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Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

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Working Towards A Cartographic Lexicon: The Role Of Units, Structure, Content, And Expression In Geographic Information, Michael Charles Fabbri Jan 2000

Working Towards A Cartographic Lexicon: The Role Of Units, Structure, Content, And Expression In Geographic Information, Michael Charles Fabbri

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This thesis was conceived from an interdisciplinary perspective towards the advancement of cartographic research and geographic education. The primary focus is to understand the cognitive process of cartographic communication as an approach both to improvements in design and to teaching and learning of the cartographic language. Specifically, it attempts to understand more about how the map functions. It accepts that the map is a functional graphic display, whose main purpose is to represent, communicate, and store geographical information, which allows a focus on what that geographical information is conceptually. The essential goal of map use is geographic comprehension, and if …

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Examination Of The Role Of Macropores And Subsurface Drainage In The Delivery Of Nitrogen Trioxide-Nitrogen To A Small First-Order Agricultural Stream In Southern Ontario, Abraham House Jan 2000

Examination Of The Role Of Macropores And Subsurface Drainage In The Delivery Of Nitrogen Trioxide-Nitrogen To A Small First-Order Agricultural Stream In Southern Ontario, Abraham House

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Agricultural practices may result in nitrate losses, diminished surface water quality and widespread groundwater aquifer contamination. Many works have identified preferential flow through macropores as an important feature that may increase nitrate losses. Subsurface drainage collectors may intercept preferential flow and indicate changing unsaturated/saturated processes. Antecedent conditions are important in determining runoff response. It is unclear how tile drains modify the antecedent soil moisture regime and water tables in near stream areas. Vegetated riparian buffer zones found beetween agricultural fields and watercourses may attenuate nitrate in shallow groundwater pathways. However, little work recognizes the close proximity of buffer strips and …

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Identifying Areas Of Concern For Regional Cumulative Effects Assessments In And Around Northern National Parks In Canada (Yukon), Jennifer L. Lenton Jan 2000

Identifying Areas Of Concern For Regional Cumulative Effects Assessments In And Around Northern National Parks In Canada (Yukon), Jennifer L. Lenton

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This thesis uses a literature review of protected areas selection, park management, comprehensive regional land use planning, and cumulative environmental effects and assessment to develop a methodology that identifies areas with concentrations of social and/or ecological values in and around northern national parks. The proposed methodology involves two stages. First, a database of values is developed by taking an inventory of social and ecological values through exxtensive literature reviews, interviews, and consultation with the public. This database is then used in the second step to determine areas with concentrations of social and/or ecological values, or “value hotspots”, using a series …

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The Historical Geography Of The Distilling Industry In Ontario: 1850-1900, Tanya Lynn Mackinnon Jan 2000

The Historical Geography Of The Distilling Industry In Ontario: 1850-1900, Tanya Lynn Mackinnon

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

A significant change occurred in the spatial pattern of Ontario’s distilling industry during the second half of the nineteenth century. Around 1850 there were approximately 150 distilleries and, by 1871, there were only 19. The industry went from numerous small, local distilleries to a few large industrial enterprizes. This industry was one of the manufacturing industries to lead the way during Canada’s industrial revolution. By 1871, the beginnings of whisky region was created for Canada in Southern Ontario, based on the “Big Five”: Hiram Walker & Sons Ltd. located in Walkerville near Windsor; Joseph E. Seagram in Waterloo; Gooderham & …

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Assessing The Role Of Geographical Information Systems (Gis) In The Classroom, Christopher D. Storie Jan 2000

Assessing The Role Of Geographical Information Systems (Gis) In The Classroom, Christopher D. Storie

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Only within the past few years has the diffusion of geographical information systems (GIS) technologies made their way down the educational ladder. Until recently GIS was largely restricted to the confines of upper year university and college programs in Canada. Over time, the instruction of GIS has made its way towards first and second year post secondary students. Recently, GIS has been gaining popularity within the High School curriculum and continues to filter its way down the educational hierarchy. This thesis covers two major areas pertaining to GIS in education. The first area deals with the literature pertaining to GIS, …

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Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Fluvial Suspended Sediment Yield From Eastern North America, Catherine Treena Conrad Jan 2000

Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Fluvial Suspended Sediment Yield From Eastern North America, Catherine Treena Conrad

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

A knowledge of spatial and temporal patterns of sediment yields and an understanding of the factors that determine those patterns have theoretical, environmental and socio-economic significance. To assess the change in sediment yields (in both space and time) a data base of 193 river gauging sites spanning the eastern provinces of Canada and eastern United States was compiled. The original source of the data was the United States Geological Survey data base (obtained from a Hydrosphere Data Inc. cd-rom) and Environment Canada (HYDAT) data base, which included stream discharge, sediment loads and basin areas, with record lengths of one year …

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Adaptation Of Ghanaian Immigrants In Metropolitan Toronto: A Focus On The Spatial Aspects Of Their Labour Market Activity (Ontario), Edmund Nkansah Okoree Jan 2000

Adaptation Of Ghanaian Immigrants In Metropolitan Toronto: A Focus On The Spatial Aspects Of Their Labour Market Activity (Ontario), Edmund Nkansah Okoree

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The major thrust or aim of this study, which focuses on the Ghanaian immigrant population living in Metropolitan Toronto (which has the largest proportion of Ghanaians in Canada), was to find out whether respondents living in the main area of Ghanaian concentration in Metropolitan Toronto have different socio-economic characteristics from those living away from the main Ghanaian concentration, as is suggested by the general urban ethnic literature. It had three specific research objectives. First, the study sought to ascertain the relationship between the residential location patterns of Ghanaian immigrants in Metropolitan Toronto and their socio-economic characteristics, as defined by their …

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Vulnerability To Natural Disasters In A Rapidly Growing, Affluent Society, British Columbia, Canada, Jonathan P. Maclean Belcher Jan 1999

Vulnerability To Natural Disasters In A Rapidly Growing, Affluent Society, British Columbia, Canada, Jonathan P. Maclean Belcher

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

British Columbia is a province that experienced rapid demographic, urban and economic growth in the past few decades. It is a modern and technologically sophisticated society. Although the province possesses the knowledge and resources to combat most dangers that threaten its people and communities, these dangers continue to outstrip the precautions and safety measures in place. The reasons for this seem to lie less in the characteristics of dangers or hazards, but rather relate to socioeconomic processes and organisations that disadvantage particular people, groups and sectors of the population, or make them more vulnerable to dangers than others. This thesis …

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Nitrate Attenuation In A Narrow Non-Forested Riparian Buffer Zone In An Agricultural Watershed In Southern Ontario, Mark David Harris Jan 1999

Nitrate Attenuation In A Narrow Non-Forested Riparian Buffer Zone In An Agricultural Watershed In Southern Ontario, Mark David Harris

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Riparian buffer zones are defined as strips of natural vegetation separating streams or lakes from surrounding upland landscapes. These zones may effectively reduce the nitrate-N load in shallow ground water draining intensively fertilized agricultural regions. Contemporary research has tended to focus on wide, forested riparian zones situated on poorly drained lowland sites. In addition, research has typically focused on the growing season, when the ecosystem is biologically active, with relatively day hydrological conditions. This field study monitored spatial and temporal patterns of nitrate-N in a comparatively narrow, non-forested buffer zone situated in an upland agricultural watershed in southern Ontario. Results …

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A Winter Index For Benchmarking Winter Road Maintenance Operations On Ontario Highways, Jianzhong Li Jan 1999

A Winter Index For Benchmarking Winter Road Maintenance Operations On Ontario Highways, Jianzhong Li

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Canada is one of the snowiest countries in the world, and winter road maintenance activities cost in the order of a billion dollars a year. These activities vary considerably over both space and time, partly due to differences in winter weather, but also because of differences in road and traffic mix, terrain and other factors. The thesis explores the association between winter road maintenance activities and winter weather. The first objective is to characterize the spatial and temporal variation in severe winter weather in Ontario. The second objective is to identify a winter weather index that is sensitive to road …

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Rural Images, Tourism And Sustainability: Perceptions Of Rural Accommodation Operators And Their Visitors In Waterloo-Wellington Region, Ontario, Kelley Anne Mcclinchey Jan 1999

Rural Images, Tourism And Sustainability: Perceptions Of Rural Accommodation Operators And Their Visitors In Waterloo-Wellington Region, Ontario, Kelley Anne Mcclinchey

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The purpose of this study was to investigate rural images and perceptions of rural accommodation operators and their visitors, and to explore the contribution of tourism to sustainability in the Waterloo-Wellington region. The objectives were; to investigate and compare images, as perceived by rural hosts and visitors, and as projected through accommodation brochures; to compare perceived and projected images with ideal rural images; and to explore the role of rural tourism in sustaining rural cultures and contributing to sustainable rural development. Images and perceptions of rural accommodation operators were obtained via personal interviews and visitors’ perceptions were gathered through the …

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Institutional Arrangements For Cooperative Fisheries Management: A Case Study Of The Newfoundland And Labrador Northern Shrimp Fishery, Bram F. Noble Jan 1999

Institutional Arrangements For Cooperative Fisheries Management: A Case Study Of The Newfoundland And Labrador Northern Shrimp Fishery, Bram F. Noble

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The intent of this study is to examine the present institutional arrangements of the Newfoundland and Labrador Northern shrimp fishery, to identify the roles of cooperative fisheries economic development corporations and make recommendations for institutional improvements. There are a number of institutional and organizational arrangements more favorable for fisheries management and development than present ones (Bishop, 1981; Bromley, 1982; McCay and Acheson, 1987; Pinkerton, 1989). Jentoft and McCay (1995) identified the need for this type of research in fisheries management in order to understand the complexity of relationships in fisheries management and to develop more effective means of fisheries management …

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Issues Surrounding The Valuation Of A Park: Applying Commission For National Parks And Protected Area Guidelines To Awenda Provincial Park, Ontario, Tatania E. Stroud Jan 1999

Issues Surrounding The Valuation Of A Park: Applying Commission For National Parks And Protected Area Guidelines To Awenda Provincial Park, Ontario, Tatania E. Stroud

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The goals of this project are to apply and assess the applicability of the World Conservation Union (1 UCN) Commission for National Parks and Protected Area Guidelines for Economic Assessment of Protected Areas to Awenda Provincial Park, and to compare the results with existing studies on valuing protected areas. This project explores the value of tourism and recreation at Awenda Provincial Park, and the expression of the value of natural areas in economic terms through the application of the CNPPA Guidelines. This project is an initial inquiry into the applicability of the CNPPA guidelines, and is based on data from …

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Increased Solar Ultra Violet Radiation And Possible Links To Health Effects In Nunavut, Shaun Greig Carson Jan 1999

Increased Solar Ultra Violet Radiation And Possible Links To Health Effects In Nunavut, Shaun Greig Carson

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Ultra violet radiation (UVR) is believed to be linked to many health problems, and numerous studies have been conducted on Caucasian populations at all latitudes. Nunavut, in the Canadian Arctic, comprises approximately one fifth of Canada's land mass and has a scattered population, the majority of which (over 70%) is Inuit. Nunavut also possesses a unique physical geography, as well as culture, which may result in its population being at great risk from UVR Very little research has been conducted in Nunavut on the affects of increased solar UVR and possible links to health. This thesis has compiled baseline data …

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Regional Ecology Of The St. Elias Mountain Parks: A Synthesis With Management Implications (British Columbia, Yukon, Alaska), Ryan Kenneth Danby Jan 1999

Regional Ecology Of The St. Elias Mountain Parks: A Synthesis With Management Implications (British Columbia, Yukon, Alaska), Ryan Kenneth Danby

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The St. Elias region of North America occupies portions of British Columbia, Alaska, and the Yukon Territory and comprises a network of public lands and protected areas managed by a variety of agencies. This thesis characterizes and analyzes the broad- scale, or regional, ecology of these lands and provides an assessment of the implications this has for ecosystem-based management—particularly as it relates to intergovernmental cooperation. A multi-stage, map-based, multidisciplinary process is used to synthesize information on the region’s physical, biological, and institutional environments. The fields of conservation biology and landscape ecology provide theoretical foundations for analysis. The ecological synthesis and …

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Improving Map Literacy: The Application Of Second Language Instruction Views And Techniques, Heather Anne Rayner Jan 1999

Improving Map Literacy: The Application Of Second Language Instruction Views And Techniques, Heather Anne Rayner

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Maps are a common and useful tool, yet many people do not know how to use them effectively. Map education has typically been inadequate for teaching people the skills involved in map use and map reading. Map education in schools, where people typically learn their mapping skills, can be improved. This thesis looks at specific ways to improve map education. Based upon previous research, it looks at cartography from a language perspective to determine whether findings from the language research can be applied to cartography, and more specifically to map education. Maps serve to communicate information, and have been compared …

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Natural Disturbance And Land Cover Patterns In A Mountainous, Sub-Arctic Environment (Yukon), A. Bruce Wurtele Jan 1999

Natural Disturbance And Land Cover Patterns In A Mountainous, Sub-Arctic Environment (Yukon), A. Bruce Wurtele

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The dynamics of landscape pattern and disturbance were studied in the ‘green belt’ area of Kluane National Park, Yukon. White spruce montane forests and various sub-alpine and alpine vegetation communities dominate the study area, adjoining the Kluane Ranges of the St. Elias Mountains. Combining theory on landscape structure and function, the relationships of disturbance regimes and landscape pattern are examined. The landscape mosaic was mapped from classification of multispectral Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery. Landscape pattern was measured using quantitative indices of patch, class, and landscape attributes. Natural disturbance regimes, important to land cover development in the region, include fire, insect …

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Political Participation In Kitchener-Waterloo: A Spatial Analysis Of The 1993 Federal Election (Ontario), Paul Churcher Jan 1999

Political Participation In Kitchener-Waterloo: A Spatial Analysis Of The 1993 Federal Election (Ontario), Paul Churcher

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This study examines political participation in the 1993 federal election in Kitchener- Waterloo. Voter turnout is modeled at the polling division level using statistical analysis with spatial diagnostics. This study is different from other Canadian research since it uses a fine scale spatial unit and it explores the geographical aspect of political participation. The findings confirm results from other studies as well as showing that geography plays a small but significant role in the decision to vote. The results of the statistical analysis show that polling divisions are appropriate spatial units for the examination of political participation. Demographics, political motivation, …

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Assessment Of Capacity For Water Resource Management: A Case Study Of A Small Watershed In Nepal, Bhanu Raja Neupane Jan 1999

Assessment Of Capacity For Water Resource Management: A Case Study Of A Small Watershed In Nepal, Bhanu Raja Neupane

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Use of local knowledge, increased public participation, and capacity building – singly or in combination – are identified as major strategies to enhance sustainable and integrated management of water. Recently, capacity assessment has been recognized as one of the most effective means to operationalize these strategies in the context of water resource management However, the contemporary literature shows local-level capacity assessment as one of the least explored areas. The literature shows that capacity assessment still lacks conceptual clarity and an implementable framework. Efforts are being made in this direction, but very few focus below the national level. Many such efforts …

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An Inquiry Into Changing Industrial Labour Force Patterns: Developed And Developing Countries, Kimberley Birjis Naqvi Jan 1999

An Inquiry Into Changing Industrial Labour Force Patterns: Developed And Developing Countries, Kimberley Birjis Naqvi

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Structural transformation patterns are examined to search for a systematic breakdown in the historical relationship between rising GDP and rising industrial labour force shares. Some older industrialised countries have considered focusing on knowledge and skill intensive activity as a new 'engine of growth' in response to industrial employment decline, and stagnating incomes. Such new economic activity anticipates trade with industrialising countries, whose incomes would rise with industrialisation. This relationship is dependent on the persistence of labour-intensive specialisation in industrialising countries. Three trends might prevent prolonged specialisation: increased international competitiveness, rising capital-intensity in production, and international economic specialisation. Each of these …

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Where Are The Urban Elderly? Clustered And Concentrated In Aged Spaces: Three Examples Kitchener-Waterloo, Halifax And Victoria (Ontario, Nova Scotia, British Columbia), Susan Lucas Jan 1999

Where Are The Urban Elderly? Clustered And Concentrated In Aged Spaces: Three Examples Kitchener-Waterloo, Halifax And Victoria (Ontario, Nova Scotia, British Columbia), Susan Lucas

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This research uses enumeration area data from the 1991 census and a methodology consisting of principal components analysis (PCA), cluster and discriminant analysis to define 'aged spaces', highly localized concentrations of the elderly, in Kitchener-Waterloo, Halifax and Victoria.. The results show that: (1) it is possible to define aged spaces on the basis of the old-age family status dimensions identified by the PCA for each individual city, as well as a joint analysis of all three cities; (2) the old-age dimensions derived by the PCA are differentiated by marital status, advanced age and gender and (3) aged spaces defined on …

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Spatial And Structural Determinants Of Residential Burglary Rates In Kitchener-Waterloo (Ontario), Martin Christopher Anstey Jan 1998

Spatial And Structural Determinants Of Residential Burglary Rates In Kitchener-Waterloo (Ontario), Martin Christopher Anstey

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Traditional ecological analyses of burglary have a number of shortcomings. First, break-ins occurring within a neighbourhood have been regarded as a solely the product of local residents. Second, the relationship between burglary and its determinants has been considered constant across space. Third, the data used in ecological analysis has been treated as statistically independent. The purpose of this study is to expand upon previous ecological studies through an analysis of residential burglary in Kitchener-Waterloo, Canada Theory from environmental criminology (a discipline concerned with the spatial aspects of crime) is used in conjunction with spatial data analysis techniques and GIS technology …

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An Approach To Defining Greater Park Ecosystems And Its Application To Gros Morne National Park (Newfoundland), Karl Keough Jan 1998

An Approach To Defining Greater Park Ecosystems And Its Application To Gros Morne National Park (Newfoundland), Karl Keough

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Ecosystem management is an integrative, cooperative, adaptive approach to resource management that has evolved in response to the growing number of environmental and resource problems over the past several decades. One such problem, the threat to the world’s biodiversity, may be attributed to the destruction, degradation, and fragmentation of habitat resulting from the expanding human population, and the inability to set aside in strict nature reserves, sufficient habitat for wide-ranging mammals and fully functioning ecosystems. The Greater Park Ecosystem concept may be seen as the embodiment of ecosystem management in national parks and a response to the threat to biodiversity. …

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Stakeholder Attitudes As A Resistance Toward Long-Range Management Of A Threatened Landscape: A Case Study Of Aggregate Use In The Township Of North Dumfries (Ontario), Kim Margaret Horrigan Jan 1998

Stakeholder Attitudes As A Resistance Toward Long-Range Management Of A Threatened Landscape: A Case Study Of Aggregate Use In The Township Of North Dumfries (Ontario), Kim Margaret Horrigan

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The Township of North Dumfries is located in the rapidly expanding Municipality of Waterloo. This Township is in close proximity to Kitchener, Waterloo, Cambridge, Guelph, Hamilton, and is halfway between London and Toronto, with the primary east-west Highway 401 running through the Township. It is an unique area in that it is characterized by an abundance of prime agricultural lands, Environmentally Sensitive Policy Areas, and wetlands. In addition, the Township is underlain with a large quantity of good quality glacially derived aggregate materials. Land use conflicts have increased as a result of aggregate developers’ pressures on the resources of this …

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Protection Of Wetlands In The Grand River Watershed From Non-Point Source Pollution (Ontario), Marsha Lynn Paley Jan 1998

Protection Of Wetlands In The Grand River Watershed From Non-Point Source Pollution (Ontario), Marsha Lynn Paley

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The purpose of this study is to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the municipal official plans to protect provincially evaluated wetlands from activities causing non-point source pollution within the Grand River watershed. An integrated framework for policy analysis involving both an evaluative and normative approach assists in determining the value of wetland protection policies and recommends future actions to guide decision-making on development adjacent to wetlands. Specifically, the objectives include (a) to locate, identify and measure the total wetland area, class and number of wetlands in the Grand River watershed on an upper- and lower-tier municipal basis; (b) to …

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An Evaluation Of Ambulance Service Performance Using A Geographic Information System, Jeremy Peters Jan 1998

An Evaluation Of Ambulance Service Performance Using A Geographic Information System, Jeremy Peters

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The accessibility, distribution and utilization of emergency health care services have a great impact on the effectiveness, efficiency and equity of health service delivery. The impact of these factors is heightened by the fact that ambulance resources, which are an important component of emergency health care, are often insufficient, resulting in performances below those required to respond reliably to emergency calls from demand areas. Measures of realized geographic accessibility of ambulances to call locations are of considerable importance in planning the deployment of this service as they allow planners to account for response time variations, often caused when ambulances are …

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Structural Constraints To Development And Land Use In Rural Jamaica: The Case Of Long Road, St. Mary, Anthony John Weis Jan 1998

Structural Constraints To Development And Land Use In Rural Jamaica: The Case Of Long Road, St. Mary, Anthony John Weis

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Jamaica is currently experiencing the highest rate of deforestation in the world, with severe environmental consequences attendant to the loss of its ecologically significant forests. It also possesses extreme rural poverty and the intense need for development. In Jamaica, as throughout much of the tropics, peasant farmers are blamed as the primary agents of forest colonization. The purpose of this thesis, therefore, is to elucidate how the development and land use decisions of peasant farmers at a study site are constrained by external forces. The goal is to assess how progress towards environment and development (or ‘sustainability’) goals in rural …

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Fisheries Co-Management And The Tahltan First Nation: From The Aboriginal Fisheries Strategy To A Treaty Regime (British Columbia), Kristen Lynn Smith Jan 1998

Fisheries Co-Management And The Tahltan First Nation: From The Aboriginal Fisheries Strategy To A Treaty Regime (British Columbia), Kristen Lynn Smith

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

For several years now, the Canadian Federal government’s Aboriginal Fisheries Strategy has provided a means for substantial co-management of fisheries resources by First Nations. Unfortunately, there is a widespread lack of understanding of the Aboriginal Fisheries Strategy (AFS) by all interested parties. This study examines the AF S agreement of the Tahltan First Nation of Northwestern British Columbia and other fisheries co-management agreements in place in B.C. It does so by comparing them with the provisions and process of development of comprehensive claim based co- management agreements elsewhere in Canada. It also offers an assessment of aboriginal fisheries co-management arrangements …

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Issues In Representing Ethnic Residential Segregation, Wanda Teresa Gayle Smith Jan 1998

Issues In Representing Ethnic Residential Segregation, Wanda Teresa Gayle Smith

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This study will look at some of the issues involved in representing ethnic residential segregation. Segregation studies rely heavily upon indices and maps. However, both of these are sensitive to the spatial boundaries used. As well, maps have a visual element which affects the nature and degree of representation. Toronto has been chosen as the area of study because of its high degree of ethnic diversity. Five indices that describe the five dimensions of segregation (Massey and Denton, 1988) will be calculated at four standard levels of aggregation. As well, several types of maps will be produced to illustrate the …

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The Educational Impacts Of The Boyne River Natural Science School: Twenty-Five Years Later (Ontario), Roy George Cumming Jan 1998

The Educational Impacts Of The Boyne River Natural Science School: Twenty-Five Years Later (Ontario), Roy George Cumming

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This paper examines how one or more visits to the Boyne River Natural Science School operated by the Toronto Board of Education affects students’ environmental attitudes and behaviours. It also looks at what effect these visits had on their perceptions about the environment and whether the program was important in their personal and educational development. The study surveys students who attended the Boyne River Natural Science School between 1973 and 1986. Effects were measured by means of a short questionnaire. From this time period 125 students filled out the questionnaire, with the gender breakdown being 65 females and 60 males. …

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