Digital Commons Network^™

Cardiovascular, Metabolic And Perceptual Responses To Preferred Walking Speed At Different Inclines And Post Exercise Postural Control In Healthy College Age Adults, Meir Magal, S. Leanna Fann, Kathleen S. Thomas

International Journal of Exercise Science

Although several studies investigated heart rate (HR) and metabolic responses to preferred walking speed (PWS), there is a limited amount of data on PWS responses during varying inclines. Further, there is no data pertaining to the impact of PWS at various inclines on postural control. The purpose of the study was to measure cardiovascular, metabolic, perceptual, and postural impacts of walking at PWS at various inclines. Twenty-one participants completed two lab sessions, seven days apart. On day one, PWS on the treadmill and maximal oxygen consumption (O_2max) were established for each participant. On day two, using a counter …

Physiological, Musculoskeletal & Anthropometric Characteristics & Performance Between Competitive & Recreational Surfers: A Scoping Review, Harrison Stone, Lucy Douglas, James Furness, Kevin Kemp-Smith, Mike Climstein, Sean Newcomer

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(6): 1277-1293, 2021. Surfing is the ability to ride a surfboard along the unbroken section, wall or face of a wave, as it moves closer towards the shore. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the physiological, musculoskeletal and anthropometric characteristics that can differentiate between paddling and wave riding performance in competitive and recreational surfing populations. The eligibility criteria for this scoping review included articles that distinguished between multiple surfing ability groups, identified physiological, musculoskeletal or anthropometric characteristics, were peer reviewed, and directly related to the sport of surfing. The databases …

Using Design-Thinking To Investigate And Improve Patient Experience, Jennifer Smiechowski, Megan Mercia, Kyle Kemp, Elizabeth Oddone Paolucci, Maria Santana, Rahim Kachra

Patient Experience Journal

Understanding and enhancing the patient experience can lead to improved healthcare outcomes. The purpose of this study was to capture a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the patient experience on an inpatient medical teaching unit in order to identify key deficiencies and unmet needs. We then aim to implement a design-thinking methodology to find innovative ways to solve these deficiencies. Here we present the first two phases of this four-phased study. We retrospectively and prospectively collected quantitative data about patient experience with the Canadian Patient Experiences Survey-Inpatient Care. We then used this data to guide patient interviews. We identified several …

High School Strength And Conditioning: A Narrative Review Of The Literature, Alexander Wakely, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Many high school athletes will complete strength and conditioning programs as part of their sports participation. The programs can vary in quality, and there is limited research specifically investigating programs at this level. PURPOSE: To review current literature specific to strength and conditioning training programs for high school student-athletes and calculate magnitude of performance changes. METHODS: Studies were searched for using the CSUF Pollack Library database. Search terms included “high school strength and conditioning” and “high school training programs”. Following this process, 5 studies were deemed appropriate for this narrative review. Performance changes from pre- to post-test for the strength …

Understanding And Communicating Physical Activity Guidelines: Creating A Training Video For Health Care Providers, Jafrā D. Thomas, Bethany C. Love, Caroline N. Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Like Das et al.’s study (2018, TJACSM), studies over the last decade or so have shown that many health care providers have low knowledge of peer-reviewed physical activity guidelines (PAGs, e.g., Barton et al., 2021, Physical Therapy in Sport; Douglas et al., 2006, BMC Public Health). One remedy may be educational videos. PURPOSE: This presentation details a process to create a short, interactive, educational video to train health care providers in how to advise clients in a manner consistent with PAGs. METHODS: Over a four-month period (January to April of 2021), the second author developed …

Phase Angle Is Associated With Muscular Fitness In Breast Cancer Survivors, Trevor Short, Michelle Pits, Paulette Yamada, Cheri Teranishi-Hashimoto

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Phase angle (PhA) has emerged as a prognostic indicator of survival and quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients. Identifying measures of physical fitness that correlate with PhA can provide guidance towards optimizing cancer rehabilitation programs. PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between PhA and physical fitness (muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, and body composition) in breast cancer survivors. METHODS: Seventy female breast cancer survivors (61 ± 9 years, PhA 4.57 ± 0.51) were referred to the rehabilitation clinic by their oncologist. Participants completed assessments for muscular strength (predicted 1-repetition maximum of incline bench press, seated cable row, latissimus …

Body Composition And Fitness Characteristics From Structural Firefighters In A Health And Wellness Program: Differences According To Injury Status And Location, Tomas J. Ruvalcaba, Daniel Higuera, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, J. Jay Dawes, Kristina A. Ross, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Structural firefighting can put firefighters at an elevated risk for injury. Numerous health and fitness characteristics (body composition, flexibility, muscular strength and endurance, aerobic capacity) can influence the performance of fireground operations, and could help prevent injury in firefighters. PURPOSE: To analyze the differences in health and fitness between healthy firefighters, and firefighters who reported a current upper-body, lower-body, or back injury. METHODS: Archival data from structural firefighters in a health and wellness program was investigated (258 males; 12 females). Body composition data included height; body mass; body mass index (BMI); body fat percentage; fat and lean body mass; waist …

Comparison Of Flights Climbed Between Garmin And Fitbit Devices, Javen Miguel, Alan Garcia, Melissa Strehlow, Dustin W. Davis, Jeff Montes, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

With exercise device technology and consumer interest in the field growing, it is important for users to be confident that their wearable fitness devices accurately track their flights climbed. Two manufacturers of devices that track flights climbed are Garmin and Fitbit. Comparing the measurements of flights climbed between devices from these two manufacturers is important to inform consumers as they decide which device to purchase for flight-related activities. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the measurements of flights climbed between the Garmin fēnix 5 and Fitbit Versa 2. METHODS: Eight participants (6M, 2F, 29 ± 8 yrs, …

Macrophage Response To Damage In Old And Young Skeletal Muscle, Jack Mehling, Robert D. Hyldahl, Mohadeseh Ahmadi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: In skeletal muscle, macrophages migrate to damaged fibers, influencing the inflammatory response during muscle regeneration. Macrophages experience polarization, exhibiting different phenotypes described as M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory.) Failure to properly transition between phenotypes inhibits fiber regeneration. Previous animal literature suggests that dysregulated macrophage polarization may contribute to the decreased regenerative capacity of aging muscle. The purpose of this study is to quantify macrophage response and polarization in a model of muscle damage and regeneration in older humans. We hypothesized that older people would have a higher percentage of M2 macrophages relative to the young. METHODS: Seven …

Rare Case Of Simultaneous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome And Musculocutaneous Neuropathy In A Baseball Pitcher, Steven C. Liu, Kenneth Vitale

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: The thoracic outlet is bounded by the clavicle, first rib, and muscles of the scalene triangle. When a compression within the outlet occurs, it presents as thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). TOS typically develops from the combination of developmental abnormalities, injuries, and physical activities that cause compression of the brachial plexus neurovasculature. This classically manifests as sensory and motor symptoms involving lower trunk (C8-T1) dermatomes and myotomes. The upper trunk and associated peripheral nerves, including musculocutaneous, are typically spared. Case Description: A 22 y.o. male with a history of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction and right elbow ulnar decompression a …

Key Genetic Drivers Of Volitional Physical Activity In The Central Nervous System, Brayden K. Leyva, Timothy M. Moore, Alexander R. Strumwasser, Xia Yang, Aldons J. Lusis, Andrea L. Hevener

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous studies suggest that physical activity is driven by the Central Nervous System (CNS). PURPOSE: We determined the central genetic drivers of volitional activity in the CNS and identified several molecular mechanisms promoting improvements in metabolism as a consequence of daily exercise. METHODS: Leveraging genetic diversity, we studied 100 strains of sedentary (SED) and exercise-trained (TRN; in cage running wheels) animals of the UCLA hybrid mouse diversity panel (HMDP). Candidate gene identification analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing in three brain regions (hypothalamus, hippocampus, and striatum) were performed. Differential gene analysis was conducted between a cohort of exercise-trained and …

Alterations In Musculoskeletal Function And Body Composition In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Alvaro Leal Gomez, Stephanie S. Wang, Jodi F. Engelhardt, Monica C. Orosa, Areum K. Jensen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and atypical behaviors. Children with ASD appear to have lower muscular function and low bone mineral density. Recent studies have indicated that adolescents with ASD develop obesity and bone fracture incidence at a higher rate compared to typically developing children (TDC). However, it is unclear if such weakened musculoskeletal function is a consequence of neurological disorder state in ASD or if it is due to the limited opportunity for physical activity and exercise in the ASD population.

PURPOSE: To determine whether regional differences in body composition affect …

Validity Of Garmin Devices While Ascending And Descending Flights Of Stairs, Alan V. Garcia, Melissa Strehlow, Dustin W. Davis, Javen Miguel, Jeff Montes, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The use of wearable technology to track physical activity is popular among fitness enthusiasts and the general public. There are many brands that offer a variety of devices. One popular brand is Garmin. The validity of Garmin’s wrist-worn devices in measuring step counts in various settings, such as walking up and down a staircase, is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to determine if two devices, the Garmin fēnix 5 and Garmin vívosmart HR record valid measures of step count when ascending and descending flights of stairs at three different speeds. METHODS: Eight participants (n=8) were tested …

Time Spent Jogging/Running And Telomere Length In 5805 U.S. Adults, Christina M. Blackmon, Larry A. Tucker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

A scientifically accepted measure of biological aging is the length of telomeres. Telomeres shorten with each year of life. Although age is the primary driving force, lifestyle can also have a substantial effect on telomere length. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the degree to which minutes spent jogging or running per week accounted for differences in leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in a randomly selected sample of 5805 U.S. adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was employed using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and findings are generalizable to the U.S. adult population. Time …

Combine Anthropometric And Physical Performance Predictors Of Professional Basketball Rookie Free Throw Accuracy, Kristine R. Wilson, Anthony B. Ciccone

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is suggested that stronger basketball players and players with larger hands have poorer free throw percentages. However, research suggests stronger individuals have better force steadiness. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between free throw percentage and anthropometric and physical performance metrics of National Basketball Association (NBA) players. METHODS: Using nbastatR, NBA draft combine data from 2000 to 2020 and respective NBA rookie season player data was scraped. Players who attempted at least 30 free throws were analyzed. Free throw percentage was predicted by the three performance variables and five anthropometric variables: …

Online Physical Activity Advice For Older Adults During Covid-19: Results Of A Pilot Study, Mirabella R. Russo, Jafrā D. Thomas, Calvin J. Wu, Abigail M. Mcintyre

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020-present), US. older adults in quarantine likely turned to the internet, often a first source for exercise information, for health and exercise advice. PURPOSE: Given adherence to physical activity guidelines (PAGs) lowers risk of sickness and death due to COVID-19, this presentation is to present results of a pilot study which determined the extent online physical activity promotion articles published during the COVID-19 pandemic, with messages tailored to older adults, aligned with US. 2018 PAGs. METHODS: Online articles were sought based on an apriori inclusion criteria (e.g., targeted older adults, published March 2020-February …

What Do You Need, Coach? Translating The Relationship Between Sprint Metrics And Training Load For Practical Application In Division I Women’S Soccer, Dieanna C. Prudholme, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

An array of athlete-generated data can be collected with GPS technology during training sessions. Sport scientists working with collegiate team sports, including soccer, must be able to contextualize data for coaches. Coaches may then manipulate the most impactful variables, such as player load (a scoring value that accounts for intensity and duration of effort based on GPS readings) and variables most impacting player load, to increase training efficiency. PURPOSE: To determine which sprint metric most relates to and predicts player load, that is practical to coaches. METHODS: Data for 16 Division I collegiate female field (forwards, midfielders, defenders) soccer players …

Investigation Of Swimming Economy While Wearing Different Triathlon Wetsuit Styles At Submaximal Front Crawl Swimming, Boram Lim, Alejandro Villalobos, George Crocker, John Mercer Dr.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Triathlon wetsuits commonly use for the potential benefits of swimming performance and thermoregulation. Triathletes may select different wetsuit styles depending on many factors (e.g., temperature regulation swimming technique, body type, and training purpose). However, there is a lack of empirical evidence of how different wetsuit styles affect the physiological responses to swimming. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological responses during submaximal intensity front crawl swimming using different wetsuit styles. METHODS: Fourteen participants (n=6 men, n=8 women; all recreational triathletes or swimmers) completed a swimming graded exercise test wearing a swimsuit only to determine …

Kinesiology Student Led 3 Wins Fitness; Free Exercise Program Pivots Virtual And Emerges From Pandemic As Hybrid Park-Based Program For Underserved Communities, David Jimenez, Arlene Flores, Gabrielle Villagra, Joshua Carlos, Steven Loy

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

3 WINS Fitness is a FREE program delivered by Kinesiology students from Cal State University, Northridge focused on underserved communities in the San Fernando Valley. PURPOSE: The program aims to increase the health and fitness of participants, build healthier communities, and reduce population physical inactivity through exercise while developing students’ professional skills. METHODS: The structure of the program gives students an opportunity to apply in-class knowledge in a real-life setting. This translates to engaging participants of all fitness levels in 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity 3 days/week. Many students had no prior in-park experience before this fall …

Step It Up: A Pilot Study Of The Physical Demands Of Division I Team’S Soccer Matches Versus Semi-Professional And Collegiate Competition, Madalyn Carrasco, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In spring, Division I (DI) men’s soccer teams have the opportunity to play collegiate and semi-professional (SP) teams. It could be expected that players on a collegiate team express higher workloads in a match against better competition. GPS data could be used to measure these workloads. However, at the collegiate level some coaches may takeaway GPS use in matches from some players as disciplinary action. This could impact data recorded by team sport scientists. PURPOSE: To compare physical demands measured by GPS metrics of a DI team in matches versus collegiate and SP competition in a real-world environment. METHODS: GPS …

Kinematics And Motor Responses Of Law Enforcement Officers In A Spontaneous Lethal Threat Scenario, Michael A. Kantor, Dane Bartz, William Lewinski, Robert Pettitt Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

When law enforcement officers (LEOs) face a spontaneous act of lethal force, there is no “warning or foreperiod” as in typical assessments of motor response, causing a startle response to occur. The firearm draw has been tested in controlled settings; however, such an analysis when under duress has not been examined for motor response. PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate LEOs firearm draw and motor response following a spontaneous presentation of lethal force in a training scenario. METHODS: A total of 22 active duty LEOs engaged in training scenario under the ruse of a …

Self-Generated Lower Body Negative Pressure As A No-Power Countermeasure For Deep Space, Suhas Rao Velichala, Ryan Kassel, Alan Hargens, Victoria Ly

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT

The absence of gravitational forces experienced during spaceflight produces headward fluid shifts which probably cause Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS). In order to counteract these fluid shifts and prevent SANS, especially when power is limited and a human centrifuge is unavailable, other strategies are needed. One possible strategy is the use of self-generated, lower body negative pressure (LBNP) which meets the low power and safety requirements of deep-space missions. PURPOSE: In this study we explored acute physiologic responses to self-generated LBNP in a horizontal model of simulated microgravity. METHODS: Participants of the study were tested during static 25 mmHg …

Do It For The Gram: Results From The Physical Activity And Social Media Support (Pass) Study, Shalis Danayan, Zakkoyya Lewis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

SWACSM Abstract

Do it for the gram: results from the physical activity and social media support (PASS) study

SHALIS DANAYAN, B.S. (pursuing), ZAKKOYYA H. LEWIS, PH.D.

Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion; California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Pomona, CA

Category: Undergraduate

Advisor / Mentor: Lewis, Zakkoyya (zakkoyyal@cpp.edu)

ABSTRACT

Physical inactivity are prevalent global public health issues. Internet-based interventions may offer the most potential due to the opportunity for widespread community outreach, large-scale physical activity promotion, and active user engagement. Instagram is of particular interest because of the various methods of interaction with options but with the rise of …

Physical Activity During Pregnancy May Mitigate Adverse Outcomes Resulting From Covid-19 And Distancing Regulations: Perspectives Of Prenatal Healthcare Providers In The Southern Region Of The United States, Taniya S. Nagpal, Jill Maples, Cathryn Duchette, Elizabeth A. Altizer, Rachel Tinius

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(3): 1138-1150, 2021. Prenatal physical activity (PA) may mitigate adverse outcomes that have increased as a result of the coronavirus pandemic, including poor maternal mental health. This study explored the perspectives of prenatal healthcare providers (PHCP) on maternal PA during the pandemic and identified resources providers would like to have to inform clinical discussions and prescription of PA. Semi-structured interviews were completed with PHCPs following a qualitative description approach. A content analysis coded data to inform three study objectives: 1. Changes to maternal health, 2. The role prenatal PA can have during a pandemic, 3. …

Cycling With Short Crank Lengths Improved Economy In Novices, Boe Burrus, Jessie Armendariz, Brian Moscicki

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(1): 1123-1137, 2021. Novice endurance athletes utilize slower movements and smaller ranges of motion compared to trained endurance athletes. Novice cyclists have been shown to follow this paradigm via the use of slower cadences but may further benefit by utilizing shorter crank lengths to affect speed of movement and range of motion. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of shorter than traditional crank lengths on the physiological response and performance of novice cyclists exercising at 60% of VO_2peak. A total of 14 male novice cyclists (25.9 ± 6.9 yrs.) …

Coordniation Of Center Of Mass Velocity And Upper Extremity Kinematics During Basketball Shots From Two Distances, Casey Wiens, Jill Mcnitt-Gray

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to analyze the coordination patterns for individual players when shooting from different distances. Seven experienced basketball players attempted at least 10 shots from 4.19 m and 6.02 m from the hoop. The coordination between the player’s center of mass vertical velocity, upper arm angular velocity, and forearm angular velocity were characterized using phase-plane analysis. Within player, coordination of center of mass vertical velocity and arm kinematics were found to be unique to each individual and comparable between shot distances, particularly during the shot preparation phase. Deviations in coordination patterns between shot distances were attributed …

Fractal Analyses Of Gait Variability During A Marathon, Ben Hunter, Bettina Karsten, Andrew Greenhalgh, Mark Burnley, Aliaksandr Leuchanka, Tim Clark, Daniel Muniz-Pumares

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and Higuchi’s fractal dimension (HG) have previously been used to characterise motor control during gait. However, there is limited evidence of either being applied to running gait within a race environment. The aims were to: i) examine statistical persistence and fractal dimension of stride dynamics during a marathon, and ii) explore the relationship between DFA and HG for running gait. Therefore, DFA and HG were applied to stride interval series of each km of the 2018 TCS New York Marathon. Results showed consistent persistence, variability, and fractal dimension of stride interval series throughout the marathon with …

Kinematic Attributes Associated With Overarm Throwing Performance In Cricket, Billy Lozowski, Alexandra Atack, Ryan Mahaffey

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to identify the kinematic attributes associated with throwing performance (ball velocity and accuracy) in cricket. Three-dimensional motion analysis of sixteen cricketers performing 30 ground-fielding attempts towards a target from three approach directions (straight, non-dominant and dominant) was captured. Vertical release angle, stride length, trunk flexion velocity & forward trunk tilt angle at release were significant predictors of ball velocity across the three approach conditions. Horizontal release angle was a significant predictor of throw accuracy in all three approaches. ANOVAs revealed that throws were significantly quicker from the straight approach, and significantly more accurate in …

Shot Performance And Cue Stick Kinematics Of Top Spin Shots In Cue Sports Players Of Various Playing Levels, Pui Wah Kong, Jing Wen Pan, John Komar, Chen Yang

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aimed to compare the shot performance and kinematics of the cue stick in top spin shots between less-skilled and skilled players. Twenty-five cue sports players were recruited and assigned to the less-skilled (n = 12) or skilled (n = 13) groups. Ten successful top spin trials were recorded for each participant. 2D video analysis was employed to evaluate shot performance which was represented by an error distance. A 3D motion capture system was used to obtain kinematic data of the cue stick during the cueing movement. The results showed that skilled players were more consistent in their performance …

Isbs 2021 Conference Proceedings Title And Foreward, Wayne Spratford, Celeste Coltman, Nick Brown, John Warmenhoven

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The ISBS is an international society totally dedicated to biomechanics in sports, whose primary purposes are:

• To provide a forum for the exchange of ideas for sports biomechanics researchers, coaches and teachers.
• To bridge the gap between researchers and practitioners.
• To gather and disseminate information and materials on biomechanics in sports.

The conference planned for Canberra, Australia did not go ahead in a face-to-face capacity due to COVID-19. The conference was instead delivered fully online. These proceedings are the accepted papers for the online conference.

Papers underwent a double blinded review process. Each paper in these proceedings has been reviewed …