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Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

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Exploring Identity Development Of Therapeutic Boarding School Alumni, Travis Philipsen Mar 2026

Exploring Identity Development Of Therapeutic Boarding School Alumni, Travis Philipsen

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Research on therapeutic boarding schools (TBS) has largely focused on treatment experiences and immediate adolescent outcomes, with limited attention to identity development after program discharge. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to examine identity development during emerging adulthood in TBS alumni aged 18-24 and to explore how internal strengths and external supports influenced participants’ developmental experiences after leaving TBS. Positive youth development was the guiding theoretical framework, emphasizing the bidirectional relationship between a person and the external ecological assets they access. Semistructured interviews were conducted with six alumni, and data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis within a …


Recent High School Graduates' Perspectives On The Practice Of Teacher Empathy As An Approach To Engage Learners, Susanna Michelle Post Mar 2026

Recent High School Graduates' Perspectives On The Practice Of Teacher Empathy As An Approach To Engage Learners, Susanna Michelle Post

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem addressed through this study is that recent high school graduates’ perspectives on how teachers practiced empathy as an approach to engage learners have not been explored in an urban school district in a Southern state. Grounded in a conceptual framework that incorporates Kleinfeld’s concept of warm demander pedagogy with Goleman’s emotional intelligence theory, the purpose of this qualitative study was to explore recent high school graduates’ perspectives on how teachers practiced empathy as an approach to engage learners in an urban school district in a Southern state. For this basic qualitative design, semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 …


Psychologists’ And Psychiatrists’ Views On Criminal Behavior, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, And Federally Sentenced Indigenous Women In The Prairie Region And British Columbia, Rina Asghar Mar 2026

Psychologists’ And Psychiatrists’ Views On Criminal Behavior, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, And Federally Sentenced Indigenous Women In The Prairie Region And British Columbia, Rina Asghar

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The overrepresentation of federally sentenced Indigenous women in Canada reflects longstanding structural and systemic injustices within the criminal justice system. Constituting approximately 5% of the female population, Indigenous female offenders are disproportionately represented, especially in maximum security facilities and structured intervention units. This qualitative study examined psychologists’ and psychiatrists’ perspectives on the potential role of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) related neurocognitive impairments in increasing justice system involvement among Indigenous women in Western Canada. Guided by the multidimensional Indigenous developmental framework, which integrates historical trauma theory and attachment theory, nine psychologists and one psychiatrist were interviewed in semi-structured interviews. The …


Ethical Leadership And Funding Strategies In Nonprofit Organizations, George Edward Walker Mar 2026

Ethical Leadership And Funding Strategies In Nonprofit Organizations, George Edward Walker

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A lack of effective funding strategies can negatively affect nonprofit program sustainability and growth. Nonprofit leaders are concerned with inadequate funding practices as they lessen organizational sustainability, donor trust, and reliable program delivery. Grounded in deontological ethical theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry was to explore funding strategies nonprofit leaders use to expand and sustain programs and services. The participants were eight nonprofit leaders from the West Coast of the United States with 10+ years of leadership experience. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and peer-reviewed journals. Through thematic analysis, five themes were identified: (a) research and data …


Food Insecurity’S Influence On Obesity, Hypertension, And Diabetes In Rural Vermont And Adirondack New York, Lindsay Morse Mar 2026

Food Insecurity’S Influence On Obesity, Hypertension, And Diabetes In Rural Vermont And Adirondack New York, Lindsay Morse

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Food insecurity (FI) is a persistent public health challenge in the United States and disproportionately affects rural communities. Guided by syndemic theory, this quantitative cross-sectional study examined associations between FI and chronic disease outcomes among rural residents of Vermont and the Adirondack region of New York. Social determinants of health screenings and electronic medical records from 35 rural primary care sites were analyzed. Secondary data from n = 72,505 adults were used to evaluate these relationships. Binary logistic regression models assessed obesity, hypertension (HTN), and diabetes (DM), and a multinomial logistic regression model evaluated the combined presence of obesity and …


Emergent Patterns In Individual Perceptions Of Domestic Violence Among African Immigrants, Annah Ezuma Mar 2026

Emergent Patterns In Individual Perceptions Of Domestic Violence Among African Immigrants, Annah Ezuma

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Domestic abuse continues to be a prevalent and intricate matter within society, frequently concealed by silence. The comprehension of individuals’ perceptions of abuse is of utmost importance in the advancement of efficacious interventions and support systems. Among African immigrants in the United States, perceptions of domestic violence were often influenced by several factors like religion and migration stressors. Despite increasing concerns about abuse within this population, limited research has explored how they interpret abuse and how these perceptions shape help seeking behaviors and disclosure. The gap was significant because of the cultural transition and many immigrant experiences. This qualitative study …


Examining Undergraduate Nursing Faculty’S Job Satisfaction Related To Workload, Work-Life Balance, And Student Incivility, Melissa Walch Mar 2026

Examining Undergraduate Nursing Faculty’S Job Satisfaction Related To Workload, Work-Life Balance, And Student Incivility, Melissa Walch

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Exploring nursing faculty job satisfaction is important for retaining faculty in undergraduate nursing programs because they are vital to training future bedside nurses. There is a nursing faculty shortage in the United States, and retaining faculty is critical to addressing it. The purpose of this study, guided by Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory, was to (a) understand the relationship between workload, work-life balance, and nursing faculty job satisfaction and (b) the relationship between student incivility and nursing faculty job satisfaction in undergraduate nursing programs. Undergraduate nursing faculty in Ohio and Florida with at least 2 years of teaching experience were recruited via …


Enhancing Staff Education On Antidepressant Side Effects For Adolescents At Discharge, Mingdi Gao Mar 2026

Enhancing Staff Education On Antidepressant Side Effects For Adolescents At Discharge, Mingdi Gao

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) evidence-based staff education project aimed to improve the quality and consistency of discharge medication education for adolescents prescribed antidepressants. Adolescents are at increased risk for antidepressant-related adverse effects, including suicidal ideation, particularly during the early stages of treatment. The identified practice problem was the lack of consistent, developmentally appropriate, and culturally sensitive discharge teaching for adolescents and their families. This gap in practice contributes to poor adherence, preventable readmissions, and diminished safety outcomes. The project was guided by the PICO question: For adolescents discharged from inpatient or outpatient behavioral health care, how does a …


Staff Education On The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (Phq-9) To Improve Depression Screening In A Mental Health Clinic, Agatha Onyemaechi Okemkpa Mar 2026

Staff Education On The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (Phq-9) To Improve Depression Screening In A Mental Health Clinic, Agatha Onyemaechi Okemkpa

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

For this doctoral project, I implemented a staff education program on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to address depression screening practices in a mental health clinic. The practice problem addressed was limited depression screening due to a lack of education on the PHQ-9. The project aimed to answer the question: “For staff in a mental health clinic, will an educational offering on the Patient Health Questionnaire improve knowledge towards the goal of increasing screening for depression among clients?” To evaluate the outcome, a pre- and post-knowledge-based assessment using a 10-question multiple-choice test was administered to 20 staff members, and the …


Staff Education To Optimize Pain Management In Home Health Care, Marie Natacha Francis Mar 2026

Staff Education To Optimize Pain Management In Home Health Care, Marie Natacha Francis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This DNP project is a nurse-led quality improvement initiative that responds to the age-old issue of ineffective pain management in the home healthcare setting. The issue is the absence of standardization in staff education regarding pain assessment and intervention, leading to unfavorable patient outcomes and a reduced quality of life. The purpose of the project is to assess the efficacy of educational interventions delivered by nurses to enhance staff knowledge, confidence, and consistency in the management of pain procedures. The project question is: How effective are nurse-led educational interventions in improving staff knowledge and practices in pain assessment and management, …


Staff Education To Improve Nurses’ De-Escalation Skills In Substance Abuse Treatment Settings, Joy Atufunwa Mar 2026

Staff Education To Improve Nurses’ De-Escalation Skills In Substance Abuse Treatment Settings, Joy Atufunwa

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Nearly 50% of patients in substance abuse treatment settings exhibit aggressive behaviors, placing staff and other patients at risk. In the absence of structured de-escalation training, clinicians frequently rely on physical restraints or pharmacologic interventions, which contribute to staff burnout, injury, and ethical concerns. The project implemented an evidence-based staff education program to improve nurses’ knowledge, confidence, and competence in managing aggression using nonviolent de-escalation strategies. The project question guiding this initiative was: Can education improve nurses’ de-escalation skills in a substance abuse treatment setting? Using an evidence-based practice (EBP) approach and the PICO framework, the project evaluated the impact …


Enhancing Staff Knowledge And Confidence In Depression Screening Using The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Melkamzer Chari Mar 2026

Enhancing Staff Knowledge And Confidence In Depression Screening Using The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Melkamzer Chari

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Depression is a serious public health concern affecting over 280 million people globally and leading to significant morbidity and mortality if left undetected and untreated. At the local organization, leadership identified inconsistent depression screening as a practice problem among nursing staff. Thus, the purpose of this doctor in nursing practice (DNP) project was to determine if an educational intervention focused on depression, the importance of depression screening, and the use of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) increased knowledge and confidence among nursing staff working in a local organization. Fifteen participants volunteered to participate in the project. The average age was …


Investigating Teachers’ Resistance To Instructional Coach Support In A Southern, Rural U.S. School District, Tukiiya Stephens Mar 2026

Investigating Teachers’ Resistance To Instructional Coach Support In A Southern, Rural U.S. School District, Tukiiya Stephens

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Instructional coaching is a strategy designed to support systematic changes in instructional practices and improve student achievement. In the study site district, teachers were required to use instructional coaching as a mandated form of pedagogical support for enhancing teaching practices and improving student achievement. However, prior to this study, 48% of teachers did not seek support from the instructional coaches (ICs) hired to provide this job-embedded professional development. Guided by Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this basic qualitative study was to investigate teachers’ perspectives regarding the lack of engagement with ICs and to identify ways to increase …


Staff Education To Improve Nurse Confidence In Managing Co-Occurring Conditions, Gloria Johnston Mar 2026

Staff Education To Improve Nurse Confidence In Managing Co-Occurring Conditions, Gloria Johnston

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) staff education project addressed a lack of confidence and training for nursing staff who care for patients with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders. The practice problem identified at the local project site was the inconsistent care of this patient population. Addressing this gap was essential because inadequate training can reduce care quality among patients with co-occurring conditions. The practice-focused question for this project was: In nursing staff caring for patients with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders, how does an evidence-based staff education program on integrated treatment approaches compare to standard …


School-Based Human Service Professionals’ Perceptions Of The Relationships Between Black Families And Southern Schools, Vanessa Faye Barnhill Mar 2026

School-Based Human Service Professionals’ Perceptions Of The Relationships Between Black Families And Southern Schools, Vanessa Faye Barnhill

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The experiences that Black parents had in school have been found to influence how they view and interact with schools and the challenges and barriers related to their child’s education attainment. It is important to understand school-based human service professionals’ perceptions about the relationship that Black families have with Southern schools and suggestions these professionals have about promoting better communication and understanding with Black families. The purpose of this qualitative generic study was to examine school human service professionals’ perceptions about the relationship that Black families have with schools and to gather suggestions about how they could promote communication and …


Emotional And Psychological Well-Being In Early Postmenopausal Women: A Phenomenological Study, Marjorie F. Leon Mar 2026

Emotional And Psychological Well-Being In Early Postmenopausal Women: A Phenomenological Study, Marjorie F. Leon

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore how early postmenopausal women experience and navigate emotional and psychological well-being during the postmenopausal transition. Although menopause has been widely examined as a biological process, women’s lived emotional and psychosocial experiences during the early postmenopausal period remain underexplored in psychological research. Conceptually informed by Engel’s biopsychosocial model, this study examined how biological, psychological, and social factors intersect in shaping resilience, identity, and coping during this transitional life stage. Thirteen women within 5 years of menopause onset participated in semi structured interviews. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase reflexive …


Child Protection Workers’ Perceptions Of Burnout And Work Dissatisfaction, Ashley-Camille Jackson Mar 2026

Child Protection Workers’ Perceptions Of Burnout And Work Dissatisfaction, Ashley-Camille Jackson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Child protection workers work in a stressful and demanding occupation, subject to high staff turnover and inexperienced staff. This situation has created problems for child protection workers in doing their jobs effectively—for example, handling their daily tasks and caseload—leading to potential burnout and work dissatisfaction. Existing literature has explained how burnout begins to develop as a response to chronic exposure to job-related stressors, to a point of emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment. Researchers have found that work-related conditions have contributed to the development of burnout, especially when attempting to define how one could be overworked and how much labor …


Communication Challenges Experienced By Telephone Triage Registered Nurses Providing Assessment Of Health Symptoms, Stacy Huddleston Mar 2026

Communication Challenges Experienced By Telephone Triage Registered Nurses Providing Assessment Of Health Symptoms, Stacy Huddleston

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Telephone triage nurses routinely assess symptoms and make clinical decisions without visual contact, which introduces complex communication challenges. Language differences, emotional distress, cultural misunderstandings, and the absence of visual cues may influence how symptoms are described, interpreted, and acted upon during telephone encounters. The purpose of this qualitative interpretive description study, guided by Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relations, was to explore how RNs experience and manage communication barriers in telephone triage practice. Six RNs with recent experience in telephone triage participated in semistructured interviews, and the data were analyzed using interpretive description and thematic analysis. Findings indicated that participants relied …


Hbcu Presidents’ Perceptions About The Unique Financial Challenges Influencing Enrollment, Tiffany Hardy Terrell Mar 2026

Hbcu Presidents’ Perceptions About The Unique Financial Challenges Influencing Enrollment, Tiffany Hardy Terrell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are important to the educational landscape. The problem that was addressed through this study was the unique financial challenges that influence enrollment at HBCUs. Guided by the conceptual framework of transformational leadership, the purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore HBCU presidents’ perceptions about the unique financial challenges as well as recommendations on how to overcome these challenges that influence enrollment at their institutions. Semistructured interviews were conducted with five former and three current HBCU presidents who had been in their role for a minimum of 1 year. Using in vivo coding, …


Leadership Strategies Nonprofit Leaders Use To Motivate Employees, Clara Dube Mar 2026

Leadership Strategies Nonprofit Leaders Use To Motivate Employees, Clara Dube

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Unmotivated nonprofit organization (NPO) employees threaten NPO mission fulfillment. NPO leaders are concerned with poor employee motivation as it negatively correlates with organizational performance. Grounded in the integration of self-determination theory and Vroom’s expectancy theory, the purpose of this qualitative single-case study was to explore the leadership strategies that some NPO leaders use to motivate employees. The targeted population was five leaders of an NPO in the Tigray region of Ethiopia who implemented successful leadership strategies to motivate employees. The participants comprised five leaders, purposively selected from an Ethiopian NPO, who had demonstrated the ability to motivate their employees. Data …


Former Foster Youth Lack The Understanding And Training In How To Access Medical And Preventative Care Benefits, Gloria Harrison Mar 2026

Former Foster Youth Lack The Understanding And Training In How To Access Medical And Preventative Care Benefits, Gloria Harrison

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The purpose of this qualitative action research study was to explore Dallas, Texas, human services professionals’ perceptions of the services that former foster youth need to ensure that they have access to medical and preventative care benefits when they age out of the system. The conceptual framework of Aday and Andersen’s health behavior model provided a structure for the lack of medical care access, the need for improvement, and the desire to use services for various marginalized at-risk populations. The action research design was chosen to help solve real-life healthcare problems that directly affect participants within their community. A purposeful …


Moderating Effects Of Leadership Style And Organizational Culture On Information Technology Involvement, Erick Dyson Mar 2026

Moderating Effects Of Leadership Style And Organizational Culture On Information Technology Involvement, Erick Dyson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This quantitative correlational study investigated the relationships among leadership styles, organizational culture, information technology involvement (INV), IT adoption intention (ITA), and knowledge-sharing intention (KSI) among managerial staff in educational institutions in the northeastern United States. Grounded in the technology acceptance model (TAM) and knowledge management theory, the study utilized survey responses from 141 participants in supervisory roles. Regression analyses revealed that INV significantly predicted ITA (F = 31.725, p < .001), accounting for 17.7% of the variance. However, ITA demonstrated a statistically significant but inverse relationship with KSI (F = 7.995, p < .001), indicating that greater ITA was associated with lower KSI. Hierarchical regression showed that the inclusion of leadership styles and organizational cultures improved model fit, with the final model explaining 53.3% of the variance in KSI. Charismatic, transformational, and transactional leadership styles moderated the ITA and KSI relationship, while servant and transactional leadership directly predicted KSI. Among cultural types, hierarchy and market cultures moderated the ITA and KSI relationship, while adhocracy, hierarchy, and market cultures directly predicted KSI. Seventeen significant two-factor interactions were identified, highlighting the complex interplay of leadership and culture. Reliability analyses confirmed acceptable internal consistency (α = .71 -.85), and regression diagnostics indicted no assumption violations. These findings challenge traditional TAM assumptions and emphasize the need for context-aware strategies integrating leadership and culture to enhance knowledge sharing in digitally transforming institutions.


Strategies For Bridging The Broadband Gap For An Inclusive Digital Economy, Hassana Asuku Mar 2026

Strategies For Bridging The Broadband Gap For An Inclusive Digital Economy, Hassana Asuku

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Broadband access remains a critical driver of digital participation and economic inclusion; however, many rural communities continue to lack adequate connectivity and remain excluded from the digital economy. Although Information and Communication Technology (ICT) policymakers, regulators, and operators prioritize expanding broadband infrastructure, limited research exists on the strategies these stakeholders use to successfully bridge rural broadband gaps. Drawing on Jan van Dijk’s resources and appropriation theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry was to explore the strategies employed by ICT policymakers, regulators, and operators to bridge the broadband gap in rural areas. Eight telecommunications industry players who had successfully …


Perceived Black Maternal Narcissism And Their Daughters’ Delinquency: Chronicles From A Daughter’S Interpretation, Nzinga Cates Mar 2026

Perceived Black Maternal Narcissism And Their Daughters’ Delinquency: Chronicles From A Daughter’S Interpretation, Nzinga Cates

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This qualitative study examined the intricate dynamics between perceived Black narcissistic mothers and their daughters, particularly regarding potential delinquent behaviors exhibited by the daughters. By utilizing in-depth interviews with seven participants, I sought to uncover the psychological and relational factors contributing to these behaviors’ development. Thematic analysis indicated that daughters of narcissistic mothers often endure emotional neglect, manipulation, and lack of healthy role modeling. This can result in feelings of inadequacy and rebellion. Themes of identity confusion, low self-esteem, and desire for autonomy surfaced as significant contributors to the daughters’ engagement in delinquent activities. The study underscored the importance of …


Human Resource Management Practices’ Impact On Employee Retention, Regina Gregory Mar 2026

Human Resource Management Practices’ Impact On Employee Retention, Regina Gregory

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Some human resource managers (HRMs) in small- to medium-sized manufacturing industries lack effective strategies to retain employees. Organizational leaders are concerned that the lack of effective strategies to retain employees negatively affects organizational sustainability and profitability. Grounded in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry project was to explore effective strategies that seven HRMs in small- to medium-sized manufacturing industries used to retain employees for more than 5 years. The participants were seven leaders from various HRM roles within the manufacturing industry who have implemented effective employee retention strategies. Data were collected using semistructured interviews …


Exploring The Perceptions Of Religious Trauma Among Former Members Of The Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter-Day Saints Who Identify As A Sexual Minority, Samuel Clemens Mar 2026

Exploring The Perceptions Of Religious Trauma Among Former Members Of The Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter-Day Saints Who Identify As A Sexual Minority, Samuel Clemens

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This qualitative study explored the perceived experiences of religious trauma among formerly active members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) who identify as sexual minorities. Religious trauma, characterized by psychological, emotional, and social harm, arises from interactions with religious institutions and teachings. For sexual minorities within the LDS Church, strict adherence to heteronormative principles and rigid gender roles often results in identity suppression, emotional distress, and social isolation. Utilizing a generic qualitative inquiry approach, this study investigated how participants interpret their experiences of religious trauma and its perceived effects on their lives. Twelve participants aged 20–74 …


Innovative Strategies To Promote Financial Sustainability In Nonprofit Universities, Frank Koomson Mar 2026

Innovative Strategies To Promote Financial Sustainability In Nonprofit Universities, Frank Koomson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A lack of sustainable funding can negatively affect nonprofit universities’ ability to support students and retain qualified staff. Anchored in the Baldrige Excellence Framework, the purpose of this consulting capstone qualitative single-case study was to identify innovative strategies that nonprofit university business executives use to generate funds to promote financial sustainability. This study is important for nonprofit university executives and higher education decision-makers because effective revenue strategies can strengthen financial sustainability and support long-term organizational viability. The participant was an organizational leader with extensive experience and knowledge of the research phenomenon. Data were collected using a semistructured interview and a …


Health Histories, Tiffanie Walton Mar 2026

Health Histories, Tiffanie Walton

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.


High School Teachers’ Perspectives Of Middle School Biomedical Science Career Exploration Programs, Stephanie Gurule-Leyba Mar 2026

High School Teachers’ Perspectives Of Middle School Biomedical Science Career Exploration Programs, Stephanie Gurule-Leyba

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Biomedical sciences (BMS) are a common career pathway for U.S. Hispanic high school students interested in pursuing healthcare careers. Little was known about how middle school career exploration programs in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics motivate Hispanic students to continue pursuing BMS careers. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore high school teachers’ perspectives of how middle school BMS career exploration programs can motivate Hispanic students’ interest in BMS careers. The study was grounded in Keller’s attention, relevance, confidence and satisfaction motivation model. Thirteen high school BMS teachers, who have taught or are currently teaching the PLTW …


Teachers' Experiences Implementing Play-Based Learning Practices In Prekindergarten–Kindergarten Classrooms, Atiana T. Carroll Feb 2026

Teachers' Experiences Implementing Play-Based Learning Practices In Prekindergarten–Kindergarten Classrooms, Atiana T. Carroll

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem addressed through this study was that prekindergarten and kindergarten (PK-K) teachers in one large southern U.S. school district were not implementing play-based learning (PBL) practices despite the well-documented benefits of PBL in early childhood education. Guided by Knowles’s adult learning theory and Kolb’s experiential learning theory, the purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore PK-K teachers’ experiences with implementing PBL and to identify what teachers need to embed PBL practices in PK-K classrooms. Semistructured interviews were conducted with nine PK-K teachers, and thematic analysis was applied to identify key patterns. Four themes emerged from the analysis: …