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2002

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The Extended Family: Reviewing An Invaluable Resource, Elaine Walton, Jini Roby, Richard Sullivan, Amy Frandsen Dec 2002

The Extended Family: Reviewing An Invaluable Resource, Elaine Walton, Jini Roby, Richard Sullivan, Amy Frandsen

Journal of Family Strengths

During the last two decades, the extended family has been rediscovered as a viable and meaningful resource for nurturing and protecting children. The purpose of this article is to provide an historical context for involving the extended family in child welfare cases and to identify key factors influencing that involvement.

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The Loss And Persistence Of Black-Owned Farms And Farmland: A Review Of The Research Literature And Its Implications, Jess Gilbert, Gwen Sharp, M. Sindy Felin Dec 2002

The Loss And Persistence Of Black-Owned Farms And Farmland: A Review Of The Research Literature And Its Implications, Jess Gilbert, Gwen Sharp, M. Sindy Felin

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

This paper reviews 115 articles and books published since 1971 that comprise almost all of the scholarly research on black farmers and land loss. It provides a general overview as well as discussion of the benefits of landownership for the black community. Several causes of black land and farm loss are reviewed: forced sales due to "heir property," lack of access to government programs, and continuing racial discrimination by lenders and government agencies. A number of the works cited provide possible ways to slow the loss of black-owned land, including strategies to increase the profitability of individual farms and increased …

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The Martin County Project: A Student, Faculty, And Citizen Effort At Researching The Effects Of A Technological Disaster, Stephanie Mcspirit, Sharon Hardesty, Robert Welch Dec 2002

The Martin County Project: A Student, Faculty, And Citizen Effort At Researching The Effects Of A Technological Disaster, Stephanie Mcspirit, Sharon Hardesty, Robert Welch

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

This research note describes two simultaneous events: the Martin County coal waste disaster of October 2000 and our own research efforts in Martin County, Kentucky, in studying the effects of the disaster on the impacted community. Our research was unique in that we involved a large team of undergraduate students in our field and data collections efforts. We also applied more democratic and participatory methods than has been typical in the "techno-disasters" research. We believe that our expanded method has allowed us to glean insights and understanding into the effects and political dynamics of the Martin County coal waste disaster. …

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Lagoons, Litter, And The Law: Cafo Regulation As Social Risk Politics, Larry L. Burmeister Dec 2002

Lagoons, Litter, And The Law: Cafo Regulation As Social Risk Politics, Larry L. Burmeister

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

The restructuring of the animal agriculture industry in the United States, a response to globalization dynamics within the world economy, has created a new social risk profile which did not exist in this industry prior to the adoption of factory farm technology. Analysis of the CAFO [concentrated animal feeding operation] regulation debate in Kentucky illustrates the political economy genesis of social risk politics accompanying this new technology. The politics of regulatory efforts to ameliorate such risk, an increasingly frequent occurrence in the risk society era, are examined in a recent attempt to promulgate a CAFO regulatory regime in Kentucky. This …

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Passing The Cluck, Dodging Pullets: Corporate Power, Environmental Responsibility, And The Contract Poultry Grower, Joseph J. Molnar, Thomas Hoban, Gail Brant Dec 2002

Passing The Cluck, Dodging Pullets: Corporate Power, Environmental Responsibility, And The Contract Poultry Grower, Joseph J. Molnar, Thomas Hoban, Gail Brant

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Broiler production is concentrated in a few southem states where farmers are highly dependent on contract arrangements for income and livelihood. Poultry is the first animal industry to industrialize and its model of contract farming has been emulated by other animal industries. Environmental standards are becoming increasingly stringent and many farmers are faced with crossroad decisions about investments in dead bird and manure disposal facilities. Asymmetrical power relationships shift waste management responsibilities to growers in a number of ways. This paper details maneuvers poultry integrators use to avoid environmental risk and transfer it to their contract growers. Corporations "pass the …

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Social Capital, Structural Conditions, And Mortality: A Study Of Nonmetropolitan Counties In Mississippi, Domenico Parisi, Steven Michael Grice, Michael Taquino, Duane A. Gill Dec 2002

Social Capital, Structural Conditions, And Mortality: A Study Of Nonmetropolitan Counties In Mississippi, Domenico Parisi, Steven Michael Grice, Michael Taquino, Duane A. Gill

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

In this study, we examine the extent to which structural conditions that favor investment in social capital affect mortality across nonmetro counties in Mississippi. To this end, we focus on four county structural conditions: (1) place of residence within county boundaries, (2) civic infrastructure, (3) economic conditions, and (4) county regional location. The results clearly indicate that structural conditions that favor investment in social capital lead to lower mortality. Specifically, concentration of disadvantage conditions has an independent effect on mortality. That is, its effect operates independentIy of other structural conditions. In contrast, the effects of place of residence and civic …

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Globalization, Broiler Production, And Community Controversy In East Texas, Douglas H. Constance Dec 2002

Globalization, Broiler Production, And Community Controversy In East Texas, Douglas H. Constance

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

The poultry industry was the first livestock commodity sector to adopt an industrial organizational model. In recent years the pouItry industry has expanded beyond national boundaries into a globalized system of production. The globalization of agriculture and food is a frequent topic of discussion for researchers interested in rural society. A common focus of these discussions is the consequences of corporate penetration on rural areas and the ways local communities respond to such corporate actions. This paper uses the case of the introduction of large-scale broiler production in East Texas combined with a sociology of agriculture and food conceptual framework …

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Bribing Biodiversity: Corruption, Participation, And Community-Based Management In Venezuela, Brooke Ann Zanetell, Barbara A. Knuth Dec 2002

Bribing Biodiversity: Corruption, Participation, And Community-Based Management In Venezuela, Brooke Ann Zanetell, Barbara A. Knuth

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Widespread alarm over the continuing decline of marine and freshwater fisheries has prompted research on the theory and practice of community-based management (CBM). Considering the suite of possible CBM benefits--including local involvement, compliance with regulations, reduced enforcement costs, and sustainable resource use--it is understandable that CBM projects are on the rise. However, there is insufficient examination of the challenges to CBM and the context-specific feasibility of grassroots stewardship. In response, we applied an assessment framework to a Venezuelan fishery to evaluate the feasibility of CBM and to identify barriers to its fruition. We used a variety of methods in concert …

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Reflection Influence On Output Frequency Spectrum At Submillimeter Frequency Tunable Gyrotrons, Aripin Aripin, B. Kurniawan Dec 2002

Reflection Influence On Output Frequency Spectrum At Submillimeter Frequency Tunable Gyrotrons, Aripin Aripin, B. Kurniawan

Makara Journal of Science

Influence of output window reflections on oscillatory processes in gyrotrons has been studied. The processes in a gyrotron have been modeled numerically, and enhancement of the spectrum signal in the presence of reflections has been studied. Dependencies of output power versus time and frequency spectrum for different value of reflection coefficient are given. Possibilities of significant increasing of output spectrum are demonstrated experimentally. The results demonstrate significant influence of reflections on operation stability and composition of the output radiation of the gyrotron.

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Perbaikan Geometrik Trase Jaringan Jalan Dengan Menggunakan Teknologi Penginderaan Jauh Dan Sistem Informasi Geografis, Bangun Muljo Sukojo, Hendro Kustarto Dec 2002

Perbaikan Geometrik Trase Jaringan Jalan Dengan Menggunakan Teknologi Penginderaan Jauh Dan Sistem Informasi Geografis, Bangun Muljo Sukojo, Hendro Kustarto

Makara Journal of Science

Geometric Improvement Of Trace Network Road with Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System. Together with a great development in road network at such district, it must be followed by changing information that should be suited to the condition at present. For supporting the information changes, the remote sensing technology could be applied. It is one of technology with a great increment and needed to various applications. The application of remote sensing technology is close related to spatial field which is used to be achieved from non digital because of limitation facilities and other obstacle. However with remote sensing technology, those …

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Spektroskopi Inframerah Senyawa Kalsium Fosfat Hasil Presipitasi, Djarwani S. Soejoko, Sri Wahyuni Dec 2002

Spektroskopi Inframerah Senyawa Kalsium Fosfat Hasil Presipitasi, Djarwani S. Soejoko, Sri Wahyuni

Makara Journal of Science

Infrared Spectroscopy of Precipitated Calcium Phosphate Compound. Samples of calcium phosphate compounds were produced from saturated solutions containing of calcium and phosphate ions. The experiments were carried out using solutions at temperature 25 º C and 70 º C, combined with different pH value of 5, 7, 9 and 11. Precipitation mass from solutions at 70 º C was relatively higher compare to that produced from solutions at 25 º C. It was also shown that generally the mass precipitation rose with the increasing of pH. Sample analyses were performed with the use of infrared spectroscopy, particularly for the samples …

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Pengembangan Sistem Penciuman Elektronik Dengan 16 Buah Sensor Kuarsa Dan Algoritma Neural Propagasi Balik Untuk Pengenalan Aroma Campuran, Benyamin Kusumoputro, Wisnu Jatmiko Dec 2002

Pengembangan Sistem Penciuman Elektronik Dengan 16 Buah Sensor Kuarsa Dan Algoritma Neural Propagasi Balik Untuk Pengenalan Aroma Campuran, Benyamin Kusumoputro, Wisnu Jatmiko

Makara Journal of Science

An artificial odor recognition system is developed for discriminating odors. This artificial system consisted of 16 quartz resonator crystals as the sensor array, a frequency modulator and a frequency counter for each sensor that are connected directly to a microcomputer. We have already shown that the artificial odor recognition system with 4 sensors is high enough to discriminate simple odor correctly, however, when it was used to discriminate compound odors, the recognition capability of this system is dropped significantly to be about 40%. Results of experiments show that the developed artificial system with 16 sensors could discriminate compound aroma based …

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Perbaikan Geometrik Trase Jaringan Jalan Dengan Menggunakan Teknologi Penginderaan Jauh Dan Sistem Informasi Geografis, Bangun Muljo Sukojo, Hendro Kustarto Dec 2002

Perbaikan Geometrik Trase Jaringan Jalan Dengan Menggunakan Teknologi Penginderaan Jauh Dan Sistem Informasi Geografis, Bangun Muljo Sukojo, Hendro Kustarto

Makara Journal of Science

Geometric Improvement Of Trace Network Road with Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System. Together with a great development in road network at such district, it must be followed by changing information that should be suited to the condition at present. For supporting the information changes, the remote sensing technology could be applied. It is one of technology with a great increment and needed to various applications. The application of remote sensing technology is close related to spatial field which is used to be achieved from non digital because of limitation facilities and other obstacle. However with remote sensing technology, those …

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Pengembangan Sistem Penciuman Elektronik Dengan 16 Buah Sensor Kuarsa Dan Algoritma Neural Propagasi Balik Untuk Pengenalan Aroma Campuran, Benyamin Kusumoputro, Wisnu Jatmiko Dec 2002

Pengembangan Sistem Penciuman Elektronik Dengan 16 Buah Sensor Kuarsa Dan Algoritma Neural Propagasi Balik Untuk Pengenalan Aroma Campuran, Benyamin Kusumoputro, Wisnu Jatmiko

Makara Journal of Science

An artificial odor recognition system is developed for discriminating odors. This artificial system consisted of 16 quartz resonator crystals as the sensor array, a frequency modulator and a frequency counter for each sensor that are connected directly to a microcomputer. We have already shown that the artificial odor recognition system with 4 sensors is high enough to discriminate simple odor correctly, however, when it was used to discriminate compound odors, the recognition capability of this system is dropped significantly to be about 40%. Results of experiments show that the developed artificial system with 16 sensors could discriminate compound aroma based …

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Aplikasi Reaksi Katalisis Heterogen Untuk Pembuatan Vanili Sintetik (3-Hidroksi-2-Metoksibenzaldehida) Dari Eugenol (4-Allil-2-Metoksifenol) Minyak Cengkeh, Widajanti Wibowo, Wahyudi Priyono Suwarso, Triesye Utari, Henny Purwaningsih Dec 2002

Aplikasi Reaksi Katalisis Heterogen Untuk Pembuatan Vanili Sintetik (3-Hidroksi-2-Metoksibenzaldehida) Dari Eugenol (4-Allil-2-Metoksifenol) Minyak Cengkeh, Widajanti Wibowo, Wahyudi Priyono Suwarso, Triesye Utari, Henny Purwaningsih

Makara Journal of Science

No abstract provided.

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Aktivitas Lipolitik Rhizopus Microsporus Var. Rhizopodiformis Isolat Uicc No. 6, Iman Iman, Sitaresmi Sitaresmi, Doni Prayudi, Kudin Kudin Dec 2002

Aktivitas Lipolitik Rhizopus Microsporus Var. Rhizopodiformis Isolat Uicc No. 6, Iman Iman, Sitaresmi Sitaresmi, Doni Prayudi, Kudin Kudin

Makara Journal of Science

The lipolytic activity of Rhizopus microsporus var rhizopodiformis isolat UICC No. 6. A study was carried out to examine the effect of peptone concentration (2,5% or 5%), inoculum concentration (0,1%, 0,5% or 1%) and incubation period (0 – 96 hours, interval 12 hours) on the lipolytic activity of Rhizopus microsporus var rhizopodiformis isolat UICC No. 6. Fermentation was done using the basal medium from Samad and the lipolytic activity on olive oil substrate was measured employing titration method with 0,05M NaOH. Lipolytic activity is expressed as unit/ml and one unit is defined as 1 mmol fatty acid liberated per minute. …

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Aktivitas Lipolitik Rhizopus Microsporus Var. Rhizopodiformis Isolat Uicc No. 6, Iman Iman, Sitaresmi Sitaresmi, Doni Prayudi, Kudin Kudin Dec 2002

Aktivitas Lipolitik Rhizopus Microsporus Var. Rhizopodiformis Isolat Uicc No. 6, Iman Iman, Sitaresmi Sitaresmi, Doni Prayudi, Kudin Kudin

Makara Journal of Science

The lipolytic activity of Rhizopus microsporus var rhizopodiformis isolat UICC No. 6. A study was carried out to examine the effect of peptone concentration (2,5% or 5%), inoculum concentration (0,1%, 0,5% or 1%) and incubation period (0 – 96 hours, interval 12 hours) on the lipolytic activity of Rhizopus microsporus var rhizopodiformis isolat UICC No. 6. Fermentation was done using the basal medium from Samad and the lipolytic activity on olive oil substrate was measured employing titration method with 0,05M NaOH. Lipolytic activity is expressed as unit/ml and one unit is defined as 1 mmol fatty acid liberated per minute. …

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Reflection Influence On Output Frequency Spectrum At Submillimeter Frequency Tunable Gyrotrons, Aripin Aripin, B. Kurniawan Dec 2002

Reflection Influence On Output Frequency Spectrum At Submillimeter Frequency Tunable Gyrotrons, Aripin Aripin, B. Kurniawan

Makara Journal of Science

Influence of output window reflections on oscillatory processes in gyrotrons has been studied. The processes in a gyrotron have been modeled numerically, and enhancement of the spectrum signal in the presence of reflections has been studied. Dependencies of output power versus time and frequency spectrum for different value of reflection coefficient are given. Possibilities of significant increasing of output spectrum are demonstrated experimentally. The results demonstrate significant influence of reflections on operation stability and composition of the output radiation of the gyrotron.

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Aplikasi Reaksi Katalisis Heterogen Untuk Pembuatan Vanili Sintetik (3-Hidroksi-2-Metoksibenzaldehida) Dari Eugenol (4-Allil-2-Metoksifenol) Minyak Cengkeh, Widajanti Wibowo, Wahyudi Priyono Suwarso, Triesye Utari, Henny Purwaningsih Dec 2002

Aplikasi Reaksi Katalisis Heterogen Untuk Pembuatan Vanili Sintetik (3-Hidroksi-2-Metoksibenzaldehida) Dari Eugenol (4-Allil-2-Metoksifenol) Minyak Cengkeh, Widajanti Wibowo, Wahyudi Priyono Suwarso, Triesye Utari, Henny Purwaningsih

Makara Journal of Science

No abstract provided.

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Spektroskopi Inframerah Senyawa Kalsium Fosfat Hasil Presipitasi, Djarwani S. Soejoko, Sri Wahyuni Dec 2002

Spektroskopi Inframerah Senyawa Kalsium Fosfat Hasil Presipitasi, Djarwani S. Soejoko, Sri Wahyuni

Makara Journal of Science

Infrared Spectroscopy of Precipitated Calcium Phosphate Compound. Samples of calcium phosphate compounds were produced from saturated solutions containing of calcium and phosphate ions. The experiments were carried out using solutions at temperature 25 º C and 70 º C, combined with different pH value of 5, 7, 9 and 11. Precipitation mass from solutions at 70 º C was relatively higher compare to that produced from solutions at 25 º C. It was also shown that generally the mass precipitation rose with the increasing of pH. Sample analyses were performed with the use of infrared spectroscopy, particularly for the samples …

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The Syntheses Of [Bzme3n]2[Mo4o10(Ome)6], Ridla Bakri Dec 2002

The Syntheses Of [Bzme3n]2[Mo4o10(Ome)6], Ridla Bakri

Makara Journal of Science

In an attempt to synthesize [BzMe3N]2Mo2O5(OMe)5 from the reaction of [BzMe3N]2MoO4 and MoO(OMe)4 in the ratio of 1:1 in methanol has produced [BzMe3N]2Mo4O10(OMe)6. The formation of [Mo4O10(OMe)6]2- anion suggests that ligand dissociation has occured in solution. Suitable crystals for X-ray chrystallographic were obtained from hot methanol and the crystal structure of [BzMe3N]2Mo4O10(OMe)6 has been solved and reported here in.

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The Syntheses Of [Bzme3n]2[Mo4o10(Ome)6], Ridla Bakri Dec 2002

The Syntheses Of [Bzme3n]2[Mo4o10(Ome)6], Ridla Bakri

Makara Journal of Science

In an attempt to synthesize [BzMe3N]2Mo2O5(OMe)5 from the reaction of [BzMe3N]2MoO4 and MoO(OMe)4 in the ratio of 1:1 in methanol has produced [BzMe3N]2Mo4O10(OMe)6. The formation of [Mo4O10(OMe)6]2- anion suggests that ligand dissociation has occured in solution. Suitable crystals for X-ray chrystallographic were obtained from hot methanol and the crystal structure of [BzMe3N]2Mo4O10(OMe)6 has been solved and reported here in.

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Environmental & Architectural Phenomenology Vol. 14, No. 1, Kansas State University. Architecture Department Dec 2002

Environmental & Architectural Phenomenology Vol. 14, No. 1, Kansas State University. Architecture Department

Environmental & Architectural Phenomenology

No abstract provided.

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Patentable Subject [Anti]Matter, Kristoffer Leftwich Dec 2002

Patentable Subject [Anti]Matter, Kristoffer Leftwich

Duke Law & Technology Review

The statements, "The laws of nature," "the principles of nature," "the fundamental truths," etc., are not patentable, have been oft repeated but seldom understandingly used. They have led to misunderstanding and much confusion, not limited to members of the bar. In fact, the words... are all words of broad and also elastic meaning and are frequently used carelessly and without any attempt at refined distinctions.

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Trends. The Paradise Hotel Bombing: Trouble In Judicial Paradise, Ibpp Editor Dec 2002

Trends. The Paradise Hotel Bombing: Trouble In Judicial Paradise, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discussed the bombing of the Kenyan Hotel Paradise in November 2002, and the detention of suspects.

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The Influence Of Energy Grouping And Undulation On Sediment Suspension In The Surf Zone, Po-Ching Lin, Hsien-Ter Chou, Jea-Tzyy Juang Dec 2002

The Influence Of Energy Grouping And Undulation On Sediment Suspension In The Surf Zone, Po-Ching Lin, Hsien-Ter Chou, Jea-Tzyy Juang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the wave energy grouping and undulating on the sediment suspension in the surf zone at Taichung, Taiwan, in 1995. Instruments were deployed in line with the wave front, including one acoustic current meter, one pressure sensor, and four optical turbidity monitors were arranged in line and perpendicular to the bed. During the experiments the water depth was varied from 0.7 m to 3.6 m due to the tide level variations. The instruments were fixed to the ground to have data collected throughout the surf zone while the relative position of …

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Atmospheric Transmittance Of Amsu Channels: A Fast Computation Model, Tsung-Hua Kuo, Gin-Rong Liu, Chen-Gen Huang, Tang-Huang Lin, Chung-Chih Liu Dec 2002

Atmospheric Transmittance Of Amsu Channels: A Fast Computation Model, Tsung-Hua Kuo, Gin-Rong Liu, Chen-Gen Huang, Tang-Huang Lin, Chung-Chih Liu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

In this study, the atmospheric transmittance of individual NOAA AMSU microwave channels was computed into a 40-layer atmospheric line-by-line FASCODE radiation model. Long-term sounding data from 1956 to 1991 collected over the Taiwan area was used to construct a 40-layer standard atmospheric model for the island. The simulated transmittance was also used to establish a regression-based fast-algorithm model to compute the atmospheric transmittance of Taiwan and its surrounding areas for various purposes. Despite the fact that the lower atmospheric layers of channels 14-18 indicated larger errors, the overall results revealed that the absolute value difference between the AMSU pass band-averaged …

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Experimental Nonlinear Modeling Of A Rotating Machine With An Oil Film Bearing, Chiou-Fong Chung, Pi-Cheng Tung, Chiang-Nan Chang Dec 2002

Experimental Nonlinear Modeling Of A Rotating Machine With An Oil Film Bearing, Chiou-Fong Chung, Pi-Cheng Tung, Chiang-Nan Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

In this study the system identification method is applied to obtain a nonlinear equation for an oil film rotating system. The centrifugal force induced by an unbalanced mass is used as the input signal for identification, and the phase between the input signal and the measured output vibration amplitude is calculated to perform the identification. Stability analysis and system performance are evaluated by using the root locus and the Floquet-Liapunov theorem. Based on the model, the oil whirl of the journal bearing can be predicted. A comparison between the simulation results and some experimented data shows the feasibility of the …

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Fast Convergence Control Approach For High Dimensional Chaotic Systems, Hsun-Heng Tsai, Chyun-Chau Fuh, Pi-Cheng Tung Dec 2002

Fast Convergence Control Approach For High Dimensional Chaotic Systems, Hsun-Heng Tsai, Chyun-Chau Fuh, Pi-Cheng Tung

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

A simple and efficient method for controlling high dimensional discrete-time chaotic systems is proposed in this paper. This method is implemented similar to the OGY method, and is feasible for practical experiments. The key component is to assign the eigenvalues of a linearized map by using the well-known pole placement technique. According to the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, the trajectory will converge to the desired fixed point after n iterations at most (n is the dimension of the map), if the real trajectory of the chaotic system falls within the neighborhood of the desired fixed point. The proposed approach improves the convergence …

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Application Of The Force Control On The Working Path Tacking, Sun-Run Wang, Zhi-Zhong Qiao, Pi-Cheng Tung Dec 2002

Application Of The Force Control On The Working Path Tacking, Sun-Run Wang, Zhi-Zhong Qiao, Pi-Cheng Tung

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

For the application of tracking the path on workpieces, the CCD (Charge Couple Device) identificating system is generally used as one of the popular resolutions. However, the implementation of CCD identificating system is complex and environmental-limited. This study presents a compliant motion controller by using the end-effector installed with a force sensor. This results the smoothly path tracking on a workpiece. By applying the algorithm of Fuzzy into this compliant motion, the compliant control is improved and the path on the workpiece is found more quickly and accurately. A radius compensating method is used to correct the measured data. The …

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