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Tunnel Damage Resulting From Seismic Loading, J. S. Phillips, B. A. Luke

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Correlation of ground motion to observed tunnel damage has largely been based on estimates of ground motion rather than observations and measurements. In an effort to provide a data set that included both measured ground motions and documented tunnel response, an experiment was designed and fielded 0.5 km from a recent underground nuclear explosion (UNE) which had a body wave magnitude, m_b, and a Richter local magnitude, M_L, of 5.0. The data obtained in this experiment are summarized in the paper. The discussion centers on the applicability of the results of this experiment to the design …

Analysis Of Liquefaction Hazard Due To Earthquake, Junfei Xie, Zhaoji Shi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The aim of this work is to establish a quantitative analysis approach of liquefaction hazard. Based on the microscopic field data of liquefaction it is pointed out that non-uniform settlement of building is the primary type of damages caused by sand liquefaction during earthquake. Then a computation algorithm for evaluating settlements is programmed on the basis of “Softening model” idea, and 33 liquefaction settlement events are evaluated by use of this test-computation approach. The results of these evaluations are in good agreement with the observed ones.

Analysis Of Liquefiable Sand Deposits Using Gravel Drains, Zhi-Ying Xu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this paper, based on the simplified assumption about seismic pore water pressure a partial differential equation of 3-D axi-symmetrical problem which takes into account of the generation, diffusion and dissipation of seismic pore water pressure is presented. This equation is then solved by the method of separation of variables and 5-function and a mathematical formula for residual pore water pressure is obtained. The formula can be used in the calculation and design of the gravel drains installed in the sand layer prone to liquefy. The computed results by this formula are presented in a series of charts which can …

Applicability Of Effective Stress Analysis For The Soil-Structure System In Design Practice, Shunji Fujii

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In the design process of a high rise building in Niigata City, the prediction of liquefaction potential has been conducted by comparing liquefaction resistance obtained from laboratory tests, with shear stress obtained in a total stress analysis of a soil-structure model. As an attempt, one dimensional and two dimensional effective stress analysis were carried out by using a computer program DIANA. By the comparison of these analytical results, the applicability of the effective stress analysis to the actual soil-structure system has been examined.

Deformation Of Coarse Materials Associated With Cyclic Loadings, Jiro Kuwano, Shih-Chang Chen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A series of static and cyclic triaxial tests was carried out on compacted greywacke sandstone containing small amount of fines. Permanent strain of saturated or air-dried sample induced by cyclic loading was measured for different cyclic loading sequences, initial shear stress, and fine content. The shear deformation and strength of those samples were also investigated by monotonic loading on virgin and post-cyclic loading samples.

Dilatometer Based Liquefaction Potential Of Sites In The Imperial Valley, F. Reyna, J. L. Chameau

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The liquefaction potential of several sites in the Imperial Valley, south California, is evaluated on the basis of standard penetration, cone, and dilatometer test data. The performance of the soil deposits at these sites during past earthquakes has been documented in earlier studies. Since the dilatometer parameter K_d is expected to reflect factors (e.g. fabric, prestress, preshaking, aging) affecting liquefaction potential to a certain extent (Marchetti, 1982), this paper primarily focuses on this parameter as an index for evaluating liquefaction potential. A tentative boundary curve (in terms of stress ratio vs. K_d) for evaluating liquefaction potential that …

Session 3: Discussions And Replies, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Dynamic Properties Of Fine-Grained Coal Refuse, C. Robert Ullrich, Barry K. Thacker, Nancy R. Roberts

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A simplified method of slope stability analysis is presented for upstream-constructed coal tailings dams subjected to earthquake shaking. The method employs a conventional method of slices approach, in which dynamic loads are represented as psuedostatic forces applied to each slice. Excess pore water pressures are estimated from cyclic triaxial tests performed on specimens of fine coal refuse. Cyclic triaxial test results are presented for fine coal refuse materials from six sites in the western Appalachian region. Measured excess pore water pressure values appear to be influenced by fine coal processing procedures, although material plasticity and grain characteristics are also important. …

Earthquake-Induced Settlement In Soft Grounds, K. Yasuhara, T. Konami, M. Hyodo, K. Hirao

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Earthquake-induced settlements in clay is derived from both undrained shear deformation and post-earthquake volume change. The former is assumed to be time-independent while the latter must be time-dependent. To determine the characteristics of cyclic-induced settlements, the authors have carried out a family of cyclic triaxial tests followed by drainage on the plastic marine clay. In every test, shear strain and excess pore pressure were measured during undrained stage and volume change was measured during dissipation of excess pore pressure. In the present study, in particular, the results from cyclic triaxial tests were formulated in order to predict the variations of …

Energy Approach For Liquefaction Of Sandy And Clayey Silts, Y. L. Cao, K. T. Law

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The liquefaction potential of sandy and clayey silts is assessed in this paper using an energy approach original developed for sand. Three series of laboratory tests were conducted to examine the liquefaction resistance of clean silt, sandy silt and clayey silt. The test results have been analyzed to establish a liquefaction failure criterion for silty soils. Based on this criterion, the case records of a new database have been studied and the results suggest that a single criterion can be used for sand, silt, sandy silt and clayey silt. For sandy or silty soils without clay content, the criterion is …

Evaluation Of Liquefaction Potential For An Earth Dam Site, Bhagwat V. K. Lavania, J. N. Sharma, S. Mukerjee

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The foundation of the proposed Polavaram Earth and Rockfill Dam (India) has a sand deposit about 15 to 30 meters deep. The medium size sand is poorly to uniformly graded having relati.ve density in the range of 40-45% and angle of internal friction 30°. Standard Penetration Tests have been conducted in 22 bore holes at site and the N-counts have been observed to range between 4 to 111. The liquefaction potential of deposit under maximum credible earthquake (MCE) for the site has been evaluated by analyzing the data on the basis of prevailing empirical approaches and by the results of …

Experiments On Soil Spring Constants During Liquefaction, Masakatsu Miyajima, Masaru Kitaura

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The present paper deals with the soil spring constant on pipeline in relation to liquefaction process. The soil spring constant is one of the most influential factors in evaluation of the pipeline failure induced by soil liquefaction. Laboratory tests were conducted using a steel pipe in order to obtain the hysteresis curve of pipe-soil layer system. Based on the experimental results, the authors propose a model of the restoring force characteristics which is represented by two soil spring constants K₁ and K₂. Furthermore, the authors investigated K₁ and K₂ in relation to the effective stress …

Liquefaction Analysis By Multi-Surface Model, Satoshi Morio

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In recent years, liquefaction phenomena induced by earthquakes have attracted considerable attention and extensive research has already been performed on various aspects. Also, many constitutive relations have been proposed in order to represent the deformation behavior during cyclic loading. These models, however, have mostly been verified by comparison stress or strain control element tests, and there have not been many numerical tests applying them to the boundary value problems. In this study, a simple and practical constitutive relation which is able to simulate the unelastic behavior of soils under multi-directional cyclic stresses is proposed. The proposed model has been introduced …

Liquefaction Analysis For Rubber Dam And Review Of Case Histories Of Liquefaction Of Gravels, Julio E. Valera, Jon Y. Kaneshiro

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A geotechnical investigation for the design and construction of an air-inflated rubber dam (for ground-water recharge) was performed, including evaluation of the liquefaction potential of the dam's foundation. The dam, about 300 feet long and 13 feet high when fully inflated is located along Alameda Creek at the upper part of the alluvial fan near Fremont, California. The sediments at the site are generally sandy gravels and gravelly sands. In order to fully investigate the liquefaction potential of the gravelly soils, the soils themselves were studied, and case histories involving similar conditions were reviewed. These case histories indicate that, in …

Seismic Design Of Earth Retaining Structures, R. V. Whitman

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Recent experiments, field observations and theoretical numerical studies are summarized: Where the simple conditions assumed by the Mononobe-Okabe theory are reproduced. ln tests, predictions and observations agree well. However, a retaining structure and surrounding soil are a complex dynamic system and behavior is far from simple. Emphasis has shifted somewhat away from dynamic stresses toward evaluation of residual displacements. With a good understanding of actual behavior, traditional methods may still be used except for large and unusual structures. The largest unknowns concern the behavior of cohesive soils and moderately dense to dense saturated sands.

Fault Processes And Liquefaction In The Marine Environment, Ronald C. Chaney

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Panel Reports: Discussions, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Meeting Minutes, Wku Student Government Association

Student Government Association

Meeting regarding elections, vacancies, presidential scholars, benefits for Persian Gulf veterans, Western Pride Week, red towel give away and resolutions.

Athletic & Other Spending At Western Kentucky University, Wku University Senate

Faculty Senate

In keeping with the Senate's continuing interest in athletic spending at Western, the Fiscal Affairs Committee examined audited university accounts of spending for Intercollegiate athletics in 1989-90. The committee also examined financial data for academic units (academic departments and libraries) and administration (executive management and the deans' offices of Potter, Ogden and the colleges of business and education). Where possible, this report of our findings includes comparable figures going back several years to show trends in athletic, academic and administrative spending at Western.

Grazing Alfalfa, Harlan E. White

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa has tremendous potential as a pasture plant. The characteristics such as high yields, high quality, persistence, and drought tolerance that make it so valuable for hay and silage production also make it extremely useful for grazing. Properly managed so it has adequate recovery periods after being grazed, it can provide grazing over a six-month grazing season.

Hay Testing And Marketing Update, Jimmy C. Henning

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

The hay testing program of the Kentucky Department of Agriculture continues to be actively involved across the state. Presently, there are stationary NIR labs in Frankfort, Glasgow, and Paducah. These labs operate somewhat differently from traditional forage testing labs because, for the price of analyzing the forage sample ($10), they will actually come to the farm and sample your hay! To get your forage analyzed, call the Department of Agriculture in Frankfort at 1-800-248-4628. They will find a convenient time to meet with you at your bam for sampling. The KDA. samplers will also rate your hay for several visual …

The Role In Alfalfa In Soil Conservation, Glenn D. Johnson

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Due to its many benefits, alfalfa has earned its reputation as "Queen of the Forages". Some of alfalfa's advantages are 1) very high nutritional value for all classes of livestock, 2) adaptability to a wide range of soils and growing conditions, 3) flexibility in being able to be grown alone or with grasses, 4) to be harvested for hay, silage or pasture, 5) strong seedling vigor and 6) high yields.

Alfalfa also should be rated "Queen of the Forages" as a crop for the soil. In addition to its many other benefits, alfalfa is an excellent choice for soil improvement …

Alfalfa Disease Management, Paul C. Vincelli

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa can be a vigorous and productive forage crop for Kentucky farmers. Like all farm crops, however, alfalfa is subject to infectious diseases that can limit forage production. Managing these diseases is an important part of economical alfalfa production.

Weed Control Strategies For Alfalfa Production, James R. Martin

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

The importance of weed control in alfalfa production should not be overlooked especially when you consider the high investment associated with this crop.

Management Options For Thinning Alfalfa Stands, Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa "Queen of the Forage Crops", is the most important forage legume grown in the United States. It is widely adapted and is grown over a wide range of soil and climatic conditions. Alfalfa has the highest yield potential and highest feeding value of all adapted perennial forage legumes. It is a versatile crop which can be used for pasture, hay, silage, green-chop, soil improvements and human consumption (sprouts, etc.). As a result of this crops many merits, especially yield, quality and versatile use, it can be used successfully in many animal feeding programs.

Alfalfa Varieties, Jimmy C. Henning

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Few areas of forage agriculture are changing faster than variety development in alfalfa. The 1990 revised "Alfalfa Varieties" publication of the Certified Alfalfa Seed Council listed 26 new alfalfa varieties. Of the available certified alfalfa varieties, only 10 to 15% are public varieties. The remainder are developed and marketed by commercial companies such as Agripro, Dairy land, FFR, Pioneer, Vista, W-L Research, and others. The need for yield and performance information on alfalfa varieties therefore increases yearly. In 1990, the alfalfa variety testing program was re-started under the leadership of the University of Kentucky and Western Kentucky University (WKU). Three …

Procedures For No-Till Alfalfa, Harlan E. White

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Technology is now available to successfully establish new stands of alfalfa without the need for tillage and preparation of a fine seedbed. Establishing new stands of alfalfa no-till essentially eliminates the threat of soil erosion while the new seeding is becoming established as well as the resulting ruts and gullies which damage equipment and can be dangerous to equipment operators. In addition to conserving soil, no-till seedings conserve moisture already present in the seedbed. This, plus the dramatic reduction in water run-off, improves the moisture supply for new seedlings. Less time and fuel are required to seed using no-till methods …

Foreword [1991], Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

This is the front matter of the proceedings.

Meeting Minutes, Wku Student Government Association

Student Government Association

Meeting to discuss elections, emergency phones, pudding wrestling, talent show and resolutions.

Meeting Agenda, Wku University Senate

Faculty Senate

Executive Committee meeting agenda.