Digital Commons Network^™

Primary Breast Sarcoma In Pediatric, Adolescent, And Young Adult Patients: A Single-Institution Retrospective Review, Amelie D. Perrier

Summer Research Program Abstracts

No abstract provided.

Horizontal Regulatory Barriers In International Trade: Evidence From Electric Plugs, Yuan Mei, Mingzhi (Jimmy) Xu

Research Collection School Of Economics

Domestic policies regulating the horizontal dimensions of product differentiation can impede international trade and have become a major concern in contemporary trade negotiations. We estimate trade frictions associated with incompatible designs of electric plugs, a well-known example of a horizontal regulatory barrier. Our findings indicate that fewer electronic devices are exported to destinations with incompatible electric plugs, and this effect operates through both the extensive margin and the intensive margin of exports. These results are further corroborated by an online survey of Chinese electronics exporters. Moreover, incompatible plugs are associated with lower average quality of exported electronic devices, suggesting that …

Rad Dudes, Rude ‘Tude, And The Family, Too: How Nintendo And Sega Advertisements Shaped The Image Of Gaming In The 1990s, Megan Condis, Jess Morrissette

Political Science Faculty Research

The tale of the console wars of the 1990s, the stodgy, conservative, family-friendly Nintendo consoles waging an advertising war against the rebellious upstarts behind the Sega Genesis, has been told many times over. These histories are “typically a mix between summaries of factual data and interviews of the key actors who were part of the events” (Arsenault 2017, p. 9). However, there has been relatively little research taking a systematic approach to measuring the veracity of these narratives. This article aims to supplement those histories by examining an archive of 2,875 print video game advertisements spanning from 1989 to 1995. …

Recent Canadian Immigration Reforms And Their Consequences For Migrant Children And Families’ Health: The “Globalization Of Indifference”?, Rachel Kronick, Marianne Côté-Olijnyk, Efrat Arbel

All Faculty Publications

Despite its reputation as a welcoming nation to refugees, Canada has enforced increasing restrictions on asylum, even in the face of evidence from the United States and around the world of the profound harm such restrictions cause. In this paper, we outline recent Canadian legal and policy reforms and their potential impacts on refugee health equity. Following Farmer's approach of ethnographic case narratives that aim to portray how current policy and legislation are embodied and felt in migrants' lives, we document avoidable harms to migrant children and families. Our data come from qualitative research with inadmissible asylum seekers and narrative …

Medication Management And Caregiving Stress Or Benefit In Children With Medical Complexity., Casey O'Hare, Nicole Werner, Makenzie Morgen, Sophie Kooiman, James Feinstein, Michelle A. Chui, Gemma Warner, Anna Jolliff, Brittany Storhoff, Kristan Sondegren, Danielle Gerber, Jens Eickhoff, Ryan J. Coller

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

This study quantified medication management experiences for children with medical complexity and associations with caregiver stress or benefit. Using data from the MedS@HOME trial, involvement of professional caregivers was associated with increased caregiver benefit, and greater network collective efficacy was associated with increased caregiver benefit and decreased caregiver stress.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID NCT05816590.

Harnessing Insect-Derived Oils For Enhanced Efficacy Of Plant-Based Repellents Against Disease-Transmitting Mosquitoes, John Bwire Ochola, Cynthia M. Mudalungu, Hosea O. Mokaya, Xavier Cheseto, Gilvian N. Onsomu, Subramanian Sevgan, Segenet Kelemu, Baldwyn Torto, Chrysantus M. Tanga

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever pose a growing global health threat, worsened by resistance to synthetic pesticides. This study evaluated insect oils from Schistocerca gregaria, Ruspolia differens, and Macrotermes spp. as adjuvants in plant-based mosquito repellents. The formulations were tested for complete protection time (CPT) against Anopheles gambiae, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from treated volunteers were analyzed. Incorporating insect oils doubled CPT compared to essential oils alone. The most effective blend of Macrotermes oil with Cymbopogon nardus (1:1) achieved CPTs of 3.50 h for An. gambiae, 2.56 …

Harnessing Digital Twin (Dt) Technology For Food Security And Climate Resilience In Sub-Saharan Africa (Ssa), Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Francis Chianu, Siyabusa Mkuhlani, Francis Muthoni, John Michael Humphries Choptiany, Franck B.N. Tonle, Bonoukpoe M. Sokame, Mercy Lung’Aho

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) faces chronic food insecurity despite possessing approximately 60% of the world’s uncultivated arable land. Field trials generate evidence but are costly and insufficiently scaled to address accelerating climate and demographic pressures. Digital twin (DT) technology, defined as the continuous, bidirectional virtual replication of physical systems using real-time data, supports monitoring, modelling, and optimisation of agrifood systems. To our knowledge, however, no published synthesis has examined DT agriculture research through the lens of SSA food systems or smallholder farming realities. A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was conducted across bibliographic databases using a pre-defined Boolean search and adapted PICOS eligibility …

Coupling Intensified Push–Pull Technology With Insect Frass Biofertilization Improves Land Productivity, Protein Yield And Carbon Stocks, Evanson R. Omuse, Honest Machekano, Daniel M. Mutyambai, Samwel O. Ogaji, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Thomas Dubois, Johnson O. Nyasani, Patrick Mudavadi, Sevgan Subramanian, Frank Chidawanyika

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

We evaluated agricultural innovations such as push-pull (PP), vegetable-integrated push-pull (VIPP), and black soldier fly frass fertilizer (BSFFF) for their transformative potential in rural smallholder agriculture. Using 12 cropping systems comprising two crops (maize and cowpea), BSFFF and diversified systems (PP and VIPP), we conducted a 2-year multilocation trial to evaluate impacts on crop productivity, economic benefits, and carbon stocks. Diversified cropping increased above-ground biomass, carbon stocks, and total crop yield by 4.7–11.2-fold with significant increments upon addition of BSFFF. Diverse cropping and BSFFF increased maize grain yield by more than 2-fold. Cowpea yield responded positively to BSFFF. High total …

Space-Time Dynamics Of Rainfed Wheat Yield In Ethiopia: Insights From Remote Sensing, Habtamu S. Gelagay, Louise Leroux, Lulseged Tamene, Zewdu Abro, Siyabusa Mkuhlani, Kindie Tesfaye, Wuletawu Abera, João Vasco Silva, Marc Corbeels

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Ethiopia is the largest wheat producer in sub-Saharan Africa, yet national food security efforts are constrained by coarse administrative level yield data that lack spatial and temporal detail. To bridge this gap, we present a spatio-temporally explicit assessment of rainfed wheat productivity, stability, and trends across Ethiopia from 2016 to 2023 using a multi-scale, data-driven framework. We integrated Sentinel-1-and Sentinel-2-derived biophysical, biochemical, physiological, phenological, and structural metrics as proxies for the integrated effects of genotype, environmental, and management factors (G × E × M) on wheat yield. These metrics were modeled using an ensemble machine learning approach to estimate wheat …

Beyond Legacy Indices: A Critical Review Of The Modified Nemerow, Mean Enrichment Quotient, And Aggregated Multivariate Environmental Risk (Amer) Indices For Heavy Metal Pollution In Sediments, Md Shahnul Islam, Anjuman Ara

Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Heavy metal pollution in sediments poses persistent ecological risks due to metal toxicity, bioaccumulation, and potential for remobilization. Legacy indices have been widely used for decades but suffer from fundamental flaws, including arbitrary background dependence, lack of grain-size normalization, and poor ecological relevance.

Objective: This review critically evaluates three emerging sediment pollution indices, the Modified Nemerow, Mean Enrichment Quotient (MEQ), and Aggregated Multivariate Environmental Risk (AMER) index, to assess their methodological advances and potential to replace legacy approaches.

Methods: A structured literature search was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar (2010–2026). Using an adapted Birch framework, …

In-Process Large Language Model Requesting Through Knowledge Graphs For Interfacing With Manufacturing Digital Twins, Reiki Tanaya Karuka, Vinh Nguyen

Michigan Tech Publications

Digital twins (DTs) have potential to improve manufacturing processes by providing in-process monitoring and reducing trial-and-error while improving process prediction and performance. However, identifying anomalies or defects in a DT environment remains a very time intensive process that requires multidisciplinary expertise and significant manual effort in analyzing the system. Large language models (LLMs) offer potential capabilities to interpret system-level information and support user-driven querying, but their effectiveness is limited by hallucinations when reasoning over large and dynamic manufacturing datasets inherent to process monitoring DTs. Knowledge graphs (KGs) have emerged as efficient tools in the industrial domain to efficiently represent data …

Evaluating The Pulse Of Exercise Programs: Developing And Validating The Intervention Usability Scale For Exercise (Iuse) To Enhance Implementation And Adherence, Anne Inger Mørtvedt, Eva Ageberg, Steven Elmer, Kevin Trewartha, Erich Petushek

Michigan Tech Publications

Background: Adherence to exercise interventions is often suboptimal, despite numerous studies documenting barriers and facilitators. Usability may be a critical yet underexplored determinant of adherence. This study aimed to develop and assess the psychometric properties of the Intervention Usability Scale for Exercise (IUSE). Methods: Item generation and content validation involved cognitive interviews and feedback from eight exercise intervention stakeholders and ten target users from the general public. Subsequently, 526 target users from University, Qualtrics and Prolific participant panels assessed exercise programs through an online survey. Dimensionality was assessed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and bifactor models. …

The Future Of Nature-Based Recreation In Warming Tropical Cities, Perrine Hamel, Emma E. Ramsay, Shawnda A. Morrison, Su Li Heng, Winston T. L. Chow, Beatrice H. Ho, Pearl Min Sze Tan, Moshe Mandelmilch, Lancy Sim, Jason Kai Wei Lee

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

Nature-based recreation promotes health in tropical cities but is increasingly threatened by rising heat. This review presents recent evidence on the issue of humid heat stress and outdoor recreation in tropical cities and outlines key adaptation strategies – addressing hazard, exposure, and vulnerability – to enable ‘heat-smart’ nature-based activities. Despite existing solutions, critical research gaps remain, especially in integrating social, physiological, and technological insights to better address humid heat stress in tropical urban environments.

A Projector-Rank Partition Theorem For Exact Degrees Of Freedom In Experimental Design, K. G. Nagananda

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

In many experimental designs—split-plots, blocked or nested layouts, fractional factorials, and studies with missing or unequal replication—standard ANOVA procedures no longer tell us exactly how many independent pieces of information each effect truly contributes. We provide a general degrees of freedom (df) partition theorem that resolves this ambiguity. For N observations, we show that the total information in the data (i.e., N −1 df) can be split exactly across experimental effects and randomization strata by projecting the data onto each stratum and counting the df each effect contributes there. This yields integer df—not approximations—for any mix of fixed and random …

Green Waste Biochar And Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria Enhance Tomato Growth Under Combined Nutrient Deficiency And Salinity Stress, Soumaya Tounsi-Hammami, Munawwar Ali Khan, Mahra Alqemzi, Salama Ali Almehairi, Aneesa Rasheed Anwar

All Works

This study characterized a green-waste-derived biochar from date palms and ghaf trees and investigated its potential as a soil amendment with halotolerant Bacillus spp. to improve tomato seedling quality under dual stress of salinity and nutrient deficiency. Biochar was produced through pyrolysis at 450 °C and then characterized for yield, pH, electrical conductivity, proximate analysis, surface morphology, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and heavy-metal content. Its effectiveness was tested both alone and in combination with a Bacillus sp. mix, using a completely randomized design with varying NPK fertilizer levels and saline irrigation. Tomato seedlings were evaluated 45 days after planting for various …

Towards Promoting Innovation In Inclusive Education: Behavioural Intention Of Teachers Towards Adopting Ai To Teach Students With Learning Disabilities In The Uae, Fatima Zraydi, Maxwell Peprah Opoku, Bernadette M. Guirguis, Laurent Gabriel Ndijuye, Ebenezer Mensah Gyimah

All Works

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education offers significant potential for identifying and supporting all students, including those with learning difficulties. Although discussions on the potential of AI to advance the learning of students are ongoing, AI usage among teachers to leverage it in the teaching of students with learning disabilities in nonwestern contexts, such as the United Arab Emirates, is unresearched. The study was guided by a unified theory of acceptance and use of technology to examine teachers’ intentions toward adopting AI tools to enhance educational outcomes for students with learning disabilities in the UAE. Using a quantitative …

A Systematic Review Of Audio Deepfake Detection Techniques For Digital Investigation, Mahra Alnaqbi, Richard Adeyemi Ikuesan

All Works

Deepfake technology has been driven by advanced machine learning and revolutionized multimedia creation by synthesizing hyper-realistic content. It includes images, videos, and audio. While its creative applications in entertainment and accessibility are significant, the technology also poses critical risks, especially in fraud, disinformation, and identity theft. Audio deepfakes are a subset of this phenomenon that replicate human voices with enhanced precision, mimicking tone, accent, and subtle vocal nuances. This has raised concerns in security-sensitive domains like voice authentication and forensic investigations. This systematic literature review (SLR) adopts PRISMA guidelines to explore the state-of-the-art in audio deepfake detection. It examines existing …

Image And Metadata-Driven Personality Inference For Career Recommendation: A Social Media-Based Ai Framework For Adolescents, Heba Ismail, Maryam Alhefeiti, Ashraf Khalil

All Works

This study presents a novel AI-based framework that leverages Instagram image and metadata analysis to infer Big Five personality traits and deliver personalized career recommendations for high school students in the UAE. Addressing the limitations of traditional recommender systems that rely on self-reported questionnaires or text, the proposed approach uses multimodal visual features—including profile metrics, HSV color patterns, semantic image labels, and texture analysis—to enable a non-intrusive, scalable personalization method. A pilot study involving data from 30 student accounts served as a proof of concept. Correlation analysis identified profile and HSV features as the most predictive, and four machine learning …

The Impact Of Generative Ai Training On Teachers’ Curriculum Adaptation Using Reflective Practices, Areej Elsayary

All Works

Generative AI tools offer teachers opportunities to adapt curricula to meet diverse student needs. However, many educators lack the structured training and reflective frameworks necessary for effective and critical use of these tools. Numerous studies have examined the appropriate use of generative AI (GenAI) tools in facilitating differentiation, feedback, and personalized learning. However, teachers need to be trained on the “what” and “how” of integrating GenAI into curriculum adaptation to ensure a positive impact on student learning. This study evaluates the impact of training in-service teachers to use GenAI tools for curriculum adaptation. Specifically, the study investigates three research questions: …

Fig-Gan: Fundus Image Generation Via Deep Learning Based Generative Adversarial Network For Amd Disease Diagnosis, Kailasa Thrishul, Ahed Abugabah, Amina Salhi, Manel Ayadi, Mohamed M. Sithik, D. Jayaprakash, A. Ahilan

All Works

Globally, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains a main cause of irreversible vision loss. Recently, deep learning models have primarily focused on classifying fundus images for early detection of AMD progression. However, existing models rarely address the generation of future progression-aware fundus images, particularly when complete real longitudinal follow-up scans are unavailable. This limitation makes it difficult to track retinal changes over time and highlights the need for generative models capable of producing realistic drusen-level structural variations. To address these issues, a novel deep learning-based FIG-GAN model is to generate synthetic future fundus images from baseline inputs. Multi-Attention U-Net (MAU-Net) is …

Reimagining Sustainable Sulfur Concrete: A Systematic Review Of Sulfur, Waste Integration, And Durability, Vasilia Al Khaldi, Abdel Hamid I. Mourad, Maisa Elgamal

All Works

Sulfur concrete (SC) - a thermoplastic, waterless composite in which molten sulfur-based binder replaces Portland cement - is attracting growing research attention as a sustainable construction alternative capable of superior performance in chemically aggressive environments. This systematic literature review synthesises evidence from 127 sources (2000–2025), examining three interlinked dimensions: (i) the role of waste and industrial by-product materials as aggregate and filler substitutes; (ii) the influence of aggregate type, morphology, and grading on mechanical and microstructural performance; and (iii) durability under acid, saline, and freeze-thaw exposures. A transparent, PRISMA-aligned screening and classification protocol - here used as a structured review …

A Performance-Optimized V2v Task Offloading Framework For Real-Time Vehicular Communication, Tariq Qayyum, Asadullah Tariq, Ikbal Taleb, Mohamed Adel Serhani, Zouheir Trabelsi

All Works

As vehicular applications become increasingly complex, their computational demands often exceed the capabilities of individual vehicles. Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC) alleviates this limitation by enabling task delegation to nearby edge resources; however, high mobility, dynamic topology, and fluctuating vehicle density make real-time offloading decisions challenging. To address these issues, we propose a performance-optimized Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) task offloading framework for dense and dynamic Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). The framework follows a two-stage design: (i) context-aware edge-node selection based on live topology capture via periodic beaconing, and (ii) cumulative score-based dynamic priority queuing at the selected edge node. The priority score jointly …

Smart Medical System Integrating Clinical Workflows For Robust Skin Cancer Detection Across Heterogeneous Pathologies, Ahed Abugabah, Prashant Kumar Shukla, Suchi Mishra, Abhishek Dwivedi

All Works

Skin cancer is among the most prevalent and life-threatening dermatological diseases worldwide, with melanoma responsible for a substantial proportion of skin cancer–related deaths due to delayed and unreliable diagnosis. Conventional clinical screening based on visual inspection and expert interpretation is inherently subjective and often affected by inter-observer variability, lesion heterogeneity, and imaging artifacts, highlighting the need for accurate and generalizable automated diagnostic systems. This study proposes a novel hybrid deep learning architecture for skin cancer classification that integrates an attention-guided autoencoder with a transformer-inspired global context modeling module, forming a unified and robust representation learning framework. The encoder–decoder structure is …

Temporally Rigorous And Traceable Predictive Maintenance Via Joint Labeler-Model Optimization, Maytha Al-Ali, Ahmad Alharbi

All Works

Predictive maintenance (PdM) is a critical enabler of intelligent asset management in Industry 4.0, yet many existing frameworks remain difficult to operationalize due to methodological fragmentation. Common limitations include sacrificing temporal realism and class granularity for computational expediency, decoupling labeling strategy design from model hyperparameter optimization, and insufficient support for reproducibility and deployment traceability; particularly in rare-failure regimes. To address these challenges, we propose a unified, end-to-end, and fully traceable PdM framework that jointly optimizes labeling and model parameters while enforcing strict temporal fidelity. The proposed pipeline co-optimizes the failure lookahead window () and LightGBM hyperparameters within a single Bayesian …

Understanding The Out-Of-Distribution Generalization Of Chain-Of-Thought Reasoning In Llms, Nuojing Liang, Xiaotong Yuan, Pan Zhou

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning substantially improves Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization mechanism remains theoretically underexplored. We study CoT as compositional OOD generalization: the target task lacks complete reasoning trajectories or direct input-output pairs, while training provides only in-distribution (ID) atomic step data. We show that CoT generalizes by repeatedly applying a shared single-step predictor to compose reusable ID transitions. Theoretically, the OOD task risk is controlled by the sum of ID subtask risks, scaled by a depth-independent hard-decoding coefficient Bℓ b = O(k) that is independent of the reasoning depth T. A Rademachercomplexity analysis further gives an …

Drag As Evidence: Motion-Grounded Latent Recomposition For Drag-Based Editing, Xinyu Pu, Hongsong Wang, Jie Gui, Pan Zhou

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Modern image editors excel at semantic manipulation and visual synthesis, yet remain limited in precise spatial control, motivating the development of drag-based editing. However, existing drag-based methods often struggle to balance drag accuracy with natural, plausible, and intent-aligned generation. We propose MoReDrag, a motion-grounded drag-based editing method. Our key insight is to treat pixel-space warping as coarse motion evidence, and to inject this evidence into the generative sampling trajectory. Specifically, MoRe-Drag performs region-aware latent recomposition over refinement, inpainting, and anchor regions, coupled with stage-adaptive conditioning that progressively shifts from motion-grounded structure formation to semantic refinement. We further support an instruction-free …

Llm-Enabled Applications Require System-Level Threat Monitoring, Yedi Zhang, Haoyu Wang, Xianglin Yang, Jin Song Dong, Jun Sun

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

LLM-enabled applications are rapidly reshaping the software ecosystem by using large language models as core reasoning components for complex task execution. This paradigm shift, however, introduces fundamentally new reliability challenges and significantly expands the security attack surface, due to the non-deterministic, learning-driven, and difficult-to-verify nature of LLM behavior. In light of these emerging and unavoidable safety challenges, we argue that such risks should be treated as expected operational conditions rather than exceptional events, necessitating a dedicated incident-response perspective. Consequently, the primary barrier to trustworthy deployment is not further improving model capability but establishing system-level threat monitoring mechanisms that can detect …

A Deep Learning Ensemble Framework For Multi-Subtype Renal Tumor Classification Using Contrast-Enhanced Ct, Hisham Abdeltawab, Ahmed Alksas, Mohamed Ghazal, Ashraf Khalil, Norah Saleh Alghamdi, Rasha T. Abouelkheir, Ahmed Elmahdy, Mohamed Abou El-Ghar, Sohail Contractor, Ayman El–Baz

All Works

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is considered the most aggressive and common form of renal cancer. Therefore, early detection is crucial to ensure appropriate and effective treatment planning. In our study, we propose a novel computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) approach which incorporates a deep learning ensemble to differentiate between five renal tumor subtypes, utilising the modality of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT). The addressed renal lesions are malignant tumors (chromophobe RCC (chRCC), papillary RCC (pRCC), and clear cell RCC (ccRCC)) and benign tumors (renal oncocytoma (RO) and angiomyolipoma (AML)). Our study includes 280 patients who underwent renal biopsy, 112 patients were diagnosed with …

Integrating Machine Learning And Explainable Ai For Employee Attrition Prediction In Hr Analytics, Maytha Al-Ali, Majed Alwateer, Shatha Abed Alsaedi, Hossam Magdy Balaha, Mahmoud Badawy, Mostafa A. Elhosseini

All Works

Employee attrition poses significant challenges to organizations, impacting productivity, morale, and financial stability. Predicting attrition and understanding its underlying drivers are critical for implementing effective retention strategies. In this study, we propose a comprehensive framework that utilizes advanced machine learning techniques to predict employee attrition and job change likelihood. The framework integrates robust preprocessing pipelines, state-of-the-art predictive models, and explainability tools such as SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) to ensure transparency and fairness in HR analytics. By addressing key challenges such as class imbalance, feature selection, and model interpretability, our approach provides actionable insights for proactive talent management. We evaluate the …

A Robust Approach For Olive Leaf Disease Detection In Uncontrolled Environments, Rima Grati, Khouloud Boukadi, Emna Ben Abdallah, Ahmed Seffah

All Works

Detecting diseases in olive leaves is crucial for maintaining tree health and ensuring stable olive production. Early signs of infection often appear on the leaves, making them a key indicator for timely disease detection and intervention. Traditionally, farmers rely on visual inspection or laboratory tests to diagnose plant diseases. However, recent advancements in deep learning (DL) have significantly improved the accuracy and efficiency of olive leaf disease diagnosis. Numerous studies in the literature have explored this task using CNN-based architectures and, more recently, Vision Transformers. While these models have shown promising performance on benchmark datasets, they are often trained and …