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Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

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Association Among Student Retention And Program Utilization Within An Independent Community College In Northeastern New Mexico, Geno Castillo Dec 2024

Association Among Student Retention And Program Utilization Within An Independent Community College In Northeastern New Mexico, Geno Castillo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem investigated in this study was the trend of decreasing student retention of first-year, degree-seeking college students at an independent community college located in northeastern New Mexico. The purpose of the study was to examine the association between student retention and program utilization. The research question was to determine if statistically significant differences existed between first-year students at an independent community college in northeastern New Mexico who did and did not utilize government-funded tutoring programs, which is a peer-led program managed by the Center for Academic Excellence. The theoretical foundation for the study was Tinto’s student retention theory model. …


Hiring, Training, And Retaining Mental Health Professionals At Rural Wisconsin Correctional Facilities, Jessica Kallenbach Dec 2024

Hiring, Training, And Retaining Mental Health Professionals At Rural Wisconsin Correctional Facilities, Jessica Kallenbach

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Correctional facilities in rural Wisconsin have noted a shortage of trained mental health professionals to provide care. Common barriers to providing mental health services in rural areas are the availability and accessibility of mental health professionals. Due to limited access to financial and career benefits, mental health professionals tend to avoid working in these areas. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experience of mental health professionals, administrators, and supervisors in hiring, training, and retaining staff in rural Wisconsin correctional facilities. Bandura’s social learning theory was used to guide the study. Data was collected from …


Special Education Co-Teachers’ Role In The Adoption Of Information And Communication Technology Tools In Inclusive Classrooms, Amy Hysick Dec 2024

Special Education Co-Teachers’ Role In The Adoption Of Information And Communication Technology Tools In Inclusive Classrooms, Amy Hysick

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Co-teaching is a common service delivery model where a general and special education teacher are paired in the same classroom, though little is known about the experiences of secondary special education co-teachers in the adoption and use of information and communication technology (ICT) tools in inclusive, co-taught classrooms. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the experiences of special education co-teachers in the adoption and use of ICT tools. Venkatesh et al.’s unified theory of the acceptance and use of technology was the conceptual framework for the study. The research question focused on the experiences of special education …


Perceptions Of Black Women’S Portraits Of Beauty In Essence Magazine, Dr. Rachel Mingo Dec 2024

Perceptions Of Black Women’S Portraits Of Beauty In Essence Magazine, Dr. Rachel Mingo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Historically, beauty standards in the United States were rooted in White ideals, influencing media portrayals of Black women to align with White features like lighter skin and straightened hair. Although recent studies suggest a slow shift toward a more diverse representation of Black beauty, depictions in magazines still predominantly reflect mainstream Western beauty ideals, leading to potential negative impacts on Black women’s self-esteem and body image. The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to explore how young Black women, ages 18–25, perceive portrayals of Black beauty in Essence magazine. Black feminist thought constituted the theoretical basis for this study. …


Staff Education To Expand Clinicians’ Knowledge Of Standardized Screening Tools In Addiction Treatment, Uwaezu Mercy Kalu Dec 2024

Staff Education To Expand Clinicians’ Knowledge Of Standardized Screening Tools In Addiction Treatment, Uwaezu Mercy Kalu

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project focuses on a staff education initiative to enhance clinicians' knowledge and application of standardized screening tools for co-occurring mental health disorders in addiction treatment settings. The project addresses inconsistencies in screening practices that contribute to undiagnosed mental health conditions, adversely affecting patient outcomes. Clinicians were trained to use three validated tools: PHQ-9 for depression, GAD-7 for anxiety, and MDQ for bipolar disorder. The intervention involved a structured educational program with pre- and post-intervention assessments. Results showed significant improvement in clinicians' knowledge, with pretest scores averaging 4.6 and posttest scores averaging 6.0 (p < 0.05). The findings highlight the effectiveness of standardized tools in improving diagnostic consistency and care quality. Key recommendations include integrating these tools into routine clinical assessments, standardizing documentation practices, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and establishing continuous quality improvement processes. Despite limitations such as small sample size and single-site implementation, this project underscores the critical role of staff education in promoting evidence-based practices to improve patient outcomes and supports positive social change in addiction treatment settings.


New Graduate Nurses' Experiences Of Burnout As They Transition To Practice, Stacy Beth Elliott Dec 2024

New Graduate Nurses' Experiences Of Burnout As They Transition To Practice, Stacy Beth Elliott

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Transitioning from nursing school to professional practice is a critical and challenging period for newly graduated nurses. Transition to professional nursing practice is particularly stressful in the first 3 years as new graduates adapt to the high acuity of patient care, which can result in burnout. The purpose of this qualitative study, guided by the conservation of resource theory, was to understand how new graduate nurses describe their experiences of burnout as novice nurses transition in the first 3 years of nursing practice. Fourteen nurses were interviewed using a semi-structured interviews, and Saldana’s two-cycle analysis was used for data interpretation, …


Staff Education To Expand Clinicians’ Knowledge Of Standardized Screening Tools In Addiction Treatment, Uwaezu Mercy Kalu Dec 2024

Staff Education To Expand Clinicians’ Knowledge Of Standardized Screening Tools In Addiction Treatment, Uwaezu Mercy Kalu

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project focuses on a staff education initiative to enhance clinicians' knowledge and application of standardized screening tools for co-occurring mental health disorders in addiction treatment settings. The project addresses inconsistencies in screening practices that contribute to undiagnosed mental health conditions, adversely affecting patient outcomes. Clinicians were trained to use three validated tools: PHQ-9 for depression, GAD-7 for anxiety, and MDQ for bipolar disorder. The intervention involved a structured educational program with pre- and post-intervention assessments. Results showed significant improvement in clinicians' knowledge, with pretest scores averaging 4.6 and posttest scores averaging 6.0 (p < 0.05). The findings highlight the effectiveness of standardized tools in improving diagnostic consistency and care quality. Key recommendations include integrating these tools into routine clinical assessments, standardizing documentation practices, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and establishing continuous quality improvement processes. Despite limitations such as small sample size and single-site implementation, this project underscores the critical role of staff education in promoting evidence-based practices to improve patient outcomes and supports positive social change in addiction treatment settings.


Perceptions Of Early Childhood System Partners On Career Pathways, Melissa Larson Busby Dec 2024

Perceptions Of Early Childhood System Partners On Career Pathways, Melissa Larson Busby

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Researchers have found high-quality early childhood teachers are crucial to high-quality programs for young children. Despite this, there is a significant need for more highly qualified teachers in a southwestern state. The purpose of the qualitative study was to explore the perceptions of early childhood education (ECE) systems partners in one southwestern state regarding the current systems, structures, and policies related to career pathways through the high school, community college, and university levels. The conceptual framework for this study was based on von Bertalanffy’s general systems theory and systems thinkers such as Senge, who detail the complex interactions between systems …


New Graduate Nurses' Experiences Of Burnout As They Transition To Practice, Stacy Beth Elliott Dec 2024

New Graduate Nurses' Experiences Of Burnout As They Transition To Practice, Stacy Beth Elliott

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Transitioning from nursing school to professional practice is a critical and challenging period for newly graduated nurses. Transition to professional nursing practice is particularly stressful in the first 3 years as new graduates adapt to the high acuity of patient care, which can result in burnout. The purpose of this qualitative study, guided by the conservation of resource theory, was to understand how new graduate nurses describe their experiences of burnout as novice nurses transition in the first 3 years of nursing practice. Fourteen nurses were interviewed using a semi-structured interviews, and Saldana’s two-cycle analysis was used for data interpretation, …


Perceptions Of Early Childhood System Partners On Career Pathways, Melissa Larson Busby Dec 2024

Perceptions Of Early Childhood System Partners On Career Pathways, Melissa Larson Busby

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Researchers have found high-quality early childhood teachers are crucial to high-quality programs for young children. Despite this, there is a significant need for more highly qualified teachers in a southwestern state. The purpose of the qualitative study was to explore the perceptions of early childhood education (ECE) systems partners in one southwestern state regarding the current systems, structures, and policies related to career pathways through the high school, community college, and university levels. The conceptual framework for this study was based on von Bertalanffy’s general systems theory and systems thinkers such as Senge, who detail the complex interactions between systems …


Hiring, Training, And Retaining Mental Health Professionals At Rural Wisconsin Correctional Facilities, Jessica Kallenbach Dec 2024

Hiring, Training, And Retaining Mental Health Professionals At Rural Wisconsin Correctional Facilities, Jessica Kallenbach

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Correctional facilities in rural Wisconsin have noted a shortage of trained mental health professionals to provide care. Common barriers to providing mental health services in rural areas are the availability and accessibility of mental health professionals. Due to limited access to financial and career benefits, mental health professionals tend to avoid working in these areas. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experience of mental health professionals, administrators, and supervisors in hiring, training, and retaining staff in rural Wisconsin correctional facilities. Bandura’s social learning theory was used to guide the study. Data was collected from …


Perceptions Of Black Women’S Portraits Of Beauty In Essence Magazine, Dr. Rachel Mingo Dec 2024

Perceptions Of Black Women’S Portraits Of Beauty In Essence Magazine, Dr. Rachel Mingo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Historically, beauty standards in the United States were rooted in White ideals, influencing media portrayals of Black women to align with White features like lighter skin and straightened hair. Although recent studies suggest a slow shift toward a more diverse representation of Black beauty, depictions in magazines still predominantly reflect mainstream Western beauty ideals, leading to potential negative impacts on Black women’s self-esteem and body image. The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to explore how young Black women, ages 18–25, perceive portrayals of Black beauty in Essence magazine. Black feminist thought constituted the theoretical basis for this study. …


Corporate Social Responsibility, Economic, Ethical-Legal, And Philanthropic Performances In Ghanaian Banks Using Big Data Analytics, Mohammed Alhassan Adams Dec 2024

Corporate Social Responsibility, Economic, Ethical-Legal, And Philanthropic Performances In Ghanaian Banks Using Big Data Analytics, Mohammed Alhassan Adams

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is becoming increasingly essential for Ghanaian banks to reconcile financial growth with ethical, legal, and civic obligations amid escalating societal expectations. The specific research problem was that the extent to which Ghanaian banks employed big data analytics (BDA) to boost multidimensional CSR performance encompassing economic, ethical-legal, and philanthropic dimensions was unknown. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the potential impacts of BDA use and overall CSR performance on Ghanaian banks’ economic, ethical-legal, and philanthropic dimensions of CSR. Using stakeholder theory and a resource-based view, BDA was applied as a strategic tool for …


Special Education Co-Teachers’ Role In The Adoption Of Information And Communication Technology Tools In Inclusive Classrooms, Amy Hysick Dec 2024

Special Education Co-Teachers’ Role In The Adoption Of Information And Communication Technology Tools In Inclusive Classrooms, Amy Hysick

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Co-teaching is a common service delivery model where a general and special education teacher are paired in the same classroom, though little is known about the experiences of secondary special education co-teachers in the adoption and use of information and communication technology (ICT) tools in inclusive, co-taught classrooms. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the experiences of special education co-teachers in the adoption and use of ICT tools. Venkatesh et al.’s unified theory of the acceptance and use of technology was the conceptual framework for the study. The research question focused on the experiences of special education …


Corporate Social Responsibility, Economic, Ethical-Legal, And Philanthropic Performances In Ghanaian Banks Using Big Data Analytics, Mohammed Alhassan Adams Dec 2024

Corporate Social Responsibility, Economic, Ethical-Legal, And Philanthropic Performances In Ghanaian Banks Using Big Data Analytics, Mohammed Alhassan Adams

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is becoming increasingly essential for Ghanaian banks to reconcile financial growth with ethical, legal, and civic obligations amid escalating societal expectations. The specific research problem was that the extent to which Ghanaian banks employed big data analytics (BDA) to boost multidimensional CSR performance encompassing economic, ethical-legal, and philanthropic dimensions was unknown. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the potential impacts of BDA use and overall CSR performance on Ghanaian banks’ economic, ethical-legal, and philanthropic dimensions of CSR. Using stakeholder theory and a resource-based view, BDA was applied as a strategic tool for …


Type Of Orientation And Differences In Role Transition, Unit Support, Job Satisfaction And Retention Among New Graduate Nurses, Kimber Lee Zolnier Dec 2024

Type Of Orientation And Differences In Role Transition, Unit Support, Job Satisfaction And Retention Among New Graduate Nurses, Kimber Lee Zolnier

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Many new graduate nurses leave the nursing profession during the first year of practice due to inadequate orientation and lack of support. Successful transition to practice is often hindered as new graduate nurses may be assigned to more than one clinical unit and receive feedback from multiple preceptors, leading to frustration and lack of confidence when feedback is inconsistent. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study, guided by the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition and Benner’s novice to expert theory, was to determine if there is a difference among new graduate nurses’ experiences with role transition, job satisfaction, retention, and …


Racism, Depression, And The Superwoman Schema: A Narrative Inquiry With Fourth-Grade Black Girls, Athena Hall Dec 2024

Racism, Depression, And The Superwoman Schema: A Narrative Inquiry With Fourth-Grade Black Girls, Athena Hall

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In the United States, racism has been labeled a public health emergency. Amid rising rates of racism reported in schools, many Black girls aged 5 to 12 have severe and persistent symptoms of depression. Although Woods-Giscombé’s Superwoman Schema (SWS) is an acknowledged coping mechanism that Black women and adolescent girls can use to fight and transcend interconnected systems of racial and gender oppression, it has rarely been studied among pre-adolescent girls. The purpose of this qualitative narrative inquiry was to explore the lived experience of the SWS among fourth-grade Black girls in Detroit, Michigan. The theoretical framework was the SWS. …


Racism, Depression, And The Superwoman Schema: A Narrative Inquiry With Fourth-Grade Black Girls, Athena Hall Dec 2024

Racism, Depression, And The Superwoman Schema: A Narrative Inquiry With Fourth-Grade Black Girls, Athena Hall

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In the United States, racism has been labeled a public health emergency. Amid rising rates of racism reported in schools, many Black girls aged 5 to 12 have severe and persistent symptoms of depression. Although Woods-Giscombé’s Superwoman Schema (SWS) is an acknowledged coping mechanism that Black women and adolescent girls can use to fight and transcend interconnected systems of racial and gender oppression, it has rarely been studied among pre-adolescent girls. The purpose of this qualitative narrative inquiry was to explore the lived experience of the SWS among fourth-grade Black girls in Detroit, Michigan. The theoretical framework was the SWS. …


Type Of Orientation And Differences In Role Transition, Unit Support, Job Satisfaction And Retention Among New Graduate Nurses, Kimber Lee Zolnier Dec 2024

Type Of Orientation And Differences In Role Transition, Unit Support, Job Satisfaction And Retention Among New Graduate Nurses, Kimber Lee Zolnier

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Many new graduate nurses leave the nursing profession during the first year of practice due to inadequate orientation and lack of support. Successful transition to practice is often hindered as new graduate nurses may be assigned to more than one clinical unit and receive feedback from multiple preceptors, leading to frustration and lack of confidence when feedback is inconsistent. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study, guided by the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition and Benner’s novice to expert theory, was to determine if there is a difference among new graduate nurses’ experiences with role transition, job satisfaction, retention, and …


Importance Of Social Support During Pregnancy For Girls With Limited Education, Mairo V. Bello Dec 2024

Importance Of Social Support During Pregnancy For Girls With Limited Education, Mairo V. Bello

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Social support signifies a system that provides for family, relatives, and friends or is derived from external sources such as social services or health promotion networks and can reduce depression and increase well-being. Absent from the literature was the understanding of the significance of social support for young women with limited education aged 18-25 on the journey from conception to the postpartum period in Nigeria. In this qualitative phenomenological study, the individual perception, attitude, and social support received by young women with limited education during pregnancy in Wudil LGA of Kano state in northern Nigeria were examined. The study addressed …


Integrating Traditional And Western Healing Practices For American Indian Patients, Victoria Blacksmith Dec 2024

Integrating Traditional And Western Healing Practices For American Indian Patients, Victoria Blacksmith

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) community experiences disproportionally high rates of mental health disorders. Although research had examined the benefits of using traditional AI/AN health practices, little was known about how integrating traditional and Western treatment methods works. Using historical trauma theory and oppression theory, this qualitative study explored how AI/AN clinicians integrate traditional health practices into Western treatment methods when treating mental health disorders in AI/AN patients. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with five clinicians. Data analysis via deductive coding revealed two main themes: lived experiences of AI/AN clinicians and integration strategies. Cultural knowledge was the most prominent …


Electric Utility Industry Safety Plan Filing And Accident Reporting Impact On The Number Of Accidents, Rishi Singh Dec 2024

Electric Utility Industry Safety Plan Filing And Accident Reporting Impact On The Number Of Accidents, Rishi Singh

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Safety is of paramount importance in the electric utility industry. Construction is the basis of electric work and is one of the most dangerous industries, with a high rate of accidents and fatalities. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between the organizational leaders’ decision to file safety plans and accident reporting to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration or utility commissions on the number of accidents in the electric utility industry. The decision-making theory provided the study’s foundation. The study used secondary data from 2019 to 2023 for electric utility companies from California. Published …


Integrating Traditional And Western Healing Practices For American Indian Patients, Victoria Blacksmith Dec 2024

Integrating Traditional And Western Healing Practices For American Indian Patients, Victoria Blacksmith

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) community experiences disproportionally high rates of mental health disorders. Although research had examined the benefits of using traditional AI/AN health practices, little was known about how integrating traditional and Western treatment methods works. Using historical trauma theory and oppression theory, this qualitative study explored how AI/AN clinicians integrate traditional health practices into Western treatment methods when treating mental health disorders in AI/AN patients. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with five clinicians. Data analysis via deductive coding revealed two main themes: lived experiences of AI/AN clinicians and integration strategies. Cultural knowledge was the most prominent …


Electric Utility Industry Safety Plan Filing And Accident Reporting Impact On The Number Of Accidents, Rishi Singh Dec 2024

Electric Utility Industry Safety Plan Filing And Accident Reporting Impact On The Number Of Accidents, Rishi Singh

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Safety is of paramount importance in the electric utility industry. Construction is the basis of electric work and is one of the most dangerous industries, with a high rate of accidents and fatalities. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between the organizational leaders’ decision to file safety plans and accident reporting to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration or utility commissions on the number of accidents in the electric utility industry. The decision-making theory provided the study’s foundation. The study used secondary data from 2019 to 2023 for electric utility companies from California. Published …


Importance Of Social Support During Pregnancy For Girls With Limited Education, Mairo V. Bello Dec 2024

Importance Of Social Support During Pregnancy For Girls With Limited Education, Mairo V. Bello

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Social support signifies a system that provides for family, relatives, and friends or is derived from external sources such as social services or health promotion networks and can reduce depression and increase well-being. Absent from the literature was the understanding of the significance of social support for young women with limited education aged 18-25 on the journey from conception to the postpartum period in Nigeria. In this qualitative phenomenological study, the individual perception, attitude, and social support received by young women with limited education during pregnancy in Wudil LGA of Kano state in northern Nigeria were examined. The study addressed …


Influence Of Social Media On Business Performance Of Small And Medium Enterprises, Annmarie Jennifer Calvert-Antoye Dec 2024

Influence Of Social Media On Business Performance Of Small And Medium Enterprises, Annmarie Jennifer Calvert-Antoye

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite the significant advantages of using social media marketing, an estimated 25% of small to medium enterprises (SMEs) promote products and services through social media. However, the lack of use by many convenience store managers often results in missed opportunities for increasing sales revenue and reaching a broader customer base. Grounded in the technology acceptance model, this qualitative descriptive study explored convenience store owners' social media strategies to increase brand awareness and grow sales to improve performance. The participants were eight convenience store owners in the Midwestern United States. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and a review of public …


Staff Education To Increase Confidence And Knowledge Of Workplace Violence In The Outpatient Mental Health Setting, Agnelyne Afugmeyig Ndifor Dec 2024

Staff Education To Increase Confidence And Knowledge Of Workplace Violence In The Outpatient Mental Health Setting, Agnelyne Afugmeyig Ndifor

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Mental health care providers are often faced with difficult situations and frequently encounter patients that may exhibit violent or aggressive behavior. Without adequate training and knowledge to manage these situations, there is a risk of harm and a threat to safety for nurses and office staff. Many hospitals and inpatient psychiatric providers provide training and educational modules to educate staff on how to prepare for and manage these situations, but there is not much research about staff confidence in preventing and managing violent or aggressive patients in the outpatient setting. The practice gap that I analyzed in this project was …


A Phenomenological Analysis Of African American Clergy And Congregation Weight Loss Interventions, Linda Fay Carper Dec 2024

A Phenomenological Analysis Of African American Clergy And Congregation Weight Loss Interventions, Linda Fay Carper

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This phenomenological study examines the lived experiences of Houston African American clergy regarding their roles and effectiveness in leading weight loss interventions within their faith-based communities. The research addresses the gap in peer-reviewed literature on the impact of Houston-area African American faith-based leadership on the success of weight loss initiatives. Grounded in the Transtheoretical Theory, the study explores clergy perceptions of decisional balance, self-efficacy, and processes of change to inform future health interventions. Ten purposive participants, meeting the inclusion criteria of being clergy leaders in Houston-based congregations with at least 50% African American membership, shared their insights. Data were collected …


Secondary Teachers’ Perceptions About Strategies To Teach Reading Comprehension, Carol Judd Dec 2024

Secondary Teachers’ Perceptions About Strategies To Teach Reading Comprehension, Carol Judd

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This study examined the challenges teachers faced in teaching reading comprehension to secondary students within the study school. Reading comprehension is a key skill for academic success, yet many students struggle to understand complex texts in subjects such as history, science, and mathematics. The purpose of this research is to assess how teachers perceive the integration of reading strategies in core content areas and the impact of professional development on their teaching practices. The conceptual framework used to guide this study was the social cognitive theory of self-efficacy, which suggests that teachers' beliefs in their abilities to implement effective strategies …


Staff Education To Increase Confidence And Knowledge Of Workplace Violence In The Outpatient Mental Health Setting, Agnelyne Afugmeyig Ndifor Dec 2024

Staff Education To Increase Confidence And Knowledge Of Workplace Violence In The Outpatient Mental Health Setting, Agnelyne Afugmeyig Ndifor

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Mental health care providers are often faced with difficult situations and frequently encounter patients that may exhibit violent or aggressive behavior. Without adequate training and knowledge to manage these situations, there is a risk of harm and a threat to safety for nurses and office staff. Many hospitals and inpatient psychiatric providers provide training and educational modules to educate staff on how to prepare for and manage these situations, but there is not much research about staff confidence in preventing and managing violent or aggressive patients in the outpatient setting. The practice gap that I analyzed in this project was …