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Bible A, Leaf With The Beginning Of Daniel, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible A, Leaf With The Beginning Of Daniel, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

The protagonist of this book, Daniel, is a young Jewish man who remained faithful to God even though Israel had fallen into the hands of the Babylonians and later the Persians. The first half of the book is historical narrative containing six stories, five about Daniel and one about his friends.

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Bible A, Leaf With Obadiah And The Prologue To And Beginning Of Jonas, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible A, Leaf With Obadiah And The Prologue To And Beginning Of Jonas, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

The Book of Obadiah is the shortest of the prophetic books, and consists of only twenty-one verses. It contains a denunciation of Judah's traditional enemies, the Edomites, who assisted in the overthrow of Judah by Nebuchadnezzar. Also included is the prologue and beginning of Jonas, the fifth book of the twelve Minor Prophets. The tale relates the events of Jonas' life as opposed to addressing mystical themes of prophesy.

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Bible A, Leaf With The End Of Amos, The Prologue, And Obadiah, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible A, Leaf With The End Of Amos, The Prologue, And Obadiah, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

This leaf contains the conclusion of the Book of Amos and part of the book of Obadiah. The Book of Amos, of which our collection contains chapter eight, exposes the callous ways of living among the nobility of ancient Samaria in the Northern Kingdom. The Book of Obadiah is the shortest of the prophetic books, and consists of only twenty-one verses. It contains a denunciation of Judah's traditional enemies, the Edomites, who assisted in the overthrow of Judah by Nebuchadnezzar.

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Bible A, Leaf With The End Of Prologue To, And The Beginning Of Luke, Recto, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible A, Leaf With The End Of Prologue To, And The Beginning Of Luke, Recto, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

Luke, the third Gospel Book in the New Testament, presents the works and teachings of Jesus from his birth until his ascension into heaven. The letter "F" encases Zacharias, who is introduced almost instantly in the text, as a priest in the Jewish temple. Here he is shown putting incense on God's altar.

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Bible A, Leaf With The End Of The Epistle Of Paul To The Ephesians, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible A, Leaf With The End Of The Epistle Of Paul To The Ephesians, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

The ending of Paul's letter to the Ephesians.

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Bible A, Leaf With Prologue To Beginning Of Ii Corinthians, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible A, Leaf With Prologue To Beginning Of Ii Corinthians, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

I Corinthians and II Corinthians are two of the epistles of the apostle Paul.

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Bible A, Leaf With The Beginning Of The First Epistle Of Paul To Timothy, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible A, Leaf With The Beginning Of The First Epistle Of Paul To Timothy, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

While the Second Epistle of Paul to Thessalonians deals with the crises and problems of the post-Pauline Christian communities, the Epistole to Timothy presents Timothy, Paul's follower and disciple, as an ideal church leader in sharp contrast to the corrupt lives and words of the teachers of other schools in Ephesus.

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Bible E, Leaf With Opening To The Interpretation Of The Hebrew Names, Recto, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible E, Leaf With Opening To The Interpretation Of The Hebrew Names, Recto, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

The Interpretation of the Hebrew Names, once a separate book, was attached to the biblical texts, and became a common part of portable Bibles after 1230. A magnificent hybrid with a fox-like head and wings of an eagle melds with the contour of the letter "A" that opens the text.

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Song Of Solomon Dec 1199

Song Of Solomon

Todd A. Herring Archival Collection

This page of the Bible, featuring the Song of Solomon was created in Bologna, Italy, in the 13th century, two hundred years before the advent of the printing press. Written entirely by hand on paper-thin vellum, it is beautifully illustrated, and very small. The complete text probably fit into its owner�s pocket. This item was included in the Scrawl and Order exhibit, http://lib.msstate.edu/exhibits/past/.

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Bible F, Leaf With Psalms 51 (52) Through 55 (56), Recto, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible F, Leaf With Psalms 51 (52) Through 55 (56), Recto, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

Here we see a hybrid dwelling in the "D" which opens Psalm 52 (53). The decorated initial acted as a signpost, guiding the user to the psalm which began the liturgy of a particular day.

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Bible A, Leaf With The Beginning Of The Gospel Of John, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible A, Leaf With The Beginning Of The Gospel Of John, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

The Gospel of John describes the life of Jesus from the time of his baptism by John the Baptist to his passion and resurrection.

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Bible B, Leaf With Two Prologues To Maccabees And The Beginning Of I Maccabees, Recto, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible B, Leaf With Two Prologues To Maccabees And The Beginning Of I Maccabees, Recto, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

Maccabees consists of two books. The title derives from the nickname given to Judas, which as "Macabeos." He was the leader of the revolt against the Seleucid Dynasty that imposed Hellenistic religious laws upon the Jews. The Book of Maccabees contains the history of the events during the Hellenistic period leading up to the revolt.

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Bible A, Leaf With The Beginning Of The Epistles Of St. Paul To The Ephesians, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible A, Leaf With The Beginning Of The Epistles Of St. Paul To The Ephesians, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

The Epistle of Paul to the Ephesians is commonly believed to have been written in approximately 59-61 AD, during Paul's imprisonment in Rome.

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Bible A, Leaf With The Beginning Of Hebrews, Verso, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible A, Leaf With The Beginning Of Hebrews, Verso, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

The authorship of the Book of Hebrews was attributed to Paul at the end of the second century. Unlike the many Epistles of Paul, Hebrews contains no formal salutation, which indicates that the Book was originally intended as a homily or treatise written for believers everywhere, as opposed to being addressed to one particular group.

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Bible A, Leaf With The End Of Acts, And The Prologue To And Beginning Of The Epistle Of James, Recto, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible A, Leaf With The End Of Acts, And The Prologue To And Beginning Of The Epistle Of James, Recto, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

The Epistle of James stresses that faith must be backed by action. The Epistle of James emphasizes the practicalities of exercising Christianity. A hybrid with an animal head, mouth open and ears pointed straight back, resides in the initial "A" that opens the prologue to the Epistle. James stands in front of a building in the shape of a tower in the opening initial "P." This historiated initial is one of the tallest among the Bible 'A' illustrations, stretching down 34 lines of text.

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Bible B, Leaf With Two Prologues To Maccabees And The Beginning Of I Maccabees, Verso, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible B, Leaf With Two Prologues To Maccabees And The Beginning Of I Maccabees, Verso, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

Maccabees consists of two books. The title derives from the nickname given to Judas, which as "Macabeos." He was the leader of the revolt against the Seleucid Dynasty that imposed Hellenistic religious laws upon the Jews. The Book of Maccabees contains the history of the events during the Hellenistic period leading up to the revolt.

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Bible B, Leaf With Psalms 26 (27) Through 32 (33), Recto, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible B, Leaf With Psalms 26 (27) Through 32 (33), Recto, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

The Psalms (the term comes from the Greek word for songs) were understood in the Middle Ages as being written by King David. They carry an overall theme of a direct and personal relation with God. The Psalm 26 (27) on the recto, for example emphasizes the trust in the Lord because the Lord is the light, the strength, the refuge, and the protector of life: "The Lord is My light, whom shall I fear."

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Bible A, Leaf With The End Of Exodus, And The Beginning Of Leviticus, Recto, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible A, Leaf With The End Of Exodus, And The Beginning Of Leviticus, Recto, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

Exodus tells a miraculous story of the redemption of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, and their wanderings in the desert, led by Moses. It concludes with Joshua leading the Israelites into the Promised Land. Leviticus, which describes different priestly duties and rituals, follows the Book of Exodus.

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Bible A, Leaf With The End Of Luke, And A Prologue To And Beginning Of The Gospel Of John, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible A, Leaf With The End Of Luke, And A Prologue To And Beginning Of The Gospel Of John, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

The Gospel of John describes the life of Jesus from the time of his baptism by John the Baptist to his passion and resurrection. The leaf includes two fine examples of illuminations common to thirteenth century Bibles. In the left column, delineating the beginning of the prologue to the Gospel, the reader encounters a decorated initial "H" which includes a hybridized red fox intertwined through the arch of the letter. The right column of the text block incorporates an inhabited initial "I" depicting a haloed John as the Evangelist, with an eagle at his feet and a tower above his …

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Bible A, Leaf With The Prologue To And Beginning Of The Epistle To The Philippians, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible A, Leaf With The Prologue To And Beginning Of The Epistle To The Philippians, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

A dragon-snake lurks in the incipit to the prologue. Paul with a sword, this traditional attribute, is seated in the opening initial to the Epistle.

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Bible A, Leaf With The End Of Prologue To, And The Beginning Of Luke, Verso, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible A, Leaf With The End Of Prologue To, And The Beginning Of Luke, Verso, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

Luke, the third Gospel Book in the New Testament, presents the works and teachings of Jesus from his birth until his ascension into heaven. The Book of Luke concentrates on the poor, women, and children, who were often neglected in their contemporary society, but given special concern by Jesus.

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Bible A, Leaf With The End Of Galatians And The Prologue To And Beginning Of The Epistles Of St. Paul To The Ephesians, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible A, Leaf With The End Of Galatians And The Prologue To And Beginning Of The Epistles Of St. Paul To The Ephesians, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

This leaf contains chapters five and six of the Book of Galatians before the illumination of Paul, which opens the Book of Ephesians. The prologue to the epistle opens with a rinceauz initial "E." Just below, Paul is figured seated with his sword in an initial "P."

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Bible E, Leaf With Opening To The Interpretation Of The Hebrew Names, Verso, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible E, Leaf With Opening To The Interpretation Of The Hebrew Names, Verso, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

The Interpretation of the Hebrew Names, once a separate book, was attached to the biblical texts, and became a common part of portable Bibles after 1230. A magnificent hybrid with a fox-like head and wings of an eagle melds with the contour of the letter "A" that opens the text.

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Bible A, Leaf With The End Of I Corinthians, And The Prologue To Beginning Of Ii Corinthians, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible A, Leaf With The End Of I Corinthians, And The Prologue To Beginning Of Ii Corinthians, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

I Corinthians and II Corinthians are two of the epistles of the apostle Paul. In this Bible, the epistle is preceded by a prologue indicated with a decorated initial containing a hybrid figure. A figure initial inhabited by Paul opens the text of the letter. The bald, bearded apostle holds a sword, the instrument of his martyrdom.

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Bible F, Leaf With Psalms 51 (52) Through 55 (56), Verso, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible F, Leaf With Psalms 51 (52) Through 55 (56), Verso, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

We get a hint of how the scribe indicated the location and nature of the flourished initials to the illuminator. At the top of the left column, the scribe penned a small guideltter "e" before the blank space he left for the flourished initial. The illuminator, however, seems to have overlooked the opening initial to this psalm (Psalm 54 [55]).

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Bible C, Leaf With Job, Chapters 25-29, Verso, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible C, Leaf With Job, Chapters 25-29, Verso, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

The Book of Job explores human suffering and the necessity of faith. In Chapters 25 through 29, Job laments the loss of his blessed past. Line two of Chapter 29 stresses his feelings: "How I long for the months gone by, for the days when God watched over me."

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Bible A, Leaf With The End Of Jerome's Prologue To Daniel, And The Beginning Of Daniel, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible A, Leaf With The End Of Jerome's Prologue To Daniel, And The Beginning Of Daniel, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

The Book of Daniel is introduced with a historiated initial containing an image from the narrative of Daniel in the den of lions. God's protection of Daniel is shown in the illuminator with Daniel in the pit, embracing two light-lipped, rather docile lions. A dragon peeks around the edge of the initial towards the viewer.

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Bible A, Leaf With The End Of The Second Epistle Of Paul To The Thessalonians, And The Prologue To And Beginning Of The First Epistle Of Paul To Timothy, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible A, Leaf With The End Of The Second Epistle Of Paul To The Thessalonians, And The Prologue To And Beginning Of The First Epistle Of Paul To Timothy, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

While the Second Epistle of Paul to Thessalonians deals with the crises and problems of the post-Pauline Christian communities, the Epistole to Timothy presents Timothy, Paul's follower and disciple, as an ideal church leader in sharp contrast to the corrupt lives and words of the teachers of other schools in Ephesus. A foliate "T" opens the prologue. Paul is seated with his sword in the opening initial to the Epistle.

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Bible C, Leaf With The End Of Psalm 118 (119) And The First Linke Of Psalm 119 (120), Verso, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible C, Leaf With The End Of Psalm 118 (119) And The First Linke Of Psalm 119 (120), Verso, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

This leaf is without illumination, but contains alternating red and blue pen flourished initials, which provide a visual break-up of the different Psalms. In addition, each verse is marked with a red notation to aide the reader.

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Bible D, Leaf With Numbers, Chapters 14-16, Verso, Unknown Dec 1199

Bible D, Leaf With Numbers, Chapters 14-16, Verso, Unknown

Sacred Leaves Manuscript Collection

Numbers takes its name from the original tribes of Israel and is part of the Pentateuch. The overall theme of the book is about inspiration for communities experiencing turmoil or relocation. The original tribes living in the Promised Land rebelled against the laws imposed on them by Moses.

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