Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year

Articles 1711 - 1740 of 15656

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Experiences Of Early Childhood Professionals Regarding Selective Mutism, Jessica Denise Huffman Oct 2025

Experiences Of Early Childhood Professionals Regarding Selective Mutism, Jessica Denise Huffman

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem that was addressed through this study is that the experiences of early childhood professionals (ECPs) working with children with selective mutism are unknown. Grounded in Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory of child development, the purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore the experiences of ECPs working with children with selective mutism. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 12 ECPs who support children with selective mutism in several districts in southern California. Through open coding, the following themes emerged: ECPs noted (a) limited knowledge about selective mutism; (b) supporting children who have selective mutism is both enjoyable and …


Educating Emergency Department Nursing Staff: Early Identification Of Sepsis, Cynthia A. Chaney Oct 2025

Educating Emergency Department Nursing Staff: Early Identification Of Sepsis, Cynthia A. Chaney

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Sepsis remains a life-threatening health challenge, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality within healthcare systems. This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project aimed to address knowledge deficits among emergency room nurses regarding the early identification and management of sepsis, mainly through the implementation of the 3-hour sepsis bundle. The practice-focused question guiding this project was whether educating nurses on the 3-hour sepsis bundle would increase their knowledge. This project aimed to educate nurses on how to identify sepsis early and implement the sepsis 3-hour bundle in a timely manner, with the overall goal of improving nursing knowledge. The sources of …


School Leaders’ Perceptions Of Post-Covid-19 Recruiting And Retention Of Special Education Teachers In A Local School District, Framy Diaz Oct 2025

School Leaders’ Perceptions Of Post-Covid-19 Recruiting And Retention Of Special Education Teachers In A Local School District, Framy Diaz

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

School leaders in a local school district continue to struggle keeping their special education (SPED) positions appropriately staffed. The problem was that the inability to fill these large numbers of vacancies could adversely affect the quality of services SPED students receive and impact school personnel's ability to meet legal IEP compliance requirements. Guided by Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Herzberg’s two-way factor theories, the purpose of this qualitative study was to gain the perspectives of school and district leaders regarding difficulties in post-COVID-19 recruiting and retention of SPED teachers. A basic qualitative design was used to capture the insights of …


Navigating Transition: Lived Experiences Of Discharged Foster Care Youth (18–24) In Accessing Community Resources, Joi Junetta Miller Oct 2025

Navigating Transition: Lived Experiences Of Discharged Foster Care Youth (18–24) In Accessing Community Resources, Joi Junetta Miller

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The transition from foster care to independent living represents a critical life stage for youth, especially those aged 18–24, who face numerous challenges in accessing and utilizing community resources. In the United States, nearly 391,000 children are in foster care, with many experiencing negative outcomes upon exiting the system, such as homelessness, unemployment, and incarceration. This qualitative phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of discharged foster care youth, focusing on their ability to access and utilize available resources, including education, employment, healthcare, and mental health services. The study was grounded in social adjustment theory and resiliency theory, which framed youth …


Effective Leadership Strategies For Retaining Millennial Employees, Michele Donna Cameron Oct 2025

Effective Leadership Strategies For Retaining Millennial Employees, Michele Donna Cameron

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Millennial employees are likely to leave their jobs when work preferences are unmet. The problem is that business leaders often lack effective leadership strategies to retain millennial employees, which can hamper the productivity and profitability of their organization. Grounded in the transformational leadership theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry project was to explore effective leadership strategies to improve millennial employee retention rates. The participants were eight experienced business leaders who successfully led and retained millennial employees. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and a review of publicly available resources. Utilizing Braun and Clarke’s six-stage thematic analysis model, four …


Improving Nurse Adherence To Medication Reconciliation During Patient Admissions To Reduce Medication Errors Through Targeted Education, Wendy J. Marlowe Oct 2025

Improving Nurse Adherence To Medication Reconciliation During Patient Admissions To Reduce Medication Errors Through Targeted Education, Wendy J. Marlowe

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Medication reconciliation errors are a significant clinical concern because they have the potential to result in serious or even life-threatening harm to patients. Implementing risk-reduction strategies through targeted education and systematic processes for medication reconciliation is crucial to enhancing patient safety and mitigating the risk of errors. Over 40% of medication errors occur during patient transitions, such as admissions, which are mainly due to inadequate medication reconciliation. The project addressed a practice-focused question to increase patient admission medication reconciliation by improving nurse knowledge by 20% and reducing medication errors by 60% within 2 months. I employed a pre-/posttest design in …


Fema Public Policy Impacts On Emergency Preparedness In Florida, Sara Sambolin Oct 2025

Fema Public Policy Impacts On Emergency Preparedness In Florida, Sara Sambolin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Older adults are at an increased risk of mortality during hazardous emergencies; therefore, it is crucial to comprehend how current emergency preparedness policies are related to preparedness perceptions of older adults. Findings in recent literature identified the underrepresentation of older adults in Emergency Preparedness studies across all areas and Counties of the state of Florida as a gap that needs to be addressed. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between the 2023 FEMA policy on emergency preparedness and the self-reported degree of preparedness among Florida’s older adult residents in urban and rural areas across …


Staff Education Program On Perceived Stress Scale, Juliana Mutua Oct 2025

Staff Education Program On Perceived Stress Scale, Juliana Mutua

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This project was a staff education program conducted at a mental health and rehabilitation center in the United States. The program was designed to address a critical gap in practice of limited staff knowledge of using standardized stress assessment tools to assess patient stress, leading to poor patient outcomes. The practice-focused question was: Does staff education on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) improve staff knowledge as compared pre- to post-education? The purpose was to enhance staff knowledge on the application and interpretation of the PSS. The Johns Hopkins nursing evidence-based practice (JHNEBP) model was used to organize and evaluate the …


Strategies Managers Use To Retain Financial Advisors New To The Industry, Andraes Anthony Alexander Oct 2025

Strategies Managers Use To Retain Financial Advisors New To The Industry, Andraes Anthony Alexander

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

High employee turnover can negatively affect a business. Some financial advisor managers are concerned about the retention of financial advisors who are new to the industry, as addressing this issue is vital for organizational efficiency, given the high costs of employee replacement. Grounded in social exchange theory, the purpose of this qualitative, pragmatic inquiry project was to explore the strategies financial advisor managers use to improve the retention of financial advisors who are new to the industry. The participants comprised eight financial advisor managers with successful retention strategies. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and by reviewing organizational websites and …


School Leaders And Strategies To Address Teacher Shortages In A Rural School District, Phaniki Antwanette Jenkins Oct 2025

School Leaders And Strategies To Address Teacher Shortages In A Rural School District, Phaniki Antwanette Jenkins

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem addressed was that education administrators struggle to reduce teacher shortages in rural public school districts in the Southeastern United States. Grounded in transformational leadership theory, the purpose of this basic qualitative study was three-fold: to understand what experiences education administrators had concerning teacher shortages, what practices they used to address shortages, and what strategies they deemed most helpful. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 state-certified administrators with at least 3 years’ experience in their role in one rural public school district in the Southeastern United States. Open and axial coding were used to support thematic analysis. Administrative experiences …


Improving Icu Nurses’ Knowledge Of Early Mobility Through An Educational Intervention, Mohini Chand Oct 2025

Improving Icu Nurses’ Knowledge Of Early Mobility Through An Educational Intervention, Mohini Chand

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This doctoral project sought to close a critical knowledge gap in the implementation of early mobility (EM) practices among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. Guided by the ADDIE instructional design model, the initiative centered on developing and delivering a six-week educational intervention aimed at enhancing nurses’ comprehension and application of EM strategies for critically ill patients. Despite robust evidence supporting EM’s role in mitigating ICU-acquired weakness, reducing delirium, and improving functional outcomes, its clinical adoption remained inconsistent prior to this intervention. The project was anchored by the practice-focused question: “To what extent does an educational intervention improve ICU nurses’ knowledge …


Effective Strategies Oil And Gas Business Organizations’ Project Managers Use To Complete Information Technology Projects, Kenneth Uwalaka Oct 2025

Effective Strategies Oil And Gas Business Organizations’ Project Managers Use To Complete Information Technology Projects, Kenneth Uwalaka

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The inability to complete information technology (IT) projects remains a significant concern for project managers in oil and gas industry. These are keen on discovering effective strategies to successfully complete IT projects, as any failures could significantly impact their organization's revenue and future. Grounded in the strategic alignment model, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry project was to identify and explore successful strategies project managers of oil and gas business organizations use to complete IT projects to avoid a negative impact on organizational revenue and survival. The participants included seven project managers from different oil and gas business organizations …


Strategies To Improve Access To Clinical Informatics Specialist Consultations In An Acute Care Hospital System, Holli Miller Oct 2025

Strategies To Improve Access To Clinical Informatics Specialist Consultations In An Acute Care Hospital System, Holli Miller

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Access to clinical informatics specialist (CIS) consultations is essential for optimizing electronic health record (EHR) use in acute care hospital systems. Limited availability of CIS support contributes to clinician burnout, workflow inefficiencies, and patient safety risks. The purpose of this integrative review was to identify strategies to improve access to CIS consultations in acute care settings. A comprehensive literature search across multiple databases yielded 656 articles, with 24 meeting inclusion criteria based on relevance and methodological rigor, evaluated using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice appraisal tools. These studies, published between 2019 and 2024, underwent thematic analysis guided by the …


Perceptions Of Whole Plant-Based Diets And Weight Among Hispanics In Miami, Florida, Zoraida Powell Oct 2025

Perceptions Of Whole Plant-Based Diets And Weight Among Hispanics In Miami, Florida, Zoraida Powell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Being overweight or obese poses major public health concerns and contributes to the development of chronic illnesses. While researchers have explored how a total plant-based diet impacts excess body weight or obesity, there is still a lack of clarity about how Hispanics living in Miami, FL, perceive or understand this diet concerning overweight and obesity. Using a generic qualitative approach, this study was conducted on how Hispanics in Miami, FL, understand and view a whole plant-based diet (WPBD) for preventing and reducing overweight and obesity. Through interviews with 14 diverse Hispanic participants, the study revealed that they see WPBD as …


Rurality’S Impact On Alaska Native Elders’ Levels Of Physical Activity And Obesity, Jessie Doherty Oct 2025

Rurality’S Impact On Alaska Native Elders’ Levels Of Physical Activity And Obesity, Jessie Doherty

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

While there have been studies on obesity levels and physical activity levels across many populations and age groups, few studies have focused on Alaska Native Elders. The purpose of this study was to examine rurality (urban vs. rural counties), physical activity, and obesity level while controlling for sex, self-reported loneliness, and self-reported stress. The theoretical foundation for this study was based on the socio-ecological model (SEM), and the research questions in this study explored how rurality impacted obesity levels and how rurality impacted physical activity levels in Alaska Native Elders. The methodology of this study was a quantitative cross-sectional design …


Effective Organizational Succession Planning Strategies For Retaining Knowledge From Retiring Employees, Rodriquez Tremayne Brown Oct 2025

Effective Organizational Succession Planning Strategies For Retaining Knowledge From Retiring Employees, Rodriquez Tremayne Brown

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A lack of succession planning to retain critical knowledge from retiring employees poses significant risks to organizational revenue and long-term survival. Organizational leaders are particularly concerned about succession planning because failure to capture employee knowledge threatens organizational performance and survival. Grounded in the 7-step model for succession planning theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry project was to identify and explore effective succession planning strategies that some organizational leaders use to retain knowledge from retiring employees to avoid a negative impact on organizational revenue and survival. The participants included eight senior human resource managers from different organizations in the …


An Examination Of Successful Reentry And Recidivism For Drug-Involved Offenders In Rural Areas, Jacqueline Cottle Oct 2025

An Examination Of Successful Reentry And Recidivism For Drug-Involved Offenders In Rural Areas, Jacqueline Cottle

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In rural communities, treatment and supportive resources are limited, putting ex-offenders (EXOs) at an increased risk for relapse or recidivism. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand, through semistructured interviews, the experiences of EXOs who completed the court residential treatment center, intermediate sanction facility, or substance abuse felony punishment facility, and returned to a rural county in Texas, along with the perspectives of 11 community supervision officers who worked closely with the EXOs. This study was guided by Agnew’s general strain theory, which posits that drug-involved offenders achieve successful reentry in rural areas when positive supports are present, …


Early Childhood Special Education Teachers’ Perspectives Of Teaching Social-Emotional Skills During The Covid-19 Pandemic Virtual Learning Period, Dalena Lynette Lafferty Oct 2025

Early Childhood Special Education Teachers’ Perspectives Of Teaching Social-Emotional Skills During The Covid-19 Pandemic Virtual Learning Period, Dalena Lynette Lafferty

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

During the COVID-19 pandemic, early childhood special education teachers struggled to virtually teach social-emotional skills to their students when schools were closed, and all students were moved from face-to-face to virtual learning. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore early childhood special education teachers’ perspectives on teaching social-emotional skills to their students during the COVID-19 pandemic virtual learning period. Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory was used as the conceptual framework for this study. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 10 early childhood special education teachers from the United States who had experience with teaching social-emotional skills virtually during …


Implementation Of The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 As A Screening Tool For Depression, Nathalie Teboh Njofri Bih Oct 2025

Implementation Of The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 As A Screening Tool For Depression, Nathalie Teboh Njofri Bih

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Depression is a common mental health issue that is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed in primary care practice due to a lack of appropriate screening. The practice problem addressed by this project was the inconsistent use of standardized tools, like the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), which hinders timely and accurate depression diagnosis. The practice-focused question was: Does educating staff impact their knowledge of the recommended use and interpretation of the PHQ-9 and their confidence in administering the tool? I aimed to enhance depression screening practices by educating nursing staff on administering, scoring, and integrating the PHQ-9 into routine patient care. For …


Dieticians’ Perceptions Of Pediatric Obesity Education In Children’S Hospitals Located In Northeast Maryland, Constance Bartu Oct 2025

Dieticians’ Perceptions Of Pediatric Obesity Education In Children’S Hospitals Located In Northeast Maryland, Constance Bartu

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Dieticians play a vital role in the fight against pediatric obesity in the United States. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore dieticians’ perceptions of internal and external reinforcements and barriers to childhood obesity interventions in children’s hospitals within Northeast Maryland. The study was framed by the social cognitive theory described by Bandura. As applied to this study, the theory focuses on prevention and intervention strategies used by dieticians working in children’s hospitals while offering educational interventions and other health care services. Interviews were conducted with eight dieticians with a minimum of 4 years working in children’s hospitals …


Quality Improvement Initiative To Evaluate Glp-1 Medication Effectiveness In Adults Aged 30–50 Years With Type 2 Diabetes, Valantina Awah Nsoh Oct 2025

Quality Improvement Initiative To Evaluate Glp-1 Medication Effectiveness In Adults Aged 30–50 Years With Type 2 Diabetes, Valantina Awah Nsoh

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This quality improvement initiative was a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) capstone project conducted at a clinic in the southeast United States. The project focused on evaluating the effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonist (RA) therapy in adults aged 30–50 years old with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), assessing the clinical effectiveness of existing GLP-1 prescribing practices in reducing hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and weight over 6 months. The practice problem involved a lack of evidence-based monitoring and outcome tracking for patients on GLP-1 RAs despite the known efficacy of these medications in glycemic control. The project question was: Will HbA1c …


Lived Experiences Of Obese Women In Mississippi Concerning The Role Of Psychosocial Factors In The Development Of Obesity, Temitope Olabode Oct 2025

Lived Experiences Of Obese Women In Mississippi Concerning The Role Of Psychosocial Factors In The Development Of Obesity, Temitope Olabode

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

One of the highest rates of obesity in the United States is in Mississippi, where middle- aged obese women deal with a variety of social, cultural, and personal issues, including shame, discrimination, and stigma based on weight, mental anguish, cultural norms, financial limitations, and restricted access to healthcare. This study investigated the psychosocial factors that contribute to obesity in women aged 40- 60 years, and the effects of obesity on body image, self-esteem, health behaviors, and quality of life. A qualitative phenomenological study using the social ecological model (SEM) framework looked at the individual, interpersonal, and policy levels of the …


Comparing Fall Champions Versus Standard Protocol To Enhance Fall Prevention In An Adult Medical-Surgical Unit, Lily Denney Oct 2025

Comparing Fall Champions Versus Standard Protocol To Enhance Fall Prevention In An Adult Medical-Surgical Unit, Lily Denney

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

I conducted this quality improvement (QI) initiative with the aim of reducing inpatient falls within an adult medical-surgical unit through the implementation of a Fall Champions model supported by structured education and decentralized nursing leadership. Inpatient falls pose a persistent threat to patient safety, often leading to injury, prolonged hospitalization, and increased healthcare costs. Internal audits conducted through VigiLanz reporting revealed inconsistent protocol compliance and minimal accountability, signaling the need for targeted practice reform. Framed by the guiding question of whether Fall Champions could reduce inpatient falls compared to standard protocols, I evaluated the role of frontline leadership in reinforcing …


Alternative And Traditional Schooling On Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Alaska Native Youth In The Lower Kuskokwim, Nathaniel Hebert Oct 2025

Alternative And Traditional Schooling On Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Alaska Native Youth In The Lower Kuskokwim, Nathaniel Hebert

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Alaska Native youth experience disproportionately high rates of sexual risk, yet disaggregated data and school-contextual analyses remain limited. Understanding how school type (alternative vs. traditional) and individual factors influence sexual risk among Alaska Native youth is essential for informing targeted, culturally responsive health interventions and addressing ongoing health disparities. This quantitative study aimed to examine the association between three behaviors (condom use, multiple sexual partners, and substance use) by school type, controlling for gender, grade level, body mass index, and afterschool activity. Guided by the social-ecological model, this cross-sectional study provided new insights into the relationship between school type and …


Does Staff Education About Diabetic Self-Management Improve Knowledge And Intent To Educate Their Patients?, Bambi Lee Lane Oct 2025

Does Staff Education About Diabetic Self-Management Improve Knowledge And Intent To Educate Their Patients?, Bambi Lee Lane

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This doctoral project was an education program for staff aimed at increasing their knowledge about diabetic self-management compliance. With improved knowledge, they will be better prepared to educate their patients. Diabetes is a highly complex disease that requires self-management care, including monitoring of blood glucose levels, control of diet, and medication adherence. Despite extensive pharmacology and diet counseling, irregularities between staff training and education program implementation have led to variable results in patients' compliance and control of glycemia at the project site. The significance of such an issue lies in its direct impact on patient morbidity, avoidable complications, and increased …


Addressing The Impact Of Workplace Violence On Staff Injury And Turnover Rates, Kia Denae Walker Oct 2025

Addressing The Impact Of Workplace Violence On Staff Injury And Turnover Rates, Kia Denae Walker

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This is an evaluation of a quality initiative (QI) project to determine the effectiveness of the 2023 workplace violence prevention training program in reducing workplace violence-related injures increasing the staff’s self-reported confidence in managing violence-related injuries and increasing the staff’s self-reported confidence in managing violent incidents during the six-month evaluation period. The objective of this QI evaluation project was to analyze the effectiveness of staff education intervention in reducing workplace violence and its costs. The level of increase in staff’s knowledge, level of compliance with safety measures, and number of violence-related cases and claims was the focus of the post-implementation …


Clubhouse Versus Ips Outcomes In Terms Of Hours Worked And Pay Earned, Daniel Scott Reynolds Oct 2025

Clubhouse Versus Ips Outcomes In Terms Of Hours Worked And Pay Earned, Daniel Scott Reynolds

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Individuals balance personal needs and societal norms as they attempt to achieve self-fulfillment. However, those who have mental illness face marginalization from the workforce and diminished quality of life. Of the two prominent vocational programs – the Clubhouse and the Individualized Placement and Support (IPS) – that assist this population in integrating into the workforce, and therefore into society. It is unknown which program does better at helping the mental illness population meet their objectives of integration. Such a comparison is important because it will help these people to integrate into the workforce and into society, thereby increasing their quality …


Staff Education Program To Increase Staff Knowledge On Evidence-Based Practices To Reduce Falls, Ariella Carrenan Oct 2025

Staff Education Program To Increase Staff Knowledge On Evidence-Based Practices To Reduce Falls, Ariella Carrenan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Falls among older adults in long-term care facilities constitute a pressing concern, affecting 30% to 40% of residents each year due to physiological changes associated with aging. Such incidents precipitated injuries, extended hospitalizations, elevated healthcare costs, and increased the potential for legal liabilities. This project investigated the effect of a structured educational intervention on nursing staff knowledge of fall prevention strategies in a long-term care facility where the fall rate of 3.4% exceeded the state average of 2.5% and the national average of 3.3%. The project explored the question: In a long-term care facility, does staff education increase staff knowledge …


Determinant Factors Of Iot Adoption For Smart Cities In The United States, Nathaniel Pleasant Crews Oct 2025

Determinant Factors Of Iot Adoption For Smart Cities In The United States, Nathaniel Pleasant Crews

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Even with the promise of efficiency, sustainability, and better services that IoT technologies bring, the adoption in U.S. smart cities remains uneven and hasn’t met expectations. This gap creates challenges for leaders and IT managers who depend on IoT for infrastructure, safety, and service delivery. To address this issue, it’s important to investigate the factors that impact adoption. Grounded in the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model, the purpose of this quantitative correlational study is to examine the relationship between stakeholders’ perceptions of ease of use, usefulness, user trust, security concerns, social influence, and adoption of …


Staff Education And Implementation Of Phq-9 And Gad-7 In An Adult Psychiatric Private Practice, Exta Oppong Tweneboa Sep 2025

Staff Education And Implementation Of Phq-9 And Gad-7 In An Adult Psychiatric Private Practice, Exta Oppong Tweneboa

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The PHQ-9 and the GAD-7 are short screening instruments used for the detection of depression and anxiety symptoms in various settings, including general and mental health care settings (Pranckeviciene, et al., 2022). The purpose of this Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project was to educate staff on the implementation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) into an adult psychiatric private practice to standardize screening, improve diagnostic accuracy, and support measurement-based care for depression and anxiety. A structured staff education program was conducted with five nurse practitioners, one psychiatrist, two therapists, and two front-end administrative staff. …