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Schanuel's Lemma, The Snake Lemma, And Product And Direct Sum In $H_V$-Modules, Yaser Vaziri, Mansour Ghadiri Jan 2017

Schanuel's Lemma, The Snake Lemma, And Product And Direct Sum In $H_V$-Modules, Yaser Vaziri, Mansour Ghadiri

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper we find a generalization of the snake lemma and Schanuel's lemma in $H_v$-modules. We define the isomorph sequences and determine the conditions to split the exact sequences in $H_v$-modules. Some interesting results on these concepts are given.


The Ptolemaean Inequality In The Closure Of Complex Hyperbolic Planes, Ioannis D. Platis, Ni̇lgün Sönmez Jan 2017

The Ptolemaean Inequality In The Closure Of Complex Hyperbolic Planes, Ioannis D. Platis, Ni̇lgün Sönmez

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We prove the Ptolemaean inequality andPtolemaeus' theorem in the closure of complex hyperbolic planes endowed with theCygan metric.


Some Results On Uniform Statistical Cluster Points, Tuğba Yurdakadi̇m, Leila Miller-Van Wieren Jan 2017

Some Results On Uniform Statistical Cluster Points, Tuğba Yurdakadi̇m, Leila Miller-Van Wieren

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we present some results linking the uniform statistical limit superior and inferior, almost convergence and uniform statistical convergence of a sequence.We also study the relationship between the set of uniform statistical cluster points of a given sequence and its subsequences. The resultsconcerning uniform statistical convergence and uniform statistical cluster points presented here are also closelyrelated to earlier results regarding statistical convergence and statistical cluster points of a sequence.


New Inequalities Of Opial Type For Conformable Fractional Integrals, Mehmet Zeki̇ Sarikaya, Hüseyi̇n Budak Jan 2017

New Inequalities Of Opial Type For Conformable Fractional Integrals, Mehmet Zeki̇ Sarikaya, Hüseyi̇n Budak

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, some Opial-type inequalities for conformable fractionalintegrals are obtained using the remainder function of Taylor's theorem forconformable integrals.


Meromorphic Function And Its Difference Operator Share Two Sets With Weight K, Bingmao Deng, Dan Liu, Degui Yang Jan 2017

Meromorphic Function And Its Difference Operator Share Two Sets With Weight K, Bingmao Deng, Dan Liu, Degui Yang

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we utilize Nevanlinna value distribution theory to study the uniqueness problem that a meromorphic function and its difference operator share two sets with weight $k$. Our results extend the previous results.


The Role Of The Ideal Elements In Studying The Structure Of Some Ordered Semigroups, Niovi Kehayopulu Jan 2017

The Role Of The Ideal Elements In Studying The Structure Of Some Ordered Semigroups, Niovi Kehayopulu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

The aim of writing this paper is given in the title. We want to show that not only the ideals but also the ideal elements play an essential role in studying the structure of some ordered semigroups.We first prove that a $\vee e$-semigroup $S$ is a semilattice of left simple $\vee e$-semigroups if and only if it is decomposable into some pairwise disjoint left simple $\vee e$-subsemigroups of $S$ indexed by a semilattice $Y$. Then we give an example of a semilattice of left simple $\vee e$-semigroups that leads to a characterization of the semilattices of left simple and the …


Character Analogue Of The Boole Summation Formula With Applications, Mümün Can, Muhammet Ci̇hat Dağli Jan 2017

Character Analogue Of The Boole Summation Formula With Applications, Mümün Can, Muhammet Ci̇hat Dağli

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we present the character analogue of the Boole summationformula. Using this formula, an integral representation is derived for thealternating Dirichlet $L$-function and its derivative is evaluated at $s=0$.Some applications of the character analogue of the Boole summation formula andthe integral representation are given about the alternating Dirichlet $L$-function. Moreover, the reciprocity formulas for two new arithmetic sums,arising from the summation formulas, and for Hardy--Berndt sum $S_{p}(b,c:\chi)$ are proved.


Depth And Stanley Depth Of The Path Ideal Associated To An $N$-Cyclic Graph, Guangjun Zhu Jan 2017

Depth And Stanley Depth Of The Path Ideal Associated To An $N$-Cyclic Graph, Guangjun Zhu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We compute the depth and Stanley depth for the quotient ringof the path ideal of length $3$ associated to a $n$-cyclic graph, given some precise formulas for the depth when $n\not\equiv 1\,(\mbox{mod}\ 4)$, tight bounds when $n\equiv 1\,(\mbox{mod}\ 4)$,and for Stanley depth when $n\equiv 0,3\,(\mbox{mod}\ 4)$, tight bounds when $n\equiv 1,2\,(\mbox{mod}\ 4)$. We also give some formulas forthe depth and Stanley depth of a quotient of the path ideals of length $n-1$ and $n$.


A Note On Locally Graded Minimal Non-Metahamiltonian Groups, Sevgi̇ Atlihan Jan 2017

A Note On Locally Graded Minimal Non-Metahamiltonian Groups, Sevgi̇ Atlihan

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We prove that a nonperfect locally gradedminimal non-metahamiltonian group $G$ is a soluble group withderived length of at most 4. On the other hand, if $G$ is perfect,then $G/\Phi (G)$ is isomorphic to $A_{5}$, where $\Phi (G)$ isthe Frattini subgroup of $G$ and $A_{5}$ is the alternating group.Moreover, we show that under some conditions,if G is a $p$-group, then G is metabelian, where $p$ is a prime integer.


Some Properties Of Alternate Duals And Approximate Alternate Duals Of Fusion Frames, Ali Akbar Arefijamaal, Fahimeh Arabyani Neyshaburi Jan 2017

Some Properties Of Alternate Duals And Approximate Alternate Duals Of Fusion Frames, Ali Akbar Arefijamaal, Fahimeh Arabyani Neyshaburi

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper we extend the notion of approximate dual to fusion frames and present some approaches to obtain alternate dual and approximate alternate dual fusion frames. We also study the stability of alternate dual and approximate alternate dual fusion frames.


A New Approach To Uniqueness For Inverse Sturm-Liouville Problems On Finite Intervals, Seyfollah Mosazadeh Jan 2017

A New Approach To Uniqueness For Inverse Sturm-Liouville Problems On Finite Intervals, Seyfollah Mosazadeh

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, an approach for studying inverse Sturm--Liouville problems with integrable potentials on finite intervals is presented. We find the relations between Weyl solutions and $m_{j}$-functions of Sturm--Liouville problems, and by finding the connection between these and the solutions of second-order partial differential equations for transformation kernels associated with Sturm--Liouville operators, we prove the uniqueness of the solution of inverse problems.


A Characterization Of Nonprime Powers, Raul Duran Diaz, Luis Hernandez Encinas, Agustin Martin Muñoz, Jaime Muñoz Masque, Seok-Zun Song Jan 2017

A Characterization Of Nonprime Powers, Raul Duran Diaz, Luis Hernandez Encinas, Agustin Martin Muñoz, Jaime Muñoz Masque, Seok-Zun Song

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

A criterion is presented in order to decide whether agiven integer is a prime power or not. The criterion associatesto each positive integer $m$ a finite set of integers$\mathcal{S}(m)$, each of them $\le m $ and the propertiesof this set are studied. The notion of complementary pairsin $\mathcal{S}(m)$ is introduced and it is proved that if one isable to determine a complementary pair $n,n^\prime $, thena partial factorization of the odd integer $m$ can be obtainedin polynomial time. Some particular cases and examples of these resultsare given.


Stationary Distribution And Global Asymptotic Stability Of A Three-Species Stochastic Food-Chain System, Hong Qiu, Wenmin Deng Jan 2017

Stationary Distribution And Global Asymptotic Stability Of A Three-Species Stochastic Food-Chain System, Hong Qiu, Wenmin Deng

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

This paper intends to study some dynamical properties of a stochasticthree-dimensional Lotka--Volterra system. Under some mild assumptions, we first introduce a simple method to show thatthe model has a global and positive solution almost surely. Secondly,we prove that this model has a stationary distribution. Then we study the global asymptoticstability of the positive solution. Finally, some numerical simulations are introduced toillustrate the theoretical results.


Examples Of Self-Dual Codes Over Some Sub-Hopf Algebras Of The Steenrod Algebra, Tane Vergi̇li̇, İsmet Karaca Jan 2017

Examples Of Self-Dual Codes Over Some Sub-Hopf Algebras Of The Steenrod Algebra, Tane Vergi̇li̇, İsmet Karaca

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Codes over the finite sub-Hopf algebras $A(n)$ of the (mod 2) Steenrod algebra $\mathcal{A}$ were studied by Dougherty and Vergili. In this paper we study some Euclidean and Hermitian self-dual codes over $A(n)$ by considering Milnor basis elements.


The $T$-Successive Associated Stirling Numbers, $T$-Fibonacci--Stirling Numbers, And Unimodality, Hacene Belbachir, Assia-Fettouma Tebtoub Jan 2017

The $T$-Successive Associated Stirling Numbers, $T$-Fibonacci--Stirling Numbers, And Unimodality, Hacene Belbachir, Assia-Fettouma Tebtoub

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Using a combinatorial approach, we introduce the \textit{$t$-successive associated Stirling numbers} and we give the recurrence relation and the generating function. We also establish the unimodality of sequence $\genfrac{\{}{\}}{0pt}{}{n-2k}{k}_{k}$ lying over a ray of the second kind's Stirling triangle. Some combinatorial identities are given.


On Tetravalent Normal Edge-Transitive Cayley Graphs On The Modular Group, Hesam Sharifi, Mohammad Reza Darafsheh Jan 2017

On Tetravalent Normal Edge-Transitive Cayley Graphs On The Modular Group, Hesam Sharifi, Mohammad Reza Darafsheh

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

A Cayley graph $\Gamma=Cay(G, S)$ on a group $G$ with respective toa subset $S\subseteq G$, $S=S^{-1}, 1\notın S$, is said to be normaledge-transitive if $N_{\mathbb{A}ut(\Gamma)}(\rho(G))$ is transitiveon edges of $\Gamma$, where $\rho(G)$ is a subgroup of $\mathbb{A}ut(\Gamma)$isomorphic to $G$. We determine all connected tetravalent normaledge-transitive Cayley graphs on the modular group of order $8n$in the case that every element of $S$ is of order $4n$.


Tetravalent Normal Edge-Transitive Cayley Graphs On A Certain Group Of Order $6n$, Mohammad Reza Darafsheh, Maysam Yaghoobian Jan 2017

Tetravalent Normal Edge-Transitive Cayley Graphs On A Certain Group Of Order $6n$, Mohammad Reza Darafsheh, Maysam Yaghoobian

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let $U_{6n}= \langle a,b a^{2n}=b^{3}=1,a^{-1}ba=b^{-1}\rangle $ be a groupof order 6n. In this paper tetravalent normal edge-transitive Cayleygraphs on $U_{6n}$ are considered. In this way several nonequivalent normaledge-transitive Cayley graphs on $U_{6n}$ are obtained whose automorphismgroups are given exactly.


Sufficient Conditions For The Compactifiability Of A Closed One-Form Foliation, Irina Gelbukh Jan 2017

Sufficient Conditions For The Compactifiability Of A Closed One-Form Foliation, Irina Gelbukh

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We study the foliation defined by a closed $1$-form on a connected smooth closed orientable manifold.We call such a foliation compactifiable if all its leaves are closed in the complement of the singular set.In this paper, we give sufficient conditions for compactifiability of the foliation in homological terms.We also show that under these conditions, the foliation can be defined by closed $1$-forms with the ranks of their groups of periods in a certain range.In addition, we describe the structure of the group generated by the homology classes of all compact leaves of the foliation.


Optimality Conditions Via Weak Subdifferentials In Reflexive Banach Spaces, Sara Hassani, Musa Mammadov, Mina Jamshidi Jan 2017

Optimality Conditions Via Weak Subdifferentials In Reflexive Banach Spaces, Sara Hassani, Musa Mammadov, Mina Jamshidi

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper the relation between the weak subdifferentials and the directional derivatives, as well as optimality conditions for nonconvex optimization problems in reflexive Banach spaces, are investigated. It partly generalizes several related results obtained for finite dimensional spaces.


Some Fixed Point Theorems For Single Valued Strongly Contractive Mappings In Partially Ordered Ultrametric And Non-Archimedean Normed Spaces, Hamid Mamghaderi, Hashem Parvaneh Masiha, Meraj Hosseini Jan 2017

Some Fixed Point Theorems For Single Valued Strongly Contractive Mappings In Partially Ordered Ultrametric And Non-Archimedean Normed Spaces, Hamid Mamghaderi, Hashem Parvaneh Masiha, Meraj Hosseini

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let $ (X,d,\preceq) $ be a partially ordered ultrametric space and $ f:X\to X $ a single valued mapping. We obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of a fixed point for the strongly contractive mapping $ f $. We also investigate the existence of a fixed point for strongly contractive mappings defined on partially ordered non-Archimedean normed spaces under the same conditions. Finally, we give some examples to discuss the assumptions of the theorems.


More Characterizations Of Dedekind Domains And V-Rings, Thuat Van Do, Hai Dinh Hoang, Samruam Baupradist Jan 2017

More Characterizations Of Dedekind Domains And V-Rings, Thuat Van Do, Hai Dinh Hoang, Samruam Baupradist

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, cyclic $c-$injective modules are introduced and investigated. It is shown that a commutative Noetherian domain is Dedekind if and only if every simple module is cyclic $c-$injective. Finally, it is shown that injectivity, principal injectivity, mininjectivity, and simple injectivity are all equal to characterize right V-rings, right GV-rings, right pV-rings, and WV-rings.


Maximal Subsemigroups And Finiteness Conditions On Transformation Semigroups With Fixed Sets, Yanisa Chaiya, Preeyanuch Honyam, Jintana Sanwong Jan 2017

Maximal Subsemigroups And Finiteness Conditions On Transformation Semigroups With Fixed Sets, Yanisa Chaiya, Preeyanuch Honyam, Jintana Sanwong

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let $Y$ be a fixed subset of a nonempty set $X$ and let $Fix(X,Y)$ be the set of all self maps on $X$ which fix all elements in $Y$. Then under the composition of maps, $Fix(X,Y)$ is a regular monoid. In this paper, we prove that there are only three types of maximal subsemigroups of $Fix\left(X,Y\right)$ and these maximal subsemigroups coincide with the maximal regular subsemigroups when $X\setminus Y$ is a finite set with $ X\setminus Y \geq 2$. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions for $Fix(X,Y)$ to be factorizable, unit-regular, and directly finite.


Dynamic Shum Inequalities, Ravi Agarwal, Martin Bohner, Donal O'Regan, Samir Saker Jan 2017

Dynamic Shum Inequalities, Ravi Agarwal, Martin Bohner, Donal O'Regan, Samir Saker

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Recently, various forms and improvements of Opial dynamic inequalities have been given in the literature. In this paper, we give refinements of Opial inequalities on time scales that reduce in the continuous case to classical inequalities named after Beesack and Shum. These refinements are new in the important discrete case.


Correcting A Paper On The Randic And Geometric-Arithmetic Indices, Toufik Mansour, Mohammad Ali Rostami, Suresh Elumalai, Britto Antony Xavier Jan 2017

Correcting A Paper On The Randic And Geometric-Arithmetic Indices, Toufik Mansour, Mohammad Ali Rostami, Suresh Elumalai, Britto Antony Xavier

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

The Randic index $(R)$ and the geometric--arithmetic index $(GA)$ are found to be useful tools in QSPR and QSAR studies. In the Journal of Inequalities and Applications 180, 1-7, Lokesha, Shwetha Shetty, Ranjini, Cangul, and Cevik gave "New bounds for Randic and GA indices." In the paper, we first point out that Theorems 1, 2, and 4 are incorrect and in this short note we present the correct inequalities for Randic and GA indices. In the same paper, we provide the equality cases for Theorems 3, 5, and 6.


Extensions Of Quasipolar Rings, Orhan Gürgün Jan 2017

Extensions Of Quasipolar Rings, Orhan Gürgün

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

An associative ring with identity is called quasipolar provided that for each $a\in R$ there exists an idempotent $p\in R$ such that $p\in comm^2(a)$, $a+p\in U(R)$ and $ap\in R^{qnil}$. In this article, we introduce the notion of quasipolar general rings (with or without identity). Some properties of quasipolar general rings are investigated. We prove that a general ring $I$ is quasipolar if and only if every element $a\in I$ can be written in the form $a=s+q$ where $s$ is strongly regular, $s\in comm^2(a)$, $q$ is quasinilpotent, and $sq=qs=0$. It is shown that every ideal of a quasipolar general ring is …


Sampling Theorem By Green's Function In A Space Ofvector-Functions, Hassan Atef Hassan Jan 2017

Sampling Theorem By Green's Function In A Space Ofvector-Functions, Hassan Atef Hassan

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper we give a sampling expansion for integral transforms whose kernels arise from Green's function of differential operators in a space of vector-functions. The differential operators are in a space of dimension $m$ and consist of systems of $m$ equations in $m$ unknowns. We assume the simplicity of the eigenvalues.


On A Family Of Saturated Numerical Semigroups With Multiplicity Four, Meral Süer, Sedat İlhan Jan 2017

On A Family Of Saturated Numerical Semigroups With Multiplicity Four, Meral Süer, Sedat İlhan

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this study, we will give some results on Arf numerical semigroups of multiplicity four generated by $\left\{ 4,k,k+1,k+2\right\} $ where $k$ is an integer not less than $5$ and $k\equiv 1(\mbox{mod } 4)$.


New Statistical Randomness Tests: 4-Bit Template Matching Tests, Fati̇h Sulak Jan 2017

New Statistical Randomness Tests: 4-Bit Template Matching Tests, Fati̇h Sulak

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

For cryptographic algorithms, secret keys should be generated randomly as the security of the system depends on the key and therefore generation of random sequences is vital. Randomness testing is done by means of statistical randomness tests. In this work, we show that the probabilities for the overlapping template matching test in the NIST test suite are only valid for a specific template and need to be recalculated for the other templates. We calculate the exact distribution for all 4-bit templates and propose new randomness tests, namely template matching tests. The new tests can be applied to any sequence of …


$\Mathcal{W}$-Gorenstein Objects In Triangulated Categories, Chaoling Huang, Kaituo Liu Jan 2017

$\Mathcal{W}$-Gorenstein Objects In Triangulated Categories, Chaoling Huang, Kaituo Liu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We fix a proper class of triangles $\xi$ in a triangulated category $\mathcal{C}$. Let $\mathcal{W}$ be a class of objects in $\mathcal{C}$ such that $\xi xt^i_\xi(W,\ W')=0$ for all $W, W'\in\mathcal{W}$ and all $i\geq 1$. In this paper, we introduce the notion of $\mathcal{W}$-Gorenstein objects and $\mathcal{G}(\mathcal{W})$-(co)resolution dimensions of any object in $\mathcal{C}$ and study the properties of $\mathcal{W}$-Gorenstein objects and characterize the finite $\mathcal{G}(\mathcal{W})$-(co)resolution dimensions of any object. Some applications are given.


Near Optimal Step Size And Momentum In Gradient Descent For Quadratic Functions, Engi̇n Taş, Memmedağa Memmedli̇ Jan 2017

Near Optimal Step Size And Momentum In Gradient Descent For Quadratic Functions, Engi̇n Taş, Memmedağa Memmedli̇

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Many problems in statistical estimation, classification, and regression can be cast as optimization problems. Gradient descent, which is one of the simplest and easy to implement multivariate optimization techniques, lies at the heart of many powerful classes of optimization methods. However, its major disadvantage is the slower rate of convergence with respect to the other more sophisticated algorithms. In order to improve the convergence speed of gradient descent, we simultaneously determine near-optimal scalar step size and momentum factor for gradient descent in a deterministic quadratic bowl from the largest and smallest eigenvalues of the Hessian. The resulting algorithm is demonstrated …