Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year

Articles 751 - 780 of 6482

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Employee Engagement And Productivity Among Remote Workers In The Finance Industry, Mauriom Ndikeh Jun 2025

Employee Engagement And Productivity Among Remote Workers In The Finance Industry, Mauriom Ndikeh

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The COVID-19 pandemic and its related restrictions made remote work a defining feature of the modern workforce. Some finance industry leaders lack effective employee engagement strategies to increase productivity in remote work environments. The purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry project was to identify and explore successful employee engagement strategies some finance industry leaders used to increase productivity in remote work environments. This project was grounded in Kahn’s employee engagement theory. The participants were six finance industry leaders from financial organizations in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. Data were collected using semistructured Zoom interviews, field notes, …


The Relative Strength Of Help-Seeker Stereotype, Help-Seeking Self-Stigma, And Self-Esteem In Predicting Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health Help, Souad Torjani Azim Jun 2025

The Relative Strength Of Help-Seeker Stereotype, Help-Seeking Self-Stigma, And Self-Esteem In Predicting Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health Help, Souad Torjani Azim

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The increasing prevalence of mental health issues among college students is a critical concern. Disorders such as depression and anxiety are becoming more common, with depression notably a major risk factor for suicide—the second leading cause of death in this age group. Despite this troubling trend, significant barriers to accessing mental health services remain. While research has explored various factors contributing to students’ reluctance, such as stigma, distrust in the mental health system, lack of social support, and mental health literacy, none to date has examined the relative strength of help-seeker stereotype, help-seeking self-stigma, and self-esteem in predicting attitudes toward …


Nurses’ Role In Reducing Mental Health Stigma In Healthcare, Olufunmilayo Elizabeth Adeloye Jun 2025

Nurses’ Role In Reducing Mental Health Stigma In Healthcare, Olufunmilayo Elizabeth Adeloye

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project implemented a targeted educational intervention to reduce mental health stigma among healthcare providers. Mental health stigma, often resulting in misdiagnosis, delayed treatment, and decreased patient engagement, represents a significant barrier to effective nursing practice. The project’s practice-focused question examined whether an educational program could improve provider knowledge and attitudes toward mental illness. Using the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation), a needs assessment at a family practice and behavioral healthcare clinic identified gaps such as judgmental perceptions, avoidance behaviors, and lack of empathy among providers. An extensive literature review supported the …


Bias In Media Portrayals Of Filicide Cases Involving African American Women, Channing Lelar Collins Jun 2025

Bias In Media Portrayals Of Filicide Cases Involving African American Women, Channing Lelar Collins

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This study was conducted to examine racial disparities in media portrayals of filicide cases involving African American and Caucasian women, exploring how systemic biases and societal narratives influenced public perception, policy, and the child welfare and legal systems. Using a qualitative content analysis of 42 cases involving African American women and 20 involving Caucasian women, framing techniques, language, and imagery were analyzed. The research addressed three questions were (a) What narratives and framing were used?, (b) How did these differ across racial lines?, and (c) What are the broader societal and systemic implications? Results showed that media coverage of African …


Experiences Of Black Women In Black Colleges Voluntarily Seeking Psychiatric Services, Linda Jarvis Brown Jun 2025

Experiences Of Black Women In Black Colleges Voluntarily Seeking Psychiatric Services, Linda Jarvis Brown

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Black Americans face significant barriers to psychiatric services including a lack of access to culturally competent care. Mental illnesses continue to be the leading causes of disability in the United States. This qualitative phenomenological study, guided by the health belief model, explored the experiences of Black women in Black colleges who voluntarily seek psychiatric services. My study addressed a gap in understanding the facilitators and barriers for Black women voluntarily seeking mental health services. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with nine participants who were Black women attending Black colleges who voluntarily sought psychiatric services. Data analysis was accomplished using …


Leadership Strategies To Enhance Funding Performance In Pre-K -12 Public School Districts, Cynthia W. Williams Jones Jun 2025

Leadership Strategies To Enhance Funding Performance In Pre-K -12 Public School Districts, Cynthia W. Williams Jones

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Some school leaders lack strategies to impact educational funding performance in prekindergarten through 12th grade (PK-12) public schools and increase students’ academic achievement and performance. School leaders and policymakers are concerned with improving educational funding, student achievement, and student performance in PK-12 public schools. Grounded in the Baldrige excellence framework, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry study was to identify effective strategies that school leaders use to improve educational funding performance in PK-12 public schools and increase students’ academic achievement and performance. Participants were six PK-12 public school leaders with at least 5 years of leadership experience who had …


Crisis Management Strategies For Sustaining Small Business Operations And Profitability During Unexpected Events, Dr. Brandy Marie Jones Jun 2025

Crisis Management Strategies For Sustaining Small Business Operations And Profitability During Unexpected Events, Dr. Brandy Marie Jones

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Small business leaders face financial and logistical challenges during crises, such as economic downturns, natural disasters, and supply chain disruptions. This issue is critical for small business owners and policymakers, as effective crisis management ensures economic stability and community resilience. Grounded in situational crisis communications theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry was to identify and explore effective crisis management strategies that small business leaders use to remain operational and profitable during unexpected events. The participants were seven small business leaders in Dallas, Texas who used effective crisis management strategies to remain profitable during unexpected events. Datum was collected …


Digital Transformation Strategies Used By Church Leaders To Increase Revenues And Meet Budgetary Goals, Lee Riley Jun 2025

Digital Transformation Strategies Used By Church Leaders To Increase Revenues And Meet Budgetary Goals, Lee Riley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Ineffective strategies to use digital transformation to increase revenues and meet budgetary goals can negatively impact small rural church leadership capabilities. Small rural church leaders who struggle to increase revenues and meet budgetary goals are at high risk of business instability. Grounded in the diffusion of innovations theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry was to identify and explore effective digital transformation strategies used by small rural church leaders to increase revenues and meet budgetary goals. Participants were eight small rural church leaders who had effectively used digital transformation to increase revenues and meet budgetary goals. Data were collected …


Nonprofit Marketing Strategies To Target A Specific Client Population, Daniel Curtis Grant Jun 2025

Nonprofit Marketing Strategies To Target A Specific Client Population, Daniel Curtis Grant

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

African American females are the fastest-growing demographic in the United States contracting HIV. Nonprofit executives are concerned that, without effective marketing campaigns, African American females are not seeking the education or testing proven to reduce the chance of contracting HIV. Grounded in the integrated marketing communications theory, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore strategies that nonprofit executives use to design and execute effective marketing campaigns targeted to a specific client population. The participants were four senior leaders from a nonprofit healthcare clinic located in the south-central Region of the United States who have 10 or …


Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Rural Women Of Color Seeking Police Intervention During An Intimate Partner Violence Crisis, Michelle Angelica Perez Jun 2025

Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Rural Women Of Color Seeking Police Intervention During An Intimate Partner Violence Crisis, Michelle Angelica Perez

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Exploring the lived experiences of rural women of color in the United States who seek police intervention during an intimate partner violence crisis is a necessity. In rural regions, many African American and Caribbean Blacks in rural communities endure physical assaults perpetrated by their partners throughout their lives. IPV among women of color, especially the obstacles that they face in requesting police intervention. The findings of this research study provide valuable insights that can support the establishment of intervention centers for rural women of color by involving key stakeholders, such as police departments in these regions. This study used semi-structured …


The Mediating Role Of Intellectual Humility On The Relationship Between Perspective-Taking And Affective Polarization, Daniel Smith Jun 2025

The Mediating Role Of Intellectual Humility On The Relationship Between Perspective-Taking And Affective Polarization, Daniel Smith

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Affective polarization, a phenomenon characterized by animosity between opposing political parties, has emerged as a growing and intractable problem in the United States. Affective polarization threatens American democracy, as polarized citizens become increasingly unwilling to trust cross-partisans, hold their political leaders accountable, or support the results of free and fair elections. While prior research has investigated the mitigating effect of intellectual humility and perspective-taking on affective polarization, researchers have yet to investigate whether intellectual humility and perspective-taking work synergistically to mitigate affective polarization. Informed by social identity theory, this quantitative study determined if intellectual humility mediated the relationship between perspective-taking …


Public Relations As An Approach For Smes To Improve Business Sustainability, Nikkia Tene Mcclain Jun 2025

Public Relations As An Approach For Smes To Improve Business Sustainability, Nikkia Tene Mcclain

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) often lack dedicated public relations (PR) departments, limiting their ability to build brand identity, and gain market share compared to larger firms with greater resources. Small business owners need PR departments to improve their competitive positioning to satisfy buyers. stay competitive to maintain and increase employment, and satisfy customers. Grounded in the dynamic capability theory, this qualitative multiple case study explored how the development and strategic implementation of PR functions can provide SMEs with a competitive advantage. Participants included seven SME owners in fashion, real estate, beauty, business, technology, and retail, each with experience in …


Improving Follow-Up Adherence: A Case Study On Patient Experience Initiatives, Aaron Haley Jun 2025

Improving Follow-Up Adherence: A Case Study On Patient Experience Initiatives, Aaron Haley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Patient-centered care has become increasingly paramount in healthcare organizations (Thummak et al., 2023). A critical component of this model is patient adherence to scheduled appointments, as missed visits can negatively affect outcomes (Halladay et al., 2019), increase healthcare costs, waste resources, and disrupt workflow (Low et al., 2023). This qualitative case study investigated the factors contributing to patient nonadherence to scheduled visits in a multidisciplinary behavioral health organization (BHO) in the Southwestern United States. The study utilized data from the behavioral health leader (BHL), organizational records, and secondary sources and was guided by the Baldrige Framework of Excellence as its …


The Effectiveness Of Vivitrol And Naltrexone For Rural And Urban Participants Post-Incarceration Or Under Supervision, Francis Anthony Mulford Jun 2025

The Effectiveness Of Vivitrol And Naltrexone For Rural And Urban Participants Post-Incarceration Or Under Supervision, Francis Anthony Mulford

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Behavioral health professionals are concerned with the opioid epidemic in the United States, as opioid use results in needless overdose deaths annually. Relapse prevention is the theory that grounded this study, and naltrexone or extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) was used to measure effectiveness for 50 forensic, rural, and urban individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) to prevent relapse. Furthermore, this study used a chi square test of independence, nonparametric test with a Cramer’s V, and Fisher’s exact. While outcomes revealed no significant differences between rural and urban groups, significant evidence was observed when medication outcomes and medication extent were evaluated, Pearson …


Effective Leadership Strategies For The Implementation Of Innovative Technologies To Improve Access To Health Facilities, Nicole Aromolaran Jun 2025

Effective Leadership Strategies For The Implementation Of Innovative Technologies To Improve Access To Health Facilities, Nicole Aromolaran

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Integrating innovative healthcare technology into strategic planning and implementation has transformed how organizations address healthcare disparities through enhanced leadership strategies. Some health facility leaders are concerned about the lack of effective strategies for implementing innovative technology, as it hinders patient access and weakens organizational competitiveness. Grounded in transformational leadership theory and the technology acceptance model, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry study was to identify and explore effective strategies that health facility leaders used to implement innovative technology to improve healthcare access and competitive advantage. The participants were four leaders within the healthcare and information technology sector, with at …


Business Sustainability Strategies Used By Small- And Medium-Sized Enterprise Owners In The Nigerian Hotel Industry, Victor Robert Uko Jun 2025

Business Sustainability Strategies Used By Small- And Medium-Sized Enterprise Owners In The Nigerian Hotel Industry, Victor Robert Uko

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Some small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) owners in the hotel industry face survival challenges during economic downturns, such as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the 2016 oil glut crisis. SME hotel owners are concerned about addressing these challenges to ensure profitability and sustainability amid economic crises. Grounded in the resource-based view theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry was to explore strategies SME hotel owners used to maintain business success amid economic crises. The participants were six SME hotel owners in Nigeria who had implemented strategies to remain profitable and sustainable. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and a …


The Relationship Between Food Label Comprehension And Consumer Dietary Choices, Marline Denis Jun 2025

The Relationship Between Food Label Comprehension And Consumer Dietary Choices, Marline Denis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Poor dietary choices and limited understanding of nutritional information are ongoing public health concerns that contribute to the rise of chronic illnesses such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. This quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational study investigated the associations between health literacy and food label comprehension with consumer dietary choices and adherence to dietary guidelines among individuals aged 16 and older in the United States. Guided by the Nutrition Label Literacy (NLL) framework, this study explored whether components such as basic nutritional knowledge, numeracy skills, health motivation, and label usage predict healthier food choices. Age, education, and gender were included as covariates. …


Strategic Planning Processes For Profitability And Sustainability Of Small Restaurants In Alberta, Olufemi Oluwasanu Baiyewun Jun 2025

Strategic Planning Processes For Profitability And Sustainability Of Small Restaurants In Alberta, Olufemi Oluwasanu Baiyewun

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Some small restaurant managers struggle to develop and implement strategic planning processes to achieve profitability and sustainability. As customer attendance declines, these managers face economic challenges and reduced daily sales, often stemming from inadequate strategic planning that could support sustained profitability and long-term success. Grounded in resource-based view theory and dynamic capability theory, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore the successful strategic planning processes that small restaurant business managers in Alberta, Canada, use to achieve profitability and sustainability beyond 5 years. The participants were six small restaurant managers who successfully implemented strategic planning processes to …


Masculine Traits In Female Serial Killers: A Qualitative Analysis, Ashley Polk Jun 2025

Masculine Traits In Female Serial Killers: A Qualitative Analysis, Ashley Polk

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Female serial killers represent a minority in criminal statistics; their cases offer significant insights regarding broader patterns of serial killing behavior. The purpose of this study is to understand the role masculine traits play in the lives of female serial killers. This study involved using a qualitative research method to understand specific characteristics of female serial killers with common masculine traits and childhood experiences. Common masculine traits researched in this study were lack of emotions, aggression, control, dominance, and manipulation. The trauma control model and the gender scheme theory were the theoretical frameworks for this study. Data were collected by …


An Exploration Of The Lived Experiences Of Black Female Kinship Caregivers In Parenting Youth Aged 13-18, Tyla Wilder Jun 2025

An Exploration Of The Lived Experiences Of Black Female Kinship Caregivers In Parenting Youth Aged 13-18, Tyla Wilder

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This qualitative phenomenological study explored how the intersection of identities related to race and gender shapes the lived experiences of Black female kinship caregivers raising youth aged 13–18. Drawing on Intersectionality Theory, the study sought to understand the caregiving challenges, emotional resilience, and systemic barriers encountered by this underrepresented population. Nine participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling and engaged in in-depth semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis revealed that cultural norms and racialized gender expectations often compelled Black females to assume caregiving roles without institutional recognition or support. Participants described emotional isolation, financial instability, and limited access to legal and …


Race, Resources, And American Adolescents’ Mental Health During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Chineze Nkemeh Jun 2025

Race, Resources, And American Adolescents’ Mental Health During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Chineze Nkemeh

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

During the COVID-19 pandemic, African American adolescents experienced reduced access to needed resources and may have suffered poorer mental health outcomes as a result. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the association between race and the availability of mental health resources, food, medical health resources and mental health outcomes among African American adolescents in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to their White counterparts. The theoretical framework that grounded this study was the Socio Ecological Model. Secondary data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey database were analyzed. These …


Moderating Role Of Locus Of Control On The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Trust In Ai, Amelia Gillies Jun 2025

Moderating Role Of Locus Of Control On The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Trust In Ai, Amelia Gillies

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into essential sectors, including healthcare, customer services, and defense, has underscored the importance of user trust in AI systems. Psychological traits such as locus of control (the extent to which individuals attribute outcomes to internal or external factors) and self-efficacy (individuals’ confidence in their ability) have been identified as significant factors influencing trust in these automated systems. Previous studies have independently linked these psychological traits to trust in technology; however, there has been limited exploration of potential moderating effects of locus of control on the relationship between digital technology self-efficacy and trust in …


Effective Strategies For Improving Hospital Safety And Profitability Through Reducing Hospital-Acquired Conditions, Quennise Giles Jun 2025

Effective Strategies For Improving Hospital Safety And Profitability Through Reducing Hospital-Acquired Conditions, Quennise Giles

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The incidence of hospital acquired conditions (HACs) has been a persistent problem in the United States that has negatively affected patient safety, care outcomes, and hospital costs and profitability. Effective strategies to reduce HACs and improve compliance with Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program (HACRP) requirements are important for hospital leaders. Grounded in the total quality management conceptual framework, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry was to explore how six hospital leaders in the Southeast United States successfully reduced HACs and improved HACRP compliance. Data were collected through personal interviews and publicly available documents. Yin’s 5-step process was used for data …


Alternatively Certified Early Childhood Special Education Teachers' Perspectives On Remaining In The Classroom, Sena Victoria Ann Belgard Dever Jun 2025

Alternatively Certified Early Childhood Special Education Teachers' Perspectives On Remaining In The Classroom, Sena Victoria Ann Belgard Dever

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Alternative teacher certification programs are used nationwide to address the critical teacher shortage in special education. There is a gap in knowledge regarding the challenges that early childhood special education teachers experience, which make them leave the profession at twice the rate of general education teachers. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore alternatively certified early childhood special education teachers’ perspectives on remaining in their teaching positions and the support they need to continue teaching. The study framework was comprised of Day and Gu’s teacher resilience theory. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with 10 prekindergarten to …


Association Between Health Insurance, Antiretroviral Treatment, And Hiv Preexposure Prophylaxis In Men Aged 20–85 In Virginia, Lauren Elizabeth Maxwell Jun 2025

Association Between Health Insurance, Antiretroviral Treatment, And Hiv Preexposure Prophylaxis In Men Aged 20–85 In Virginia, Lauren Elizabeth Maxwell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

HIV prevention and treatment disparities persist among men in Virginia, particularly in racial and ethnic minority groups. This study examined how insurance type and demographic factors influence prescriptions for antiretroviral treatment (ART) and preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Addressing these disparities is critical to advancing public health equity and reducing HIV rates. The purpose was to assess whether age, race, ethnicity, region, and insurance type are associated with the type of oral HIV medication prescribed. Guided by the HIV prevention and care cascade frameworks, the study focused on access and adherence. Using a cross-sectional quantitative design, the study analyzed secondary data from …


Effective Strategies For Developing And Implementing Metrics For Successful Social Marketing Campaign Performance, Annette M. Wolf May 2025

Effective Strategies For Developing And Implementing Metrics For Successful Social Marketing Campaign Performance, Annette M. Wolf

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Ineffective use of marketing metrics by social marketers poses a risk of inconsistent and subjective interpretations of campaign success. Social marketing managers and stakeholders are concerned because unreliable metrics hinder their ability to evaluate performance, justify funding, and replicate effective strategies. The purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry, grounded in general systems theory and foundational social marketing literature, was to explore effective strategies that social marketing campaign managers use to implement metrics sufficient to measure successful campaigns. The participants were ten experienced members of the Social Marketing Association of North America, with effective strategies to implement marketing metrics to measure …


An Exploration Of Gender And Sexual Identity Development Within The School Environment Among Gender Sexual Minority High School Graduates, Kendra Dawn Rogers May 2025

An Exploration Of Gender And Sexual Identity Development Within The School Environment Among Gender Sexual Minority High School Graduates, Kendra Dawn Rogers

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Culturally responsive teaching in a global society is critical to students' success. Inclusion is an important part of the culturally responsive learning experience for all types of people. Because identity development takes place during the adolescent years, portrayals of various kinds of individuals throughout the environment and curriculum may support the confidence of students’ identity development. All students can experience improvements through inclusive teaching practices, but particularly students who identify as gender sexual minorities (GSM) can experience improved identity development with inclusive curricula in all areas of schooling. Grounded in identity process theory and sociocultural theory, the purpose of this …


Phenomenological Study Of Gender, Self-Esteem, And Anxiety As Factors Influencing Older Adult Technology Use, Nadine Prosper May 2025

Phenomenological Study Of Gender, Self-Esteem, And Anxiety As Factors Influencing Older Adult Technology Use, Nadine Prosper

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

An increasing number of individuals 65 years of age and older are in the U.S. workforce. Many older workers are hesitant to learn new technology and adapt to digital innovation that may, in the future, automate jobs and abolish more traditional forms of employment. Organizational leaders need to understand the factors influencing older workers’ attitudes and adoption of new technology for greater productivity. The purpose of this qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological study was to examine how gender, self-esteem, and anxiety influence workplace technology utilization among older workers between 66 and 76 years of age in their jobs. The study was grounded …


Is A Dog A Female Offender’S Best Friend? Prison-Based Dog Program Implications, Lavinia Smith May 2025

Is A Dog A Female Offender’S Best Friend? Prison-Based Dog Program Implications, Lavinia Smith

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The existing literature on female offender prison-based dog program (PBDP) experiences and their effect and influence on female offender reentry, rehabilitation, and transition into society following incarceration is limited at best. Despite mixed evidence on prison-based animal programs, human–animal interaction research suggests positive psychological effects. With a 56% chance of reoffending a year after release, understanding the effects of PBDPs may aid reentry/transition support that lowers recidivism rates. Grounded by Broidy and Agnew’s gendered general strain theory, through basic qualitative inquiry, this research study aimed to understand female offender PBDP participants' reentry and transition experiences. Twenty-seven semistructured interviews were conducted …


Schwartz Values Of Active-Duty U.S. Soldiers: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Of Refined Values, Kelcey Sihanourath May 2025

Schwartz Values Of Active-Duty U.S. Soldiers: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Of Refined Values, Kelcey Sihanourath

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The U.S. Army is currently facing recruitment challenges due to a decrease in the number of qualified youths. When recruitment is low, reducing attrition becomes even more critical to maintaining force readiness. Research indicates attrition patterns may be influenced by interactions between personal characteristics and the unique culture of each military branch. One characteristic is personal values; however, the most widely used personal values framework, Schwartz’s values theory, has not been validated for the U.S. Army population. This study aimed to address this gap by empirically assessing Schwartz’s values using a nonexperimental cross-sectional quantitative design, collecting data from 273 active-duty …