate of the Muslim population in India during the last three decades is somewhat higher than the non-Muslim population. The present paper, based on a large sample survey carried out in Uttar Pradesh, India, compares the reproductive behavior of Hindus and Muslims. An attempt has been made to examine the determinants of their differential fertility and family planning behavior.

Washington University School Of Medicine Bulletin, 1997-1998

Washington University School of Medicine Bulletins

No abstract provided.

Presence Of Hantavirus In Small Mammals Of The Ouachita Mountains, Roger W. Perry, Ronald E. Thill, Philip A. Tappe, M. Anthony Melchiors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Healthcare Workers' Attitudes And Compliance With Universal Precautions: Gender, Occupation, And Specialty Differences, Donna B. Jeffe, Mutha Sunita, Paul B. L'Ecuyer, Lynn E. Kim, Renee B. Singal, Bradley A. Evanoff, Victoria J. Fraser

Occupational and Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Session Law 97-237, Florida Senate & House Of Representatives

Staff Analyses & Legislative Documents

No abstract provided.

Examination Of A Cumulative Strategies Model For Drug Abuse Prevention: Risk Factor Reduction In High-Risk Children., Kimberly Ann Horn

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A Cumulative Strategies Model for drug abuse prevention employs a process by which two or more drug abuse prevention strategies are used conjointly, such that each strategy targets two or more factors that place children at high risk for drug abuse. This model was examined using an innovative multiple component program called CHOICES. CHOICES emphasizes the reduction of risk factors that are characteristic of a high risk population of children of alcoholics and predictive of drug abuse. Using a repeated measures multiple baseline design, the results of this study revealed that the Cumulative Strategies Model inherent to the CHOICES program …

Emerging And Reemerging Infectious Diseases: Challenges For International, National, And State Law, David P. Fidler, David L. Heymann, Stephen M. Ostroff, Terry P. O'Brien

The International Lawyer

No abstract provided.

Study Of The Intensification Of Agriculture In The Taos District Of New Mexico And Its Physical Effects Over Time| A Comparison Of Adult Stature And Dental Health Between Two Populations Of Prehistoric Native Americans, Erin K. Driskell

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Study Of Subadult Long Bone Growth Between An Early Archaic Population (Windover) And A Late Archaic Population (Indian Knoll), Sunday A. Walker

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 74, No. 4, 1997)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

The History Of The Present Illness As Treatment: Who's Listening, And Why Does It Matter?, Herbert M. Adler, Md, Phd

Department of Family & Community Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The history of the present illness (HPI) is examined as a narrative communication that has the potential to be therapeutic.

METHODS: The general principles that influence the therapeutic potential of the HPI are induced from participant observation of personal experience and natural observations of conventional social interaction. These principles are corroborated by evidence from cross-cultural healing practices, clinical experience, and experimental psychology.

RESULTS: To facilitate a therapeutic HPI, the clinician should convey a sense of safety, sensitivity, affective competence, and cognitive competence. Furthermore, the effective clinician joins the patient in coprocessing the illness experience.

CONCLUSIONS: The (HPI) is not …

Phosphorylation Within The Amino-Terminal Acidic Domain I Of The Phosphoprotein Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Is Required For Transcription But Not For Replication, Asit K. Pattnaik, Leroy Hwang, Tong Le, Nathan Englund, Manjula Mathur, Tapas Das, Amiya Banerjee

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Phosphorylation by casein kinase II at three specific residues (S-60, T-62, and S-64) within the acidic domain I of the P protein of Indiana serotype vesicular stomatitis virus has been shown to be critical for in vitro transcription activity of the viral RNA polymerase (P-L) complex. To examine the role of phosphorylation of P protein in transcription as well as replication in vivo, we used a panel of mutant P proteins in which the phosphate acceptor sites in domain I were substituted with alanines or other amino acids. Analyses of the alanine-substituted mutant P proteins for the ability to support …

Parasite Biodiversity And Emerging Pathogens: A Role For Systematics In Limiting Impacts On Genetic Resources, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Emergence of pathogenic organisms continues as a threat to overall biodiversity and genetic resources. Macroparasites including helminths constitute a potential threat to economically important resources in agriculture and conservation biology. Limitation of this threat can be achieved through survey and inventory for biodiversity and the application of systematics to understand the host range , biogeography and history of faunas. Systematics constitutes the foundation for recognition of endemic and introduced elements of faunas and the basis for predicting the behavior of pathogens introduced to new ecological settings or host groups. The basis for emergence of pathogens has both a deep historical …

Isoelectric Focusing Of Soluble Proteins In The Characterization Of Species And Isolates Of Nematodirus (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea), Lora G. Rickard, Eric P. Hoberg, Donna M. Mulrooney, Gary L. Zimmerman

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Isoelectric focusing was performed on extracts from Nematodirus spathiger, Nematodirus filicollis, Nematodirus helvetianus, and three geographic isolates of Nematodirus battus. Gender-specific differences were noted within species; however, the overall protein profile of each species and isolate was distinct and reproducible and allowed unequivocal differentiation. A coefficient of similarity (Sm) for males of each species and isolate was calculated, and a dendrogram, based on evaluation of Sm by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means, was produced. Although cluster analysis of the three isolates of N. battus indicates the North American and Weybridge isolates are similar, interpretation …

Genetic Susceptibility Of Cultured Shrimp (Penaeus Vannamei) To Infectious Hypodermal And Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus And Baculovirus Penaei: Possible Relationship With Growth Status And Metabolic Gene Expression, Acacia Alcivar-Warren, Robin M. Overstreet, Arun K. Dhar, Keith Astrofsky, William H. Carr, James Sweeney, Jeffrey M. Lotz

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Offspring of four crosses (I, II, III, and IV) of Penaeus vannamei from known high- and low-growth families were challenged with infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) and Baculovirus penaei (BP) to compare their susceptibility to these viral agents and examine the genetic component involved in disease resistance or susceptibility. Family crosses were made using broodstock from five families developed by the U.S. Marine Shrimp Farming Program. The prevalence of IHHNV infection was highest in cross I and lowest in cross III. Cross I was developed using male and female broodstock from the low-growth family 1.6, and cross III …

Paradigm Shifts And Tapeworm Systematics, Eric P. Hoberg, Scott Lyell Gardner, Ronald A. Campbell

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The phylogeny of tapeworms provided the focus for the 2nd International Workshop for Tapeworm Systematics, which led to the development of novel hypotheses from the ordinal to the species level for taxa of the Eucestoda. Conceptual roots for this meeting ema­nated from discussions initiated during the Ist Workshop chaired by Claude Vaucher and Jean Mariaux at the Museum of Natural History, Geneva in 1993.

Coccidia From Bats (Chiroptera) Of The World: A New Eimeria Species In Pipistrellus Javanicus From Japan, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Fecal samples from 56 Japanese bats representing 6 species in 2 families were examined for coccidian oocysts. Two of the 56 (< 4%) were infected with coccidia; however, only 1 animal was infected with sufficient numbers of sporulated oocysts to allow the description of a new species of Eimeria. Sporulated oocysts (n = 150) of this new species are subspheroidal, 20.3 x 18.1 (16-25 x 14-21) μm, with ellipsoidal sporocysts 10.6 x 6.6 (8-12 x 5-8) μm; this species occurred in 1 of 4 (25%) pipistrelles, Pipistrellus javanicus (Gray, 1838) (Vespertilionidae). Oocysts of another coccidium, also an Eimeria sp., were found in 1 of 3 (33%) horseshoe bats, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774) (Rhinolophidae), but only 2 sporulated oocysts were seen, which is not enough …

Parasitological Data As Monitors Of Environmental Health, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

When an appropriate fish host is selected, analysis of its parasites offers a useful, reliable, economical, telescoped indication or monitor of environmental health. The value of that information increases when corroborated by another non-parasitological technique. The analysis of parasites is not necessarily simple because not all hosts serve as good models and because the number of species, presence of specific species, intensity of infections, life histories of species, location of species in hosts, and host response for each parasitic species have to be addressed individually to assure usefulness of the tool. Also, different anthropogenic contaminants act in a distinct manner …

Parasitological Data As Monitors Of Environmental Health, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

When an appropriate fish host is selected, analysis of its parasites offers a useful, reliable, economical, telescoped indication or monitor of environmental health. The value of that information increases when corroborated by another non-parasitological technique. The analysis of parasites is not necessarily simple because not all hosts serve as good models and because the number of species, presence of specific species, intensity of infections, life histories of species, location of species in hosts, and host response for each parasitic species have to be addressed individually to assure usefulness of the tool. Also, different anthropogenic contaminants act in a distinct manner …

The Impact Of Health Behavior Programs On Behavior Among Three United South And Eastern Tribes, Indian Health Service, Nashville Area Office, M. Wachacha, P. Schumacher, Js. Friedman, Hi. Goldberg, R. Amerson

Native Health Database Full Text

Purpose This joint Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Indian Health Service (IHS) describes the results of 1995-1996 Health Assessment Survey conducted among three tribes in the Indian Health Service's Nashville Area service area. The tribes are the Mississippi Band of Choctaw, Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy, and St. Regis Mohawk. Methods The survey goals were to: 1) learn the extent to which members of these three tribes are practicing selected behaviors that pose risks to their health and well-being and 2) measure the prevalence of certain health conditions which are related to behavior. The survey was a population-based, face-to-face interviews of …

Cancer Mortality Among American Indians And Alaska Natives In The United States: Regional Differences In Indian Health, 1989-1993., Indian Health Service, Epidemiology Program

Native Health Database Full Text

This monograph delineates cancer mortality rates among American Indians among and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) within different regions served by the IHS.This monograph looked at only those Native American deaths between 1989-1993 in which the underlying cause of death was cancer. The IHS obtains the National Center for Health Statistics mortality data tapes for persons listed as Native American. To help control for fluctuation in rates that occur when there is a relatively small population and a small number of deaths, five years of data were examined. Data were examined for all cancer deaths combined as well as for specific types …

The Relationship Between Health Beliefs And Use Of Child Car Safety Restraints Among Mothers Of Young Children, Stacy Lynn Leifried

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

Though preventable, injuries resulting from motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death and disability in childhood. The literature supports the efficacy of child car safety restraints, yet despite this fact, nonuse rates remain high. Using the Health Belief Model, the purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to examine the relationship between health beliefs, cues to action, selected demographics, and mothers' use of child car safety restraints among low income mothers of children less than five years of age; Locus of control, maternal seatbelt use, and child's age were demonstrated to be significant predictors of child car safety …

Health Patterns Of Nurses Who Smoke, John Louis Yuhos

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

This descriptive comparative study examined the usefulness of Pender's (1996) Health Promotion Model to explain the occurrence and differences of health-promoting behavior between nurses who smoke and nurses who do not. A convenience sample of 283 nurses completed two assessment instruments, the Health-Promoting Life-Style Profile (HPLP-II) and the Self-Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale. Significant differences were found in the mean scores on subscales of the HPLP-II and the Self-Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale between nurses who smoke and those who do not. A posteriori comparisons of three groups of nurses; current smoking nurses, former smoking nurses and never …

It Depends On Us : Building U.S.-Russian Citizen Partnerships For Environmental Protection, Olga Maiboroda

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Contraceptive Choices On Breastfeeding Duration In Peru., Susan Patricia Rice

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.

Life Behind Bars: Environmental Congruence, Social Support, And Mental Distress Among Jail Inmates., Christine Hilda Lindquist

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.