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Gun Violence Prevention In The Christian Church: A Deductive Content Analysis Of Faith-Based Firearm Education Resources, Sarah Winn May 2026

Gun Violence Prevention In The Christian Church: A Deductive Content Analysis Of Faith-Based Firearm Education Resources, Sarah Winn

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This thesis analyzed whether Christian faith-based curricula and toolkits regarding firearm safety and violence prevention align with established best practices in public health, social work, and education research. Previous research has explored the prevalence and impact of gun violence, best practices regarding gun violence and safety interventions, the effectiveness of churches as public health initiative partners, and the relationship between Christianity and views on firearms. In this study, qualitative deductive content analysis indicated that faith-based gun violence prevention toolkits are strongly oriented toward advocacy, community mobilization, and public health framing. At the same time, gaps remain in their integration of …


Will The Demons Follow (And Other Stories), Eberechi Onyekachi Mcbride May 2026

Will The Demons Follow (And Other Stories), Eberechi Onyekachi Mcbride

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Will The Demons Follow (and Other Stories) is a collection of interconnected short stories that examines memory, trauma, migration, and womanhood across Nigerian and diasporic spaces. Set in both Nigeria and the United States, the stories move between villages, cities, and immigrant communities, presenting characters whose lives are shaped by cultural expectations, spiritual beliefs, family authority, and personal longing. Through multiple narrative voices, the collection considers how the past continues to shape the present. Characters struggle with family conflict, religious pressure, sexual violence, and the psychological burdens carried across borders. In the title story, “Will The Demons Follow?”, the narrator …


Empirical Line Calibration And Spectral Comparison Of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Shimon Von-Rad Alexis Beazer May 2026

Empirical Line Calibration And Spectral Comparison Of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Shimon Von-Rad Alexis Beazer

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The increased usage of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) for various applications has broadened access to high-resolution aerial imaging, a field with deep roots in geography, remote sensing, and geospatial science. Radiometric correction in satellite imagery has its origins in the early decades of Earth observation, with foundational work beginning alongside the launch of the first multispectral satellites and evolving through decades of research into atmospheric correction, sensor calibration, and reflectance modelling. As UAS adoption grows, research into atmospheric attenuation effects on UAS imagery becomes necessary. Empirical line calibration converts digital number values to surface reflectance and is used here to …


Design And Evaluation Of A Single-Gate Multi-Threshold Null Convention Logic Architecture For Area Efficiency, John Edward Swaim May 2026

Design And Evaluation Of A Single-Gate Multi-Threshold Null Convention Logic Architecture For Area Efficiency, John Edward Swaim

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Asynchronous circuit design paradigms, such as NULL convention logic (NCL) and Multi-Threshold NCL (MTNCL), offer increased energy efficiency over synchronous equivalents and robust pipelines with minimal timing analysis. However, their dependency on dual-rail signal encoding causes significant overhead compared to single-rail equivalents. Previous single-gate and single-rail NCL paradigms have sought to reduce circuit area, but most compromise their quasi-delay-insensitivity and correct-by-construction nature with logic gate and system-level design choices. This thesis presents Single-Gate MTNCL (SG-MTNCL), a register controlled, single-gate, and dual-rail asynchronous architecture to improve the area efficiency of MTNCL without compromising the reliability of previous paradigms. The benefits of …


Creatures Of Habit? Impact Of Chick Feeder Tray Location On Feed Consumption At 0-7 Days Of Age, Emily Kate Green May 2026

Creatures Of Habit? Impact Of Chick Feeder Tray Location On Feed Consumption At 0-7 Days Of Age, Emily Kate Green

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Early chick nutrition is critical for establishing target growth performance characteristics in broiler chickens. This study evaluated factors within commercial broiler houses that potentially influence feed consumption during the first 7 days. Three trials were conducted in a 12.2 x 122 m commercial broiler house to assess the effects of house sectioning, spatial barriers, and feedline location. In Trial 1, a one-way experimental design was used in which the house was divided into four equal sections using migration fencing every 30.5 m. House sections served as a fixed factor. Feed was provided using chick trays placed beneath the feed line …


H.A.G.S., Erin Pinkham May 2026

H.A.G.S., Erin Pinkham

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

H.A.G.S (Have A Great Summer) The book transports the reader into a Y2K southern suburban landscape, influenced by Texas Megachurches, the height of the shopping mall era, and the upcoming and ever present loom of the internet. It narrates through this world by diving in and out of a younger and older voice. A voice that remains in the present tense as it searches through the speaker’s understanding and observance of the world around them and the danger looming over their young girl body. This book looks to uncover these moments where we as young girls might better understand why …


Religious Ramifications: An Analysis Of Ancient Religious Mythologies And Their Effects On Societal Gender Roles, Christina E. Burkhalter May 2026

Religious Ramifications: An Analysis Of Ancient Religious Mythologies And Their Effects On Societal Gender Roles, Christina E. Burkhalter

World Languages, Literatures and Cultures Undergraduate Honors Theses

An analysis of the effect of ancient religious writings in the Mediterranean on local gender culture with a specific focus on the texts deities.


A Room Of One’S Own: Understanding Feminism In A Dance Theatre Context, Eden A. Wilson May 2026

A Room Of One’S Own: Understanding Feminism In A Dance Theatre Context, Eden A. Wilson

Theatre Undergraduate Honors Theses

This creative thesis project examines how the elements of dance theatre can be applied to existing literature. Through process-based research, I explore how movement can physicalize the feminist concepts of Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own surrounding the financial and creative constraints of female expression. This project aims to prove the effectiveness of the body as a source of feminist exploration through creating a new lens of interpretation of Woolf’s literature.


Through The Looking-Glass: A Process Of Trust And Discovery, Selena Mykenzie Gordon May 2026

Through The Looking-Glass: A Process Of Trust And Discovery, Selena Mykenzie Gordon

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores the process of joy, trust, and discovery I have cultivated as a professional actor and its application in various productions. I will examine my role as Sabine in Ken Ludwig’s The Three Musketeers at TheatreSquared in Fall of 2025, as well as the role of Alice in my One Person Show, titled Curiouser, developed in Spring of 2024. Included in this document is my artistic statement, my one-person show script, production posters and programs, production photos, website link, headshot and resume, my character analysis of Sabine, One-Person Show class writing prompts, and proof of permission for use …


Across The Pond And Veil: Spiritualists, Female Mediums, And Ghosts In The Nineteenth-Century United States And Britain, Allison Tucker May 2026

Across The Pond And Veil: Spiritualists, Female Mediums, And Ghosts In The Nineteenth-Century United States And Britain, Allison Tucker

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examines how women mediums in the late nineteenth-century United States and Britain shaped Spiritualism and interpreted their respective social landscapes. Spiritualist mediums claimed the ability to communicate with spirits in the spirit world. These conversations with ghosts allowed mediums to speak on recent events, traverse social boundaries, and assume positions of authority. Drawing on trance writings, spirit-authored books, newspaper articles, and the performances of women mediums, this study compares the development and practices of Spiritualism in both countries. This thesis argues that proximity to violence significantly shaped Spiritualism during its formative years. The Civil War placed Americans in …


Caregiver Self-Reflection: Does It Matter? A Study Of The Relationship Between Caregiver Self-Reflection And Participation In Home Programs In Outpatient Pediatric Physical Therapy Settings, Andrea Myane May 2026

Caregiver Self-Reflection: Does It Matter? A Study Of The Relationship Between Caregiver Self-Reflection And Participation In Home Programs In Outpatient Pediatric Physical Therapy Settings, Andrea Myane

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Despite evidence that caregiver coaching can improve patient outcomes and caregiver participation, little information exists on the effects of its individual components. Additionally, previous research has highlighted the importance of home programs in improving pediatric physical therapy outcomes. The aim of this study is to explore the role that caregiver self-reflection, a component of caregiver coaching, plays in facilitating outcomes in the pediatric physical therapy outpatient setting. Caregivers will be asked to complete a series of self-reflection questions based on Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle, while also recording the number of minutes they spend facilitating a prescribed home program. All study participants …


Conservation Agriculture Effects On Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Cotton, Soybean, And Corn In Southeast Arkansas, Jonathan Benjamin Brye May 2026

Conservation Agriculture Effects On Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Cotton, Soybean, And Corn In Southeast Arkansas, Jonathan Benjamin Brye

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The slow degradation of natural resources has resulted in the focus of agriculture shifting towards conservation practices, such as reduced/no-tillage, cover crops (CC), and organic amendments (i.e., biochar), that conserve and improve natural resource quality. The objectives of this thesis were to i) quantify the impacts of biochar rate (i.e., 0, 2000, and 4000 kg ha-1) and ii) the combination of CC and tillage practice on carbon dioxide (CO¬2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes, growing-season-long emissions, global warming potential (GWP), soil properties, and plant response from a minimally tilled cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)-corn (Zea mays) rotation and a soybean …


Searching Harder For The Darter: Evaluating Endangered Yellowcheek Darter (Nothonotus Moorei) Status And Drought Responses, Kearstin Findley May 2026

Searching Harder For The Darter: Evaluating Endangered Yellowcheek Darter (Nothonotus Moorei) Status And Drought Responses, Kearstin Findley

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Freshwater ecosystems are one of the most imperiled habitats across the world with biodiversity declining rapidly. There are many stressors contributing to freshwater species declines including habitat loss and degradation, land-use changes, anthropogenic water demands, changes in precipitation and weather extremes, and pollution. Current environmental projections predict that these stressors will continue to impact freshwater ecosystems to greater extents moving forward. Stream drying from drought conditions increasing in intensity and frequency is especially concerning in northern Arkansas where seasonal drought is typical in the summer and fall months. With increased drying conditions, the elimination of shallow-water riffle habitats in streams …


Dutiful Wife, Grieving Mother: Examining Medieval Joban Allusion Through A Matricentric Affective Lens, Morgan Lee May 2026

Dutiful Wife, Grieving Mother: Examining Medieval Joban Allusion Through A Matricentric Affective Lens, Morgan Lee

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This thesis uses concepts of matricentrism and affect to examine the legacy of Job and its frequent medieval allusions in stories featuring grieving mothers. It specifically analyzes how, in order to be considered noble, steadfast sufferers, women were expected to relinquish their maternal grief and adopt a stoic affect. This was often to the benefit of or in the direct service of their husbands. The analysis covers three women in particular: Job’s wife (who is examined through the medieval commentary written about her), Prudence from Chaucer’s "Tale of Melibee," and Griselda from Chaucer’s "Clerk’s Tale." This thesis utilizes medieval conduct …


Automated Circuit Design Algorithm And Implementation For Asynchronous Reset (Ares) Physically Unclonable Functions, Andrew Michael Felder May 2026

Automated Circuit Design Algorithm And Implementation For Asynchronous Reset (Ares) Physically Unclonable Functions, Andrew Michael Felder

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Technology is increasingly interwoven in all aspects of society as it solves new problems, creates new possibilities, and enables new conveniences. With its unceasing evolution, environments handling protected information such as military, finance, and medicine demand ever-evolving threat mitigation. Combating attackers’ abilities to spoof devices, uncover cryptographic keys, and bypass security features is a never-ending task which drives technological advancement to improve existing capabilities and develop entirely new methodologies. In this dissertation work, the hybrid Asynchronous RESet Physically Unclonable Function (ARES PUF) is evaluated at the circuit to determine its merits as a PUF. As part of this evaluation, results …


Privacy Protection In Machine Learning: Methods For Structured And Unstructured Data, Karuna Bhaila May 2026

Privacy Protection In Machine Learning: Methods For Structured And Unstructured Data, Karuna Bhaila

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

As machine learning models become increasingly integrated into data-driven decision-making, the protection of sensitive information throughout the model lifecycle is a paramount concern. As these models process and memorize sensitive, proprietary, or personal data, they risk leaking information through their outputs or internal states, especially in domains such as healthcare and finance. The protection of data in machine learning has thus been a crucial field of study. Within this paradigm, researchers have studied theoretical and application-oriented mechanisms for realizing privacy protections for various data formats. Nonetheless, privacy in machine learning still has many open problems, especially with the emergence of …


Situational Determinants Of Severity In Bias-Motivated Violence, Sophia Glick May 2026

Situational Determinants Of Severity In Bias-Motivated Violence, Sophia Glick

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Although overall violent crime rates continue to decline, bias-motivated violence, including bias murder, is rising in the United States (United States Department of Justice, 2024). Criminologists have examined how situational factors—such as location, weapon use, and bystander presence—increase the likelihood of violence escalating to murder. However, it remains unclear whether these same factors similarly affect the severity of bias-motivated violence. These gaps are notable given that prior research suggests bias-motivated violence differs situationally from other forms of violence. Guided by the situational crime prevention (SCP) perspective, the current study investigates how situated attributes of factors reflecting the vulnerability and symbolic …


Deciphering Chemomechanical Couplings In Proteins Using Molecular Dynamics And Enhanced Sampling Techniques, Matthew Brownd May 2026

Deciphering Chemomechanical Couplings In Proteins Using Molecular Dynamics And Enhanced Sampling Techniques, Matthew Brownd

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Proteins function through a complex interplay between chemical interactions and mechanical motions across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Understanding how ligand binding, conformational dynamics, and structural flexibility collectively regulate protein function remains one of the central challenges in molecular biophysics. This dissertation presents a computational investigation into chemomechanical coupling in three distinct classes of biomolecular systems using all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and enhanced sampling methods, with particular emphasis on free-energy calculations and long-timescale conformational analysis. The first part of this work focuses on ligand binding in hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, which regulate rhythmic electrical activity in the heart …


The Anti-‘Refugee Crisis’: A Comparative Analysis Of Anti-Immigrant Extremist Violence In The United States And The Nordic Countries, Ethan Mitchell May 2026

The Anti-‘Refugee Crisis’: A Comparative Analysis Of Anti-Immigrant Extremist Violence In The United States And The Nordic Countries, Ethan Mitchell

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Using data from the U.S. Extremist Crime Database (ECDB), the Bias Homicide Database (BHDB), and the Right-Wing Terrorism and Violence (RTV) database, this study explores how attributes of anti-immigrant extremist violence compare across the United States and the Nordic countries. Compared to the long, complicated history of U.S. immigration and anti-immigrant violence, the homogeneity of the Nordic nations has only relatively recently been interrupted by mass immigration events like the mid-2010s’ “refugee crisis.” Rapid demographic change in these nations has inspired increased levels of extremism targeting immigrants and refugees. Quantitative analyses of cases ranging from 1990-2022 illuminate how broader social, …


Efficient Deep Neural Networks For Autonomous Perception, Reeshad Khan May 2026

Efficient Deep Neural Networks For Autonomous Perception, Reeshad Khan

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Autonomous perception systems must operate reliably under uncertainty arising from noisy observations, incomplete supervision, and hardware constraints. This dissertation investigates the design of efficient deep neural networks for autonomous perception through a unified perspective that treats uncertainty, efficiency, and sensing as interconnected challenges. The first contribution develops adaptive extensions of unbiased risk estimators, including eSURE and ePURE, enabling unsupervised training of deep neural networks for magnetic resonance image denoising under Gaussian and Poisson noise. However, these methods rely on known noise assumptions, which motivates the second contribution: a unified diffusion and Bayesian risk framework that estimates and adapts to unknown …


Cognitive Appraisals, Empathy, And Helping Behavior: Toward An Integrated Model, Emily Morgan Vance May 2026

Cognitive Appraisals, Empathy, And Helping Behavior: Toward An Integrated Model, Emily Morgan Vance

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Empathy leads to prosocial behavior (Ding & Lu, 2016), but the factors that influence whether we feel empathetic toward someone in need are less clear. I investigated whether cognitive appraisals and empathy explained helping intentions in response to help-giving contexts. This research was informed by Weiner’s attribution-emotion-action model (1980), Batson and colleagues’ empathy-altruism hypothesis (Batson et al., 1981), and appraisal theory of emotion (e.g., Smith & Ellsworth, 1985). Study 1 was exploratory and investigated the relationship between cognitive appraisals, emotions, and helping intentions in response to a help-giving scenario. Studies 2 and 3 manipulated the strength of the help-giving scenario …


Characterization Of Snrk1 Signaling In Rice Growth, Reproduction, And Stress Responses Using Phenotypic And Omics Analysis, Maria Clara Faria-Bates May 2026

Characterization Of Snrk1 Signaling In Rice Growth, Reproduction, And Stress Responses Using Phenotypic And Omics Analysis, Maria Clara Faria-Bates

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

SnRK1 is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase belonging to the SNF1/AMPK family that is composed of a catalytic subunit (α) and two regulatory subunits (β and βγ), and it has a major role in adjusting growth in response to the energy status. SnRK1 phosphorylates and alters the activities of enzymes involved in metabolism and regulates gene expression by altering the activity of chromatin-remodeling enzymes or transcription factors. Rice contains three functional paralogs of SnRK1α: OsSnRK1αA (Os05g0530500), OsSnRK1αB (Os8g0484600), and OsSnRK1αC (Os03g0289100). Although SnRK1 is known to play a central role in plant growth and stress responses, the functional specialization of …


Misusing Mariátegui: The Strategic Use Of José Carlos Mariátegui By Peru’S Sendero Luminoso, Shaylee Luedders May 2026

Misusing Mariátegui: The Strategic Use Of José Carlos Mariátegui By Peru’S Sendero Luminoso, Shaylee Luedders

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The Peruvian Communist Party - Sendero Luminoso (SL) was a violent communist guerrilla group that was active in Peru in the 1980s and early 1990s. SL’s guiding ideology was “Gonzalo Thought,” named for the Party’s leader, Abimael Guzmán, who was known to his followers as Presidente Gonzalo. Greatly inspired by Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, Gonzalo Thought also drew heavily from the work of José Carlos Mariátegui, an early 20th-century socialist Peruvian intellectual. One of Mariategui’s key ideas held that the Inca Empire was communist and that living Indigenous Peruvians retained this pre-modern “communist spirit.” For him, this meant that authentic Peruvian institutions and …


Navigating Mixedness As A Multiracial Teacher, Casey S. Kraichoke May 2026

Navigating Mixedness As A Multiracial Teacher, Casey S. Kraichoke

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological study utilized Critical Multiracial Theory (MultiCrit) to construct a counternarrative that amplifies the voices of Multiracial teachers, focusing on the development of personal and teacher identity. Specifically, the study critically examines the trajectory of Multiethnic-Racial (ME-R) identity transformation following experiences teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in participants’ heritage Asian countries. Data were collected through one-time semi-structured virtual interviews with fifteen purposefully selected Asian-White Multiracial EFL teachers who had completed a one-year Fulbright English Teaching Assistantship (ETA) within the past decade. Each participant also provided a written artifact to support the analysis. Participants reflected on …


Sedimentary Provenance Of The Pliocene – Pleistocene Giant Foresets Formation, Offshore Taranaki Basin, Aotearoa New Zealand, Anurag Kulkarrni May 2026

Sedimentary Provenance Of The Pliocene – Pleistocene Giant Foresets Formation, Offshore Taranaki Basin, Aotearoa New Zealand, Anurag Kulkarrni

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Sediment input and dispersal in the Taranaki Basin, offshore New Zealand’s North Island, was influenced by a complex interplay of ocean currents and sea level fluctuations over the late Neogene. This period of time was recorded in the Pliocene-Pleistocene Giant Foresets Formation (GFF) that represents a rapid progradation of the western continental shelf into the basin. High sedimentation rates during this time were likely a major contributing factor to the emplacement of multiple, large-scale (up to ~3,500 km3) mass-transport deposits (MTD) that were caused by shelf and slope collapse within the GFF of similar scale to that of the well-studied …


The Line In The Sand: Visual Narratives Of Religious Trauma And Leaving Evangelicalism, Elizabeth Humphrey May 2026

The Line In The Sand: Visual Narratives Of Religious Trauma And Leaving Evangelicalism, Elizabeth Humphrey

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Widespread abuse within religious institutions has challenged the assumption that religion inherently supports mental health, while rising rates of religious disaffiliation often cite trauma as a key factor. Individuals leaving harmful religious environments report a range of outcomes—from increased autonomy to emotional distress—yet research on post-disaffiliation experiences is limited. As the religious landscape of the U.S. shows decrease in religious affiliation, and stories of abuse and trauma circulate, the experience of leaving a religious community because of harm is a needed area for further inquiry. Using visual narrative inquiry, this qualitative research study explores the lived experiences of those who …


Study On The Effects Of Molecular Layer Deposition Coating And Mechanical Pressure On Lithium Metal Anodes, Cameron Mondl May 2026

Study On The Effects Of Molecular Layer Deposition Coating And Mechanical Pressure On Lithium Metal Anodes, Cameron Mondl

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Lithium (Li) metal is a highly promising anode material for next-generation energy storage systems due to its outstanding theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, its commercialization implementation has been hindered due to interfacial instability and uncontrollable dendrite formation, leading to poor cycling efficiency and thermal runaway. Among the most promising stabilization strategies, protective interfacial coatings have emerged as an effective solution to promote more uniform Li deposition and suppress erratic morphological inconsistencies. In particular, molecular layer deposition (MLD) enables uniform film thickness through layer-by-layer deposits, offering a highly versatile approach to protective interfacial layers. In addition to interfacial engineering, …


Developmental Mathematics As A Potential Barrier To Degree Completion In Community Colleges, Cynthia Bernice Fletcher May 2026

Developmental Mathematics As A Potential Barrier To Degree Completion In Community Colleges, Cynthia Bernice Fletcher

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Developmental mathematics is often seen as a barrier to student progression in community colleges, especially for students pursuing Associate of Science degrees requiring math coursework. This quantitative, ex post facto, non-experimental study examined how developmental mathematics factors predicted Associate of Science degree completion at a two-year community college in the West South-Central United States. Specifically, it assessed how academic performance in developmental mathematics, placement method, math pathway, and number of developmental math courses related to Associate of Science degree completion, as well as differences across student subgroups. Archival institutional data were used for first-time-in-college students across four cohorts: 2018, 2019, …


You Can Get Your Mail Sent There While You’Re Sleeping On The Street: A Community-Forward Analysis On The Role And Function Of The Northwest Arkansas Non-Profit Industry, Kaci Churchill May 2026

You Can Get Your Mail Sent There While You’Re Sleeping On The Street: A Community-Forward Analysis On The Role And Function Of The Northwest Arkansas Non-Profit Industry, Kaci Churchill

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Nonprofit services are frequently sought by community members experiencing material hardship, particularly at junctures where employment- and state-based compensation fail to provide sufficiently. While barriers to aid provision have been examined from the perspective of nonprofits, various accessibility issues for community members seeking to obtain support are an under evaluated factor that influence the efficacy of nonprofits in carrying forth their mission. This qualitative study seeks to understand commonly experienced barriers to support facing resource-seeking community members. Semi-structured interviews with Northwest Arkansas community members, a region highly saturated with well-funded nonprofit agencies, shed light on recurring obstacles, and provide theoretical …


Are Sticky Prices Present In Us Ag Land Lease Rates, John Tyler Blazzard May 2026

Are Sticky Prices Present In Us Ag Land Lease Rates, John Tyler Blazzard

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Land is an essential resource in production agriculture. Limited supply and high demand for land have resulted in increasing land values which are a barrier to entry for beginning farmers and ranchers with limited access to capital and credit. One way to overcome the high costs of purchasing land is to lease it. While more affordable than purchasing land, cash rents are also increasing. The objective of this research is to determine whether agricultural cash rents follow farm income symmetrically over time. This is accomplished by implementing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions with two-way fixed effects which account for rental …