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Articles 5131 - 5160 of 74096
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Effects Of An Auditory Versus Visual Stimulus On Reaction And Response Time During Countermovement And Squat Jumps, Russell K. Lowell
Effects Of An Auditory Versus Visual Stimulus On Reaction And Response Time During Countermovement And Squat Jumps, Russell K. Lowell
Theses and Dissertations
This investigation examined the differences in REACT, RT, and jumping performance for the countermovement jump (CMJ) versus squat jump (SJ) when beginning the movement by responding to auditory (AUD) versus visual (VIS) stimuli. The secondary purposes of this investigation are to examine gender and physical activity level differences of the aforementioned metrics and the relationship between maximal strength, REACT, and RT. Twenty-eight participants (females = 16 and males = 12) were split into three groups (low = 6, moderate = 10, and high = 12) based on their perceived physical activity levels in accordance with ACSM physical activity requirements. Over …
Design For Pullout Resistance And Global Stability Of Metallic Reinforcements In Mse Walls With Lightweight Cellular Concrete Backfill, Joshua Curt Peterson
Design For Pullout Resistance And Global Stability Of Metallic Reinforcements In Mse Walls With Lightweight Cellular Concrete Backfill, Joshua Curt Peterson
Theses and Dissertations
Lightweight cellular concrete (LCC) is a type of concrete that has reduced density and weight compared to traditional concrete. This is achieved by incorporating a large amount of air- filled cells or voids into the mixture. The resulting material is lighter, yet still possesses considerable strength and durability, making it suitable for a range of construction applications, especially in the case of retaining walls because of its reduced weight. Unlike traditional concrete, which can be extremely heavy and place significant stress on the supporting structure, lightweight cellular concrete reduces the pressure on the retaining wall, helping to prevent deformation and …
Estimation Of Cyanobacterial Concentrations From Uncrewed Aircraft Systems Imagery Over The Western Mississippi Sound, Gulf Of Mexico, John Preston Liles
Estimation Of Cyanobacterial Concentrations From Uncrewed Aircraft Systems Imagery Over The Western Mississippi Sound, Gulf Of Mexico, John Preston Liles
Theses and Dissertations
The Western Mississippi Sound (WMS) is home to the largest natural oyster reef in the Gulf of Mexico and contributes substantially to Mississippi's economy. In 2019, the WMS experienced an unprecedented cyanobacterial bloom that killed fish and birds and led to shut down of beaches and oyster fishery. This thesis aims to quantify cyanobacteria from uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) imagery and investigate the relative influence of river discharge into the WMS on cyanobacterial concentrations. Several field campaigns were undertaken to collect field data and UAS imagery from WMS. A remote sensing algorithm was developed to quantify the unique cyanobacterial pigment …
How Belief In God Impacts Marital Conflict And Resolution For Women Of Faith, Elizabeth Kay Madsen
How Belief In God Impacts Marital Conflict And Resolution For Women Of Faith, Elizabeth Kay Madsen
Theses and Dissertations
Frequent conflict is a significant relationship risk factor for divorce, but it has also been shown that religion strengthens marriages, specifically in ways that give direction and motivation for couples in resolving marital conflict or other marital hardships. Thus, a study of how successful religious couples resolve conflict is pertinent in helping us better understand how to strengthen marriages and families. Our qualitative study of 113 highly religious women of diverse faiths and races found that women's perceived relationship or connection with God reportedly impacted conflict resolution and coping with marital hardship. Results suggest greater reconciliation and unity with the …
Nest Box Use By Common Goldeneye (Bucephala Clangula) In The Chena River System, Interior Alaska, Riley D. Porter
Nest Box Use By Common Goldeneye (Bucephala Clangula) In The Chena River System, Interior Alaska, Riley D. Porter
Theses and Dissertations
Various environmental and demographic factors can influence nest site selection in cavity-nesting birds. Nest site choices may involve females’ familiarity with local habitats or resources, or information gained about the quality of a potential nest site. Common Goldeneyes (Bucephela clangula) are philopatric, yet some proportions of available nest boxes commonly remain vacant during breeding seasons throughout the birds’ range. As part of a long-term (1997-2022) study of Common Goldeneyes, I monitored 150 nest boxes in 2021 and 2022 in the Chena River State Recreation Area, Fairbanks, Alaska. I studied use of nest boxes based on box- and landscape specific habitat …
Exploring The Plant Orphan Gene Qqs: Unveiling Its Molecular Mechanism, Functional Network, And Agricultural Implications, Rezwan Tanvir
Exploring The Plant Orphan Gene Qqs: Unveiling Its Molecular Mechanism, Functional Network, And Agricultural Implications, Rezwan Tanvir
Theses and Dissertations
In recent years, understanding the emergence and integration of novel genes into genomes has garnered significant interest within the scientific community. Species-specific orphan genes have become particularly intriguing due to their recent appearance and distinct structural characteristics. Despite their prevalence and potential evolutionary significance, studying orphan genes poses challenges due to their lack of similarity to other genes, resulting in limited functional annotations. This study aims to delve into the mechanisms, functions, networks, and agricultural implications of orphan genes. QQS (Qua-Quine Starch), exclusively identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, stands as the first functionally characterized orphan gene in plants. It regulates carbon …
Using Phylogenomics And Environmental Metabarcoding To Understand The Distribution And Evolutionary Histories Of Amoebae, Robert E. Jones
Using Phylogenomics And Environmental Metabarcoding To Understand The Distribution And Evolutionary Histories Of Amoebae, Robert E. Jones
Theses and Dissertations
Protists are defined as eukaryotic organisms that are not animals, land plants, or fungi and make up the vast majority of eukaryotic diversity. Unfortunately, they are often overlooked and under sampled. Some rationales behind this are that they are often microscopic, most rarely the cause of human disease, and are often difficult to get into culture. Molecular phylogenetics has revolutionized our understanding of the evolutionary history of eukaryotes and without a clear picture of protist evolution our understanding would be severely hindered. Phylofisher is an easy-to-use phylogenomic software package, with an accompanying database and various utilities, intended for deep phylogenomic …
A Geant4 Based Simulation Toolkit For Detector Response Evaluations In Operational Health Physics And Nuclear Safety Applications, Ronald James Unz
A Geant4 Based Simulation Toolkit For Detector Response Evaluations In Operational Health Physics And Nuclear Safety Applications, Ronald James Unz
Theses and Dissertations
This work describes the development of a Monte Carlo simulation toolkit built on the Geant4 framework for applied health physics applications. The toolkit is designed to construct complex radiation fields and measure how radiation detectors respond to those fields, specifically radiation fields expected to be encountered in environmental and safety applications. The toolkit, along with its development and validation, is described. The use of the toolkit for performing minimum detectable concentration evaluations is outlined, following methods described in the Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM) and Nuclear Regulatory Guidance Manual 1507, which detail Minimum Detectable Concentrations for Typical …
Growth Kinetics & Optical Properties Of Blue-Emitting Cspbbr3 Perovskites, Rongjing Yan
Growth Kinetics & Optical Properties Of Blue-Emitting Cspbbr3 Perovskites, Rongjing Yan
Theses and Dissertations
Perovskites have raised interest due to their unique physical and optical properties in many fields. Adjustable bandgap, high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), and a wide range of emitting colors make perovskite promising for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) devices. Up to now, too little attention has been given to understanding the growth mechanism of perovskite. Hence, establishing the growth kinetic model is a priority research focus. We explore that low temperatures could slow down the reaction rate of forming perovskite, which provides a chance for monitoring the growth kinetic of perovskite. Additionally, the low external quantum efficiency (EQE) of blue-emitting perovskites hinders …
Meta-Analysis Of Consumer’S Willingness To Pay For Broadband In The United States, Sabina Regmi
Meta-Analysis Of Consumer’S Willingness To Pay For Broadband In The United States, Sabina Regmi
Theses and Dissertations
The study aims to summarize and synthesize 236 mean willingness to pay (WTP) estimates from 22 studies on WTP for broadband while exploring factors driving heterogeneity using a meta-regression analysis. Employing weighted least square regression, it identifies factors contributing to heterogeneity, including publication characteristics, study-design characteristics, consumer characteristics, and broadband attributes. Key findings reveal higher WTP in working papers and survey reports compared to peer-reviewed journal articles. WTP for broadband after 2015 is lower compared to pre-2007, potentially reflecting a shift in consumer perception over time. Higher download speeds are associated with increased WTP, and rural areas exhibit a nearly …
Steric Tuning Of Hexadentate Chelates And Their Effects On The Stability And Redox Properties Of First-Row Transition Metals, Ryan Benjamin Gaynor
Steric Tuning Of Hexadentate Chelates And Their Effects On The Stability And Redox Properties Of First-Row Transition Metals, Ryan Benjamin Gaynor
Theses and Dissertations
Chelation of first-row transition metals has many useful properties in the biomedical and industrial fields due to the stabilizing and/or property-altering effects that certain chelates can induce in these metals. One such useful design principle for these chelates is the addition of bulky steric groups which can have an added effect on these properties. Chapter I will explore the origins of these effects and show examples of how these effects are leveraged to produce useful complexes in a variety of applications. In Chapter II, we will discuss our choice of ligand design and the development of related synthetic procedures for …
The Impact Of Sexual Violence, Social Reactions To Disclosure, Coping, And Intersecting Identities On Ptsd Risk, Sabrina Dicarlo
The Impact Of Sexual Violence, Social Reactions To Disclosure, Coping, And Intersecting Identities On Ptsd Risk, Sabrina Dicarlo
Theses and Dissertations
Sexual violence (SV) affects millions of people, with an estimated 24.8 – 43.6% of people in the United States reporting at least one form of SV in their lifetime. SV has been associated with the development of negative outcomes such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). There is a robust body of evidence which demonstrates the impact that social reactions to SV and coping can have on higher post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. Furthermore, studies have shown that individuals from marginalized communities (e.g., racial/ethnic, gender, sexual orientation) may be disproportionately impacted, with greater exposure to SV, negative social reactions, and PTS. Studies …
Effects Of Cascading Optical Processes On Quantification Of Sample Scattering Extinction, Intensity, And Depolarization, Samadhi Nisansala Nawalage
Effects Of Cascading Optical Processes On Quantification Of Sample Scattering Extinction, Intensity, And Depolarization, Samadhi Nisansala Nawalage
Theses and Dissertations
Complex samples containing nanoscale or larger materials exhibit light scattering, a universal property of matter. However, the influence of scattering-induced cascading optical processes on quantifying sample scattering intensity and depolarization has not been thoroughly evaluated. This study uses polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) as a model analyte for systematic experimental and computational investigation. It aims to elucidate the effects of cascading optical processes on scattering cross-section, molar coefficients, depolarization, and intensities. A theoretical model is introduced to show how the Beer-Lambert law is complicated by forward-scattered light interference in UV-Vis measurements. The dependence of scattering intensity on concentration and particle size is …
Humblebragging As A Self-Promotional Strategy On Social Media, Sangwon Na
Humblebragging As A Self-Promotional Strategy On Social Media, Sangwon Na
Theses and Dissertations
Humblebragging is a tactic where an individual disguises a boast or brag as a complaint or humility while simultaneously emphasizing their achievements or desired results. According to previous literature, individual athletes' social media postings are seen as branding or self-promotional content to enhance their brand image. However, these posts can also be considered a form of bragging, with sport celebrities trying to hide their true intentions by using humbleness. This strategy is often used by sport celebrities to enhance their brand image. However, this subject remains largely unexplored in sport management literature, primarily due to the lack of a clear …
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Behavioral Problems, And The Role Of Positive Childhood Experiences, Scout Savoy
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Behavioral Problems, And The Role Of Positive Childhood Experiences, Scout Savoy
Theses and Dissertations
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are traumatic events that individuals experience in childhood that have been linked to problems with physical and mental health in adulthood (Felitti et al., 1998). Previous research suggests that ACEs are prevalent in almost two-thirds of youth regardless of location across the world and that when an individual experiences three or more ACEs, their quality-adjusted life expectancy is found to decrease (Carlson et al., 2019; Jia & Lubetkin, 2020). Although ACEs have been associated with negative outcomes, not all individuals who experience trauma exhibit problematic behavior and are considered to have high levels of resilience (Agaiba …
Design And Fabrication Of Cellulose Nanofibril (Cnf) Based Microcapsules And Their Applications, Shuaib Ahmed Mubarak
Design And Fabrication Of Cellulose Nanofibril (Cnf) Based Microcapsules And Their Applications, Shuaib Ahmed Mubarak
Theses and Dissertations
Emulsions, comprising dispersed oil or water droplets stabilized by surfactants, are widely employed across industries. However, conventional surfactants raise environmental concerns, and emulsions may encounter stability challenges during storage. A promising alternative lies in Pickering emulsions, where particles adhere irreversibly at the water-oil interface, providing enhanced stability. Recent research explores the use of natural bio-based particles as interfacial stabilizers for creating Pickering emulsions, offering improved stability and environmental friendliness. This significant change towards particle-stabilized emulsions addresses sustainability and efficacy concerns. This dissertation investigates the application of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) in stabilizing Pickering emulsions for the development of functional microcapsules with …
Customers’ Advocacy For Environmentally Friendly Golf Courses: The Role Of Green Brand Image, Feelings Of Gratitude, And Relationship Quality, Taewoong Kyung
Customers’ Advocacy For Environmentally Friendly Golf Courses: The Role Of Green Brand Image, Feelings Of Gratitude, And Relationship Quality, Taewoong Kyung
Theses and Dissertations
The close relationship between sports and the natural environment has been endangered by climate crisis and global warming (Breitbarth et al., 2023; Cunningham et al., 2020; McCullough, 2023; Orr & Inoue, 2019). For this reason, the development of golf courses has been accused of serious impacts on environmental destruction which causes climate change, despite the popularity of golf (Fouillouze et al, 2023). Golf courses have become quite far from the green image. Hence, golf courses began to voluntarily obtain environmental certification (e.g., Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary Program, GEO certified) to protect nature and keep ecosystems sustainable (Gomis et al., 2018; Lee …
Efficacy Of Fungicides And Herbicides, Applications To Manage Southern Blight In Mississippi Peanut Fields, Subina Tripathi
Efficacy Of Fungicides And Herbicides, Applications To Manage Southern Blight In Mississippi Peanut Fields, Subina Tripathi
Theses and Dissertations
Peanuts are an important legume crop cultivated in Mississippi with an annual production of 71 million kg per hectare. Southern blight (SB), caused by Athelia rolfsii, is a devastating disease resulting in significant losses to peanut production. Cultural practices may not adequately control diseases; therefore, the application of fungicides is important. Recently, the rapid growth of weed species has emphasized herbicide usage and studied weed interaction with SB. In this study, Athelia rolfsii isolates were collected from different counties to identify their biological characteristics and determine the in vitro efficacy in both 2022 and 2023. In the field trial, seven …
The Disposition And Metabolism Of A Novel Brain-Penetrating Oxime Reactivator Of Inhibited Acetylcholinesterase, Thomas Christopher Burke
The Disposition And Metabolism Of A Novel Brain-Penetrating Oxime Reactivator Of Inhibited Acetylcholinesterase, Thomas Christopher Burke
Theses and Dissertations
Organophosphates (OPs) were initially designed as insecticides and later engineered as dangerous nerve agents that threaten our livelihood and safety. One of the treatments for OP exposure is the administration of an oxime to reactivate inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The currently approved oxime therapy in the US, pralidoxime (2-PAM), is unable to reactivate inhibited AChE in the brain due to its low ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which has led our laboratory to develop novel substituted phenoxyalkyl pyridinium oximes (US Patent 9,227,937) that penetrate the BBB more effectively. Our lead oxime candidate, Oxime 20, has proven efficacious in reactivating …
Hardwood Seedling Establishment And Survival For Restoring And Enriching Bottomland Hardwoods In The Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, Timothy Jaycob Gatlin
Hardwood Seedling Establishment And Survival For Restoring And Enriching Bottomland Hardwoods In The Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, Timothy Jaycob Gatlin
Theses and Dissertations
Degradation and deforestation have taken their toll on bottomland hardwood forests in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV). To combat this, many managers, both public and private, have sought silvicultural techniques to ensure future generations have the benefits bottomland hardwoods provide. In the first study of this thesis, artificial regeneration and chemical thinning were implemented to evaluate the effects of these treatments on restoration and enrichment of bottomland hardwoods. Very high mortality rates were seen across all species and sites likely due to improper handling and planting, drought, and competition. The second study explored the feasibility of transplanting bottomland oaks …
Evaluation Of Subsurface Drainage In A Cotton And Soybean Production System In Mississippi, Tyler Scott Soignier
Evaluation Of Subsurface Drainage In A Cotton And Soybean Production System In Mississippi, Tyler Scott Soignier
Theses and Dissertations
This research was conducted to 1) evaluate the use of drain tile (subsurface drainage) in an irrigated and dryland management system in both a cotton and soybean production system and 2) determine an herbicide program to control Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) in the absence of dicamba. Neither drainage or drainage spacing had any effect pre-plant soil conditions, plant growth parameters, or yield in either production system. Stand counts were reduced in narrow tiled spacings (4.5 m) in the dryland cotton study. However, there was no reduction in lint yield due to the reduction in plant stand. Moreover, residual …
Contention Resolution With Collision Cost, Umesh Chandra Biswas
Contention Resolution With Collision Cost, Umesh Chandra Biswas
Theses and Dissertations
Contention resolution coordinates access to a shared communication channel divided into synchronized slots. For any fixed slot, a packet can be sent, leading to three outcomes: empty (no packet sent), successful (one packet sent), or collision (multiple packets sent). Each slot provides ternary feedback: empty, successful, or collision. Much of the prior work has mainly focused on optimizing the makespan, the number of slots needed for all packets to succeed. However, in many modern systems, collisions also incur time costs, which existing algorithms do not address. In this thesis, we design and analyze a randomized contention-resolution algorithm, Collision-Evasion Backoff, that …
Understanding The Impact Of Tropical Sea Surface Temperature Biases On The Projection Of North American Precipitation, William Tyler Edwards
Understanding The Impact Of Tropical Sea Surface Temperature Biases On The Projection Of North American Precipitation, William Tyler Edwards
Theses and Dissertations
Tropical SST biases in climate models significantly impact the projection of US precipitation. To show how these biases affect US precipitation simulation, I conducted nudging and flux adjustment experiments using the CESM1. In the nudging experiments, observed SSTs were prescribed over the three tropical oceans, and were compared to the control model to assess the effects of tropical SST biases. For the flux adjustment experiments, climatological SST and momentum fluxes were nudged towards the observed climatology, allowing us to characterize the effects of SST biases on the future projections of precipitation. Results indicate SST biases significantly affect the simulation of …
Unraveling Catalytic Mysteries: Insights Revealed By Density Functional Theory, Tri Nghia Le
Unraveling Catalytic Mysteries: Insights Revealed By Density Functional Theory, Tri Nghia Le
Theses and Dissertations
Density functional theory (DFT), a powerful toolbox, can unveil chemical transformations in detail. This dissertation focuses on exploring catalytic puzzles, deciphering experimental results, and occasionally, reevaluating conventional concepts. In the first problem, a combination of DFT and kinetic studies uncovers the hidden role of borane in directed borylation reactions catalyzed by iridium complex. Borane, initially considered a side product, is revealed to be an autocatalyst. Chiral catalysts are pivotal for achieving asymmetric molecular construction. However, when the chirality center in the catalyst changes with each turnover, what impact does this have? In our second investigation, we delved into a thorough …
Evaluation Of Maternal Behavior At Calving On Beef Cattle Traits, William Cobie Rutherford
Evaluation Of Maternal Behavior At Calving On Beef Cattle Traits, William Cobie Rutherford
Theses and Dissertations
The objectives of the study were to create a scoring system to assess maternal behavior within 24-h of calving in crossbred beef cows; determine the impact of maternal scores on cow productive responses and evaluate how maternal score varies over animal lifetime; and assess the effect of maternal aggression and perceived mothering ability on calf survivability and growth performance. Calving observations (n = 1,832) were conducted across 12 calf crops from 2017 to 2022 from 680 unique crossbred cows at the Prairie Research Unit, Prairie, MS. Along with routine data collection, dams were subjectively scored for the traits maternal aggression …
Enhancing Afm Particle Analysis And Shape Factor Identification With Machine Learning, William David Mckelvey
Enhancing Afm Particle Analysis And Shape Factor Identification With Machine Learning, William David Mckelvey
Theses and Dissertations
Through enhancing aerosol particle measurement accuracy by determining particle shape factors using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) combined with machine learning techniques, this study aims to provide a methodology that will improve the precision of aerosol measurements and contribute to the development of more effective filtration technologies. Accurate shape factor measurement is crucial for devices such as the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS), which often assume spherical particles of uniform density. By identifying and analyzing particles in AFM scans using machine learning techniques, this research provides a better understanding of shape factors, improving the quality of aerosol measurements. These advancements contribute …
Microgreen Production: Impact Of Sanitization Methods On Germination Percentage, Mold Suppression, Microbial Load, And Survival Of Salmonella Spp. On Allium Porrum Leek Seeds., Zonia Elizabeth Caro-Carvajal
Microgreen Production: Impact Of Sanitization Methods On Germination Percentage, Mold Suppression, Microbial Load, And Survival Of Salmonella Spp. On Allium Porrum Leek Seeds., Zonia Elizabeth Caro-Carvajal
Theses and Dissertations
Seed sanitization is crucial for microgreen production to prevent pathogens that compromise quality and safety. This study examined the effects of various sanitization methods on germination, mold suppression, microbial load, and Salmonella spp. survival on leek (Allium porrum L.) seeds. Seeds were treated with Hydrogen Peroxide (HP) at 0.27%, Hot Water (HW) at 85 ± 2°C, Tsunami® 100 (TS) at 0.04%, Vinegar (VN) at 1.1%, and Deionized Water (DI). Germination and mold percentages were recorded over 5 days. HW and HP treatments resulted in significantly higher germination rates (72% and 71.4%) compared to other treatments, with HW effectively preventing mold …
Outbreak Intensity Ranking Indices For Primary Severe Weather Modes, Adonte Netreven Knight
Outbreak Intensity Ranking Indices For Primary Severe Weather Modes, Adonte Netreven Knight
Theses and Dissertations
Past research has primarily focused on tornado outbreak intensity; however, this study presents an updated ranking index scheme that provides intensity ranks for both hail and tornado-dominant outbreaks. All outbreaks spanning 1960 - 2022 were obtained using a 24-hour kernel-density-based approach to map the severe weather report density. Notably, secular trends in the annual means of many of these variables (such as the number of hail and wind reports) showed a significant upward trend until 2010, after which that trend flattened. Thus, these fields were detrended using support vector regression that better fit these parameters' underlying annual time series. The …
Deep Learning-Based Radio Frequency Interference Detection And Mitigation For Microwave Radiometers With 2-D Spectral Features, Ahmed Manavi Alam
Deep Learning-Based Radio Frequency Interference Detection And Mitigation For Microwave Radiometers With 2-D Spectral Features, Ahmed Manavi Alam
Theses and Dissertations
Radio frequency interference (RFI) poses significant challenges for passive microwave radiometry used in climate studies and Earth science. Despite operating in protected frequency bands, microwave radiometers often encounter RFI from sources like air surveillance radars, 5G communications, and unmanned aerial vehicles. Traditional RFI detection methods rely on handcrafted algorithms designed for specific RFI types. This study proposes a deep learning (DL) approach, leveraging convolutional neural networks to detect various RFI types on a global scale. By learning directly from radiometer data, this data-driven method enhances detection accuracy and generalization. The DL framework processes raw moment data and Stokes parameters, dynamically …
The Conservation Of Brain Folding Mechanics, Amber Cook
The Conservation Of Brain Folding Mechanics, Amber Cook
Theses and Dissertations
The pattern and complexity of cerebellar folding varies across vertebrates. However, little is known about how the tissue-level mechanics are adjusted to create species-specific folding patterns. Here, we utilize a variety of species with differences in cerebellar folding amount to investigate two tissue-level mechanics known to affect folding—differential expansion and outer layer thickness. We found that the level of differential expansion between the outer and inner layers of the cerebellum broadly correlates with folding amount and that the thickness of the outer layer is important as thicker outer layers require more differential expansion to fold. Additionally, we find that both …