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Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

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Family-Owned Small And Medium Enterprises And The Influence Of Social Capital Dimensions On Innovative Performance, Dawn Renee Proctor Apr 2026

Family-Owned Small And Medium Enterprises And The Influence Of Social Capital Dimensions On Innovative Performance, Dawn Renee Proctor

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Family-owned businesses in the United States encounter innovation and performance challenges that may contribute to unsustainable business practices. Owners and managers of family-owned small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) must understand these challenges, as failure to do so may indicate missed opportunities to leverage innovation through dimensions of social capital. The purpose of this quantitative, non-experimental, correlational study was to measure investment levels within social capital dimensions (structural, relational, and cognitive) that impact family-owned SMEs’ innovative efforts and performance capabilities in the West and Midwest regions of the United States. The theoretical foundation was social capital theory. There were four research …


Systemic Poverty Amongst Puerto Ricans In New Jersey, Karen M. Acevedo-Quintana Apr 2026

Systemic Poverty Amongst Puerto Ricans In New Jersey, Karen M. Acevedo-Quintana

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Puerto Ricans account for over 20% of Hispanics in New Jersey. It is estimated that 27.8% live below the poverty line. The poverty rate amongst this community is higher than the state average. Prior to this study, no known study examined what advocates for improving socioeconomic conditions amongst Puerto Ricans in New Jersey believed were the barriers to and/or facilitators of reducing poverty. The purpose of the generic qualitative study was to identify and analyze the perceptions of expert advocates regarding the current barriers to and/or facilitators of reducing poverty amongst Puerto Ricans in New Jersey using interpretivism through the …


Fast-Food Consumption And Metabolic Syndrome Risk In African Children And Adolescents, Norkinsha Willis Apr 2026

Fast-Food Consumption And Metabolic Syndrome Risk In African Children And Adolescents, Norkinsha Willis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Childhood obesity and excessive fast-food intake represent a significant public health concern among African American children. Grounded in the social-ecological model, this quantitative, cross-sectional study examined whether frequency of fast-food or pizza meal consumption and reliance on low-cost food was associated with total cholesterol (mg/dL) and waist circumference among African American children and adolescents aged 6–15 years while controlling for key sociodemographic factors (age, gender, parental education status, and annual household income). Secondary data from the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed (N=184). Descriptive statistics, nonparametric analyses, and a multiple linear regression model were used to analyze …


Developing Nursing Education On The Assessment Of Asthma Patients With Symptoms Of Shortness Of Breath In Urgent Care, Abigail Akorfa Adase Apr 2026

Developing Nursing Education On The Assessment Of Asthma Patients With Symptoms Of Shortness Of Breath In Urgent Care, Abigail Akorfa Adase

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This quality improvement project aimed to enhance the assessment of dyspnea in patients presenting with shortness of breath, particularly those with asthma, through a staff education program. At the practice site, staff primarily relied on SpO₂ readings to evaluate dyspnea, which often led to misassessment and delays in care. The project addressed this gap by providing urgent care staff with training on comprehensive assessment techniques, including evaluation of respiratory rate, work of breathing, ability to speak, patient history, and use of validated tools such as Borg’s scale and peak flow meters. Twenty triage staff members participated, including licensed practical nurses, …


Long-Term Impact Of Covid-19 On Burnout, Turnover, And Job Satisfaction Among Hospital Nurses, Delaney Corona Martinez Apr 2026

Long-Term Impact Of Covid-19 On Burnout, Turnover, And Job Satisfaction Among Hospital Nurses, Delaney Corona Martinez

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Hospital industry workforce separation has remained a persistent concern in the United States, with uncertainty regarding how national hospital industry separation patterns changed following the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this quantitative, nonexperimental retrospective study was to examine whether national hospital industry monthly separation rates differed between the prepandemic period (2018–2019) and the postpandemic period (2023–2024), whether separation rates demonstrated a statistically significant linear trend from 2018 through 2024, and whether separation rate variance differed between periods. The conceptual framework for this study was grounded in Maslach’s Burnout Theory and Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Job Satisfaction, which explain how workplace …


Preschool Special Educators' Perceptions On Using Role-Play To Improve Language Development For Preschoolers With Autism, Ini Udosen Apr 2026

Preschool Special Educators' Perceptions On Using Role-Play To Improve Language Development For Preschoolers With Autism, Ini Udosen

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem that was addressed through this study is that preschool special educators are not consistently integrating role-play strategies when teaching language development to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at ABC district (a pseudonym), a district in the southeastern United States. Grounded in Vygotsky’s social learning construct, the purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of preschool special educators on using role-playing exercises to model proper communication behaviors and to improve learning skills as well as other advantages of role-play activities for children with ASD at ABC district. For this basic qualitative study, semistructured interviews were conducted …


Psychosocial Experiences Of Custodial And Caregiving Grandparents With Adjudicated Violent Offending Grandchildren, Clifton George Burns Jr Apr 2026

Psychosocial Experiences Of Custodial And Caregiving Grandparents With Adjudicated Violent Offending Grandchildren, Clifton George Burns Jr

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Primary caregivers of teenage violent offenders play a vital role in identifying and addressing safety concerns, providing emotional and financial support, and meeting individual developmental and psychosocial needs. As more grandparents assume the role of primary caregiver, the need for targeted interventions to support their emotional and psychosocial health continues to grow, emphasizing the increasing importance of population-specific support for grandparents caring for their grandchildren. Problems arise when grandparents take on this role without access to interventions or resources that are designed for caring for adjudicated teen violent offenders. This qualitative generic study involved exploring emotional challenges faced by custodial …


Improving Medication And Lifestyle Adherence Through A Standardized Clinical Practice Guideline, Chazemba Shamaila Apr 2026

Improving Medication And Lifestyle Adherence Through A Standardized Clinical Practice Guideline, Chazemba Shamaila

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Medication and lifestyle nonadherence remains a persistent and costly problem within healthcare systems and represents a critical gap in nursing practice. Approximately half of adults prescribed long-term medications do not adhere to recommended regimens, contributing to poor disease control, preventable hospitalizations, increased mortality risk, and substantial healthcare expenditures. These challenges are particularly pronounced in outpatient mental health settings, where symptom burden, cognitive impairment, treatment complexity, and social determinants of health further compromise adherence. Addressing medication and lifestyle nonadherence aligns with nursing priorities related to patient safety, quality improvement, and health equity. This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project focused on …


Influence Of Moral Development, Religiosity, Achieved Belongingness, And Collective Narcissism On Conspiracy Theory Beliefs, Barbara Mahoney Lee Apr 2026

Influence Of Moral Development, Religiosity, Achieved Belongingness, And Collective Narcissism On Conspiracy Theory Beliefs, Barbara Mahoney Lee

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Belief in conspiracy theories has been linked to prejudice and societal instability, underscoring the importance of understanding the psychological factors that shape such beliefs. This quantitative correlational survey research examined the extent to which moral development, religiosity, achieved belongingness, collective narcissism, and political party affiliation predict conspiracy theory beliefs. Wood’s three-tier model of conspiracy theory beliefs provided the conceptual framework for the study. Using validated quantitative measures in an anonymous, demographically stratified sample (N = 279), a stepwise regression analysis assessed how individual and group-level factors contribute to conspiratorial thinking. Although political party affiliation was not an initial focus, preliminary …


Effective Community Awareness Strategies For Nonprofit Sustainability And Performance, Lina Gabrielle Rugova Apr 2026

Effective Community Awareness Strategies For Nonprofit Sustainability And Performance, Lina Gabrielle Rugova

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The absence of formalized governance, measurement systems, and standardized processes in nonprofit organizations can limit performance, accountability, and long-term sustainability. Nonprofit executive leaders and board members are concerned about fulfilling their responsibilities for organizational effectiveness and community social effectiveness. Grounded in the Baldrige Excellence Framework and the resource-based view theory, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore strategies nonprofit leaders use to improve organizational performance and governance effectiveness. The participants were six organizational leaders and board members from a Canadian nonprofit training organization. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and analysis of organizational documents, and were …


Early Childhood Pre-Service Teacher Interns’ Experiences In Building Relationships With Students’ Families, Fungayi Madzonga Apr 2026

Early Childhood Pre-Service Teacher Interns’ Experiences In Building Relationships With Students’ Families, Fungayi Madzonga

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Strong relationships between educators and students’ families are essential for fostering learning environments to meet the needs of early childhood students. The problem that was addressed through this study is that many early childhood preservice teacher interns (ECPTIs) experience challenges in building relationships with students’ families during the internship phase of teacher preparation in Alberta. Framed by ecological systems and self determination theories, the purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore ECPTIs’ experiences building relationships with students’ families and to understand the resources needed to strengthen those relationships in Alberta. Semi structured interviews were conducted with 12 ECPTIs …


Evaluating The Relationship Between Vitamin D Supplementation, Lifestyle, Social Determinants Of Health, Asthma, And Respiratory Tract Infections, Yun O'Donnell Apr 2026

Evaluating The Relationship Between Vitamin D Supplementation, Lifestyle, Social Determinants Of Health, Asthma, And Respiratory Tract Infections, Yun O'Donnell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Hypovitaminosis D is a significant public health concern in the United States associated with inadequate sunlight exposure and insufficient dietary intake. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that progressively worsens over time. While asthma is typically managed through individual-level treatment approaches, population-level strategies such as vitamin D supplementation and food fortification policies have not been implemented. A five-tier Public Health Impact Pyramid theoretical foundation guided this nonexperimental quantitative cross-sectional study. Data from 2013-2014 and 2017-2018 NHANES (n = 1,456) was evaluated for relationships between vitamin D supplementation, duration of sunlight exposure, and food security index, with asthma, asthma exacerbation severity, …


Determining Factors Leading To Sobriety In Native American Graduates Of A Joint-Jurisdictional Court Program, Ryan Fisher Mar 2026

Determining Factors Leading To Sobriety In Native American Graduates Of A Joint-Jurisdictional Court Program, Ryan Fisher

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The issue of driving under the influence (DUI) is a continuous problem in rural communities, especial those in Indian Country. Alcohol use and abuse has long been a health concern for these communities contributing to higher mortality rates and increased incarceration rates for American Indian / Alaskan Native (AIAN) populations. Wellness courts, using the problem-solving court model, have been successful in helping DUI offenders achieve sobriety and wellness. While the model has been successful, there remains a lack of qualitative research into why participants find success in these programs; especially marginalized populations such as AIAN. This phenomenological qualitative study was …


Staff Education To Improve Mental Health Staff Knowledge On Mobile Health Applications For Medication Adherence, Chipasha Chingwengwezi Mar 2026

Staff Education To Improve Mental Health Staff Knowledge On Mobile Health Applications For Medication Adherence, Chipasha Chingwengwezi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite rising evidence supporting the efficacy of mobile health (mHealth) applications to enhance medication adherence among individuals with mental health conditions, there is little utilization of these applications within mental health facilities. This project aimed to address the issue of implementing an interactive education program to enhance the knowledge of mental health staff and skills in the application of mHealth apps to enhance medication adherence. The main objective of this project was to fill the gap between conducting research and implementing its outcomes by providing staff with the knowledge and skills to incorporate mHealth applications into their daily practice. The …


Staff Education To Improve Mental Health Access For Underserved Populations Through Telehealth, Kafayat Olabisi Oluwole Mar 2026

Staff Education To Improve Mental Health Access For Underserved Populations Through Telehealth, Kafayat Olabisi Oluwole

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This staff education doctoral project evaluated whether structured telehealth training improves psychiatric nurses’ knowledge in delivering care to underserved populations. A gap in practice was identified, as many psychiatric nurses lacked formal training in providing culturally competent and effective virtual mental health services. Guided by the ADDIE model and the Johns Hopkins evidence-based practice framework, a structured educational intervention was implemented with 25 psychiatric nurses. Participants completed pre- and posttests to assess knowledge gained. Results demonstrated an increase in mean scores from 62.8% to 77.4%, reflecting a 14.6% improvement. A paired t test indicated statistical significance (p < .05), confirming the effectiveness of the intervention. These findings suggest that targeted telehealth education enhances psychiatric nurses’ readiness to deliver high-quality, culturally responsive care. This project supports positive social change by improving access to equitable mental health services for underserved populations.


Educating Staff Nurses On Pain Reassessment, Katie Louise Pemberton Mar 2026

Educating Staff Nurses On Pain Reassessment, Katie Louise Pemberton

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Pain is one of the most common reasons that patients seek medical care, and chronic pain is a major health problem. The goal of this project was to address a lack of current, evidence-based knowledge of nurses regarding pain reassessment. The context for this project was a medical-surgical area in a rural hospital. The Doctor of Nursing Practice project attempted to answer the practice focus question on whether education improved knowledge related to improving pain reassessment. The project framework utilized in the doctoral project was the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation model. An education program was designed with the …


Alignment Of Projects With Business Strategy, Lyndon Leathan Martin Mar 2026

Alignment Of Projects With Business Strategy, Lyndon Leathan Martin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Some organizations lack strategies to ensure that project outcomes are aligned with organizational objectives. Business leaders are concerned when project outcomes are misaligned with organizational objectives, as this can lead to decreased profitability and a loss of competitive advantage. Grounded in Porter’s Five Forces model, the purpose of this qualitative, pragmatic inquiry was to explore the strategies business leaders use to ensure project outcomes are profitable and aligned with organizational objectives. The participants were six executive leaders of real estate and development companies in the Caribbean, purposefully selected because their organizations had successfully fulfilled organizational objectives through project outcomes. Data …


Nursing Students’ Attitudes About Correcting Health Misinformation On Social Media, Heather Ann Hill Mar 2026

Nursing Students’ Attitudes About Correcting Health Misinformation On Social Media, Heather Ann Hill

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Health misinformation on social media is a global public health concern. Research has shown that health misinformation causes significant harm in communities, especially for vulnerable populations with existing health disparities. Nurses have been urged to play a more significant role in combating health misinformation. Existing research has shown that nurses are hesitant to correct health misinformation on social media, but attitudes among current nursing students have not been examined. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore nursing students' attitudes about correcting health misinformation on social media. Guided by Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior and Paterson and Zderad’s …


Perspectives Of Elementary Teachers On The Challenges Of Implementing Reading Technology, Hajirah Abdullah Mar 2026

Perspectives Of Elementary Teachers On The Challenges Of Implementing Reading Technology, Hajirah Abdullah

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Reading skills in elementary school students continue to decline despite the efforts of teachers and lawmakers. The problem addressed through this study was that although teachers at ABC Elementary School (pseudonym) had access to 30 different software/apps for technology literacy programs that could help improve student achievement on state assessments, district data showed that very few teachers were using the technology with students. The purpose of this qualitative project study was to explore the perspectives of elementary teachers on the challenges of implementing reading technology and ways to better support its use in classroom instruction at ABC Elementary School. The …


Exploring The Strategies Used By Caribbean Business Leaders To Adopt Artificial Intelligence To Improve Business Performance And Decision-Making, Hazarie Ramoutar Mar 2026

Exploring The Strategies Used By Caribbean Business Leaders To Adopt Artificial Intelligence To Improve Business Performance And Decision-Making, Hazarie Ramoutar

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A lack of effective strategies for adopting generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) limits business leaders in the Caribbean’s ability to enhance business performance and decision-making. Business executives, shareholders, employees, and policymakers are vested in the success of Caribbean businesses to remain competitive and become more efficient. Grounded in the technology acceptance model (TAM), the purpose of this qualitative, pragmatic inquiry project was to identify and explore the strategies Caribbean business leaders use to successfully adopt GenAI, thereby enhancing business performance and decision-making. The participants were seven business leaders from for-profit organizations in the English-speaking Caribbean. Data were collected using semistructured interview-based …


The Experiences Of Faith-Based Non-Profit Human Services Professionals In The Implementation Of Parental Resources For Homeless Mothers, Latasha Sublett Mar 2026

The Experiences Of Faith-Based Non-Profit Human Services Professionals In The Implementation Of Parental Resources For Homeless Mothers, Latasha Sublett

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Homelessness is a worldwide, complex social problem that has impacted groups like women and children. In recent studies, researchers have demonstrated that homeless mothers can face mental health challenges and stressors related to parenting, while homeless children can experience emotional and physical difficulties. Parental resources have been cited as a tool to help homeless families address stress and development in distinct settings in current research; however, there was limited research on how faith-based non-profits utilize parental resources to help homeless mothers. The purpose of the generic qualitative study was to learn the perceptions and experiences of faith-based non-profit human services …


Exploring The Process Of Using Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy To Treat Anxiety, Danica Yates Mar 2026

Exploring The Process Of Using Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy To Treat Anxiety, Danica Yates

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Anxiety is the most rapidly growing mental health problem globally, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Mental health clinicians need effective integrative health treatment strategies to address the anxiety epidemic. The purpose of this qualitative generic study was to explore the perspectives of clinicians on the process of using equine-assisted psychotherapy (EAP) to treat adolescents and young adults with anxiety through the lens of a somatic theory, bioenergetics. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 12 EAP clinicians and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. Three themes were identified: 1. The process of EAP is highly effective because energetic …


Teachers And Administrators’ Perspectives Of Teacher Retention Rates During The First 5 Years Of Employment, Seth Hay Mar 2026

Teachers And Administrators’ Perspectives Of Teacher Retention Rates During The First 5 Years Of Employment, Seth Hay

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem that was addressed through this study was the high percentage of novice teachers leaving the profession during the first 5 years of teaching in a Southwestern state. Grounded in Mitchell et al.'s job embeddedness theory, the purpose of this qualitative study was to explore K-12 teachers’ perspectives on factors influencing their decision to remain in the education profession, as well as K-12 administrators’ perspectives on influencing novice teachers’ decisions to persist in the education profession in a Southwestern state. For this basic qualitative design, data were collected from 10 teachers and three administrators and analyzed using Braun and …


Effective Strategies For Hospital Adoption Of Value-Based Reimbursement Models, Nicholas Isbell Mar 2026

Effective Strategies For Hospital Adoption Of Value-Based Reimbursement Models, Nicholas Isbell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Acute care hospitals continue to experience financial strain as the healthcare system transitions from fee for service to value-based reimbursement (VBR) models. The purpose of this integrative review was to identify evidence-based financial, clinical, and operational strategies that support hospital adaptation to value-based models while maintaining financial stability and high-quality care. The guiding question focused on determining which strategies reduce financial pressures and improve value-based performance in acute care hospitals. Guided by resource-based theory, this integrative review included 25 empirical and nonempirical studies published between 2019 and 2025 that examined U.S. acute care hospitals. Data were synthesized through a thematic …


Education To Improve Knowledge On Effective Communication Among Health Care Staff, Afolake Olajumoke Benson Mar 2026

Education To Improve Knowledge On Effective Communication Among Health Care Staff, Afolake Olajumoke Benson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This doctoral project was conducted at a family practice clinic to assess the impact of staff education on the clinic staff knowledge of the use of situation, background, assessment, recommendation (SBAR) as a communication tool. Miscommunication among healthcare staff is a practice problem at the clinic caused by unstructured sharing of information, which often results in delay in patient care, occurrence of medical errors, and decrease in patient safety, thus the need to address this problem. The purpose of the project was to use staff education on SBAR to increase the clinic staff knowledge on the use of SBAR as …


Falls In Inpatient Hospital Settings, Merlina Constantine Mar 2026

Falls In Inpatient Hospital Settings, Merlina Constantine

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Inpatient falls are a common and preventable problem that affects health care costs, patient safety, and clinical quality. Inpatient falls occur within hospitals, cause harm, extend hospitalization, and require additional healthcare funding. Falls harm a patient’s physical health and cause emotional trauma, decrease patient satisfaction, and undermine confidence in the hospital care systems. Falls are therefore a significant concern in the nursing practice environment because nurses form the first component of prevention, monitoring, and intervention. This doctoral project aimed to re-educate and reinforce staff understanding of clinical guidelines to prevent inpatient falls through evidence-based interventions targeting environmental, behavioral, and organizational …


Hr Strategies Used To Reduce Employee Turnover And Employee Replacement Costs, Karlita Mcclinton Mar 2026

Hr Strategies Used To Reduce Employee Turnover And Employee Replacement Costs, Karlita Mcclinton

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Ineffective employee well-being strategies can contribute to elevated levels of voluntary turnover, resulting in increased employee replacement costs, lost organizational knowledge, and operational disruption. Human resource (HR) leaders who do not successfully develop employee well-being strategies may find their organization facing operational disruptions as a result. Grounded in social sustainability and the European corporate sustainability frameworks, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry research project was to identify and explore effective employee well-being strategies used by HR leaders to reduce employee turnover and employee replacement costs. The participants were 10 HR leaders who had implemented effective employee well-being strategies. Data …


Lived Experiences Of Black, Indigenous, And People Of Color (Bipoc) Counselors Collaborating With Multidisciplinary Teams To Treat Bipoc Clients Diagnosed With Eating Disorders, Melissa Sherfield Mar 2026

Lived Experiences Of Black, Indigenous, And People Of Color (Bipoc) Counselors Collaborating With Multidisciplinary Teams To Treat Bipoc Clients Diagnosed With Eating Disorders, Melissa Sherfield

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Eating disorder (ED) treatment has historically been grounded in Eurocentric models that inadequately account for the cultural contexts and lived experiences of Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC), contributing to persistent disparities in care. The purpose of this descriptive transcendental phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of BIPOC counselors who provide culturally responsive care to BIPOC clients diagnosed with EDs. Guided by Husserl’s phenomenological philosophy of intentionality and Giorgi’s descriptive phenomenological method, the central research question addressed the lived experiences of BIPOC counselors providing culturally responsive ED care, with a sub-question addressing how counselors describe their preparedness …


Implementing An Acuity-Based Staffing Model To Improve Staffing Equity And Patient Safety In An Inpatient Mental Health Unit, Vivian Emuobe Mar 2026

Implementing An Acuity-Based Staffing Model To Improve Staffing Equity And Patient Safety In An Inpatient Mental Health Unit, Vivian Emuobe

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Understaffing during the weekends has been related to issues in patient safety, delayed responses, and increased nurse fatigue and turnover in a majority of inpatient mental health units. This practice improvement Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project aimed to address disparities in nurse staffing ratios between weekdays and weekends within inpatient mental health units. The purpose of the project was to design and test an evidence-based acuity-based staffing model, supported by structured staff education and compliance monitoring, to promote equitable workload distribution and improve patient and organizational outcomes. The guiding practice question asked: How does the implementation of an acuity-based …


Exercise Effects On Decreased Levels Of Depression In Female Breast Cancer Patients, Dorothy Y. Spencer Mar 2026

Exercise Effects On Decreased Levels Of Depression In Female Breast Cancer Patients, Dorothy Y. Spencer

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Breast cancer patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are at a high risk of experiencing pain and fatigue, anxiety and substance use, poor quality of life, marital spouses with elevated depression, impaired sexual functioning, sleep disorders, poor immune system functioning, rapid progression of cancer, and higher mortality rates. Grounded in Fritz Heider’s attribution theory, the purpose of this quantitative quasi-experimental study was to examine the relationship between physical exercise and a decrease in MDD. The participants comprised of 15 female breast cancer patients, 18 years of age and older, who may have experienced depression. The participants completed the Beck Depression …