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Liquid Crystal On Silicon Non-Mechanical Steering Of A Laser Vibrometer System, Kevin S. Kuciapinski
Liquid Crystal On Silicon Non-Mechanical Steering Of A Laser Vibrometer System, Kevin S. Kuciapinski
Theses and Dissertations
This research examined the possibility of using a non-mechanical beam steering device to steer the beam of a coherent laser radar system. Non-mechanical beam steering devices offer many advantages in size, weight, power requirements, and steering speeds. Additionally, non-mechanical beam steering devices present the capabilities of splitting a single beam into multiple beams as well as beam forming and expanding. The coherent laser radar system used was a Laser Vibrometer System. The beam of the laser vibrometer was steered from 0 mrad to 3 mrad at 1 mrad increments using the liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) device. The laser vibrometer …
Combat Identification With Sequential Observations, Rejection Option, And Out-Of-Library Targets, Timothy W. Albrecht
Combat Identification With Sequential Observations, Rejection Option, And Out-Of-Library Targets, Timothy W. Albrecht
Theses and Dissertations
This research extends a mathematical framework to select the optimal sensor ensemble and fusion method across multiple decision thresholds subject to warfighter constraints for a combat identification (CID) system. The formulation includes treatment of exemplars from target classes on which the CID system classifiers are not trained (out-of-library classes) and enables the warfighter to optimize a CID system without explicit enumeration of classifier error costs. A time-series classifier design methodology is developed and applied, yielding a multi-variate Gaussian hidden Markov model (HMM). The extended CID framework is used to compete the HMM-based CID system against a template-based CID system. The …
Generation Of Biomarkers From Anthrax Spores By Catalysis And Analytical Pyrolysis, Phillip R. Smith
Generation Of Biomarkers From Anthrax Spores By Catalysis And Analytical Pyrolysis, Phillip R. Smith
Theses and Dissertations
Anthrax spores, in weaponized form, are dangerous biological warfare agents. Handheld technology for the rapid detection of anthrax is greatly needed to improve national security. Methods to detect anthrax spores are diverse, with most taking at least an hour for positive identification. A viable option for rapid detection is analytical pyrolysis (AP), which produces chemicals containing taxonomical information (biomarkers). AP methods are reviewed and critically analyzed to show that reproducible detection of anthrax spores in a rapid manner (< 5 min) with a handheld device is not currently possible. A promising alternative to AP is the use of a catalyst to produce biomarkers from anthrax spores with improved selectivity and reproducibility. Catalytic materials having promise for this include platinum, nickel, and superacids. Experiments evaluating several of these materials are described. A biomarker mass spectral library was created, based on information available in the scientific literature, to facilitate analysis and identification of the biomarkers produced experimentally. The RAMFAC algorithm was used to deconvolute chromatographic peaks to produce clean mass spectra and match them against entries in the biomarker library. While the library is not complete, its use with the RAMFAC algorithm enabled detection of many important biomarkers in experiments involving catalytic breakdown of anthrax spores. Experimental results from preliminary tests of several catalysts are presented and discussed. Addition of catalysts in the form of platinum nanoclusters and superacids to bacterial spores in a commercial pyrolyzer effected an increase in the amount of biomarkers produced at mild conditions over traditional pyrolysis methods. Electroformed nickel mesh, on the other hand, demonstrated low catalytic activity for the production of biomarkers, likely due to poor contact of the spores with the mesh. Biomarkers similar to those published in the literature were observed, including dipicolinic acid, picolinic acid, propionamide, acetamide, diketopiperazines, fatty acids, furfuryl alcohol, and DNA bases. A statistically designed factorial study was used to determine the importance of temperature, spore loading, and nanocluster loading on the production of three important biomarkers. The relative importance of these variables differs for each of the three important biomarkers, suggesting they are produced by different reaction mechanisms.
Investigation Of Defects In N-Type 4h-Sic And Semi-Insulating 6h-Sic Using Photoluminescence Spectroscopy, Sashi Kumar Chanda
Investigation Of Defects In N-Type 4h-Sic And Semi-Insulating 6h-Sic Using Photoluminescence Spectroscopy, Sashi Kumar Chanda
Theses and Dissertations
Photoluminescence spectroscopy is one of the most efficient and sensitive non-contact techniques used to investigate defects in SiC. In this work, room temperature photoluminescence mapping is employed to identify different defects that influence material properties. The correlation of the distribution of these defects in n-type 4H-SiC substrates with electronic properties of SiC revealed connection between the deep levels acting as efficient recombination centers and doping in the substrate. Since deep levels are known to act as minority carrier lifetime killers, the obtained knowledge may contribute to our ability to control important characteristics such as minority carrier lifetime in SiC. In …
In-Group/Out-Group Dynamics Of Native American Mascot Endorsement, John Gonzalez
In-Group/Out-Group Dynamics Of Native American Mascot Endorsement, John Gonzalez
Theses and Dissertations
The use of Native American names and mascots by professional and college sports teams has become a controversial issue. However, very litde research has investigated attitudes towards Native Americans, regarding relationships between team names and mascots on prejudice and discrimination. This study proposed that the multiple social categories created by manipulating the endorsement/opposition of Native mascots by Native and White college students at a university with a Native mascot, would allow for the identification of possible prejudice and discrimination based on race and the mascot issue. It was hypothesized that the manipulation of Native American Mascot Endorsement (NAME) in Native …
Fortune Personified And The Fall (And Rise) Of Women In Chaucer's Monk's Tale And The Autobiographical Writings Of Christine De Pizan, Leona C. Fisher
Fortune Personified And The Fall (And Rise) Of Women In Chaucer's Monk's Tale And The Autobiographical Writings Of Christine De Pizan, Leona C. Fisher
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis will posit that a query of the medieval trope, Fortune, can be read as a query into femininity. Fortune is depicted with many quintessentially medieval feminine traits, and women in texts that discuss Fortune often have Fortune's traits. While texts that link Fortune and femininity usually do so to censure women, some writers turned the trope to their advantage for just the opposite purpose. Both Chaucer in the "Monk's Tale" and Christine de Pizan personify Fortune to subtly point out the flaws in antifeminist medieval view of women. This thesis explores the ways in which these writers cleverly …
Categorizing High Energy Laser Effects For The Joint Munitions Effectiveness Manual, James A. Markham
Categorizing High Energy Laser Effects For The Joint Munitions Effectiveness Manual, James A. Markham
Theses and Dissertations
With the high risk and cost in fielding High Energy Laser (HEL) weapon systems, the development process must include computer simulation models of weapon system performance from the engineering level up to predicting the military worth of employing specific systems in a combat scenario. This research effort focuses on defining how to measure lethality for HEL weapons in an Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL) scenario. In order to create an effective measure for direct comparison between the emerging laser weapon system and existing conventionally delivered weapons, lase time in seconds is presented as a measure comparable to rounds required to cause …
Wide-Angle Multistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar: Focused Image Formation And Aliasing Artifact Mitigation, Jonathan E. Luminati
Wide-Angle Multistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar: Focused Image Formation And Aliasing Artifact Mitigation, Jonathan E. Luminati
Theses and Dissertations
Traditional monostatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) platforms force the user to choose between two image types: larger, low resolution images or smaller, high resolution images. Switching to a Wide-Angle Multistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (WAM-SAR) approach allows formation of large high-resolution images. Unfortunately, WAM-SAR suffers from two significant implementation problems. First, wavefront curvature effects, non-linear flight paths, and warped ground planes lead to image defocusing with traditional SAR processing methods. A new 3-D monostatic/bistatic image formation routine solves the defocusing problem, correcting for all relevant wide-angle effects. Inverse SAR (ISAR) imagery from a Radar Cross Section (RCS) chamber validates this approach. …
United States Diplomatic And Military Relations With The Republic Of China In The Era Of The Vietnam War, 1961-1969, Charles John Pellegrin
United States Diplomatic And Military Relations With The Republic Of China In The Era Of The Vietnam War, 1961-1969, Charles John Pellegrin
Theses and Dissertations
In the 1950s, the Republic of China (ROC) on the island of Taiwan was a Cold War ally of the United States. Led by President Chiang Kai-shek and his ruling Kuomintang Party, the ROC received military, financial, and humanitarian assistance from the U.S., and enjoyed support in the White House, from the Departments of State and Defense, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and the Democratic and Republican Parties. President Chiang even employed public relations firms and political pressure groups to help generate public support and to sway American policymakers to favor his cause. By the end of the 1970s, however, …
The Effects Of Subliminal Weapons Effect On Aggressive Behavior In College Level Students, Gary A. Roskoski
The Effects Of Subliminal Weapons Effect On Aggressive Behavior In College Level Students, Gary A. Roskoski
Theses and Dissertations
This study evaluated the difference in displayed aggression in subjects randomly assigned to either a subliminal weapons effect condition or to a controlled condition. 30 students from a small public University in New Jersey signed up for the study to receive credit for their introductory psychology course. The subjects were then randomly assigned to one of the two conditions; the subliminal weapons effect conditioned consisted of a poster of "Scarface" holding a gun pointed toward the subject on the blackboard (the poster had a sign asking that it not be removed by a professor). The controlled condition had no stimuli …
Optimization Of Automatic Target Recognition With A Reject Option Using Fusion And Correlated Sensor Data, Trevor I. Laine
Optimization Of Automatic Target Recognition With A Reject Option Using Fusion And Correlated Sensor Data, Trevor I. Laine
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation examines the optimization of automatic target recognition (ATR) systems when a rejection option is included. First, a comprehensive review of the literature inclusive of ATR assessment, fusion, correlated sensor data, and classifier rejection is presented. An optimization framework for the fusion of multiple sensors is then developed. This framework identifies preferred fusion rules and sensors along with rejection and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve thresholds without the use of explicit misclassification costs as required by a Bayes' loss function. This optimization framework is the first to integrate both "vertical" warfighter output label analysis and "horizontal" engineering confusion matrix …
Exploratory Inquiry: Disparate Air Force Base Area Network Architectures, Charlie W. Boyd Jr.
Exploratory Inquiry: Disparate Air Force Base Area Network Architectures, Charlie W. Boyd Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
Joint Vision 2020, the Department of Defense (DoD) blueprint for development and transformation, identifies information and technology as critical enablers for our nation's military and calls for the development of a joint force capable of integrated information sharing to provide decision superiority, the ability to make and implement better decisions before enemies can react (DoD, 2000). Networks have been identified as the single most important element for transforming our current military forces. Ironically, Air Force base-level communications networks have been identified as a weakness. This research follows the qualitative approach to increases the current understanding of base level communications networks …
Medical Devices, Support Networks, And Their Vulnerabilities: A Case Study Of The Integration Of Medical Networks Into The Air Force Information Network, Paul G. Oleksiak
Medical Devices, Support Networks, And Their Vulnerabilities: A Case Study Of The Integration Of Medical Networks Into The Air Force Information Network, Paul G. Oleksiak
Theses and Dissertations
With the implementation of "one Air Force, one network" under way it is important to look at how the Air Force plans to incorporate the medical field and its unique systems, networks, and mission. The medical field presents distinctive problems not seen in other areas. Open network vulnerabilities in the medical information systems not only pose a problem for the individual, but to the military service also. Possible security holes provide both access to vital military & personal information (end strength numbers, current status of personnel, social security), and a door way into the "network". Intruders now can possibly access …
Assessing The Usefulness Of The Decision Framework For Identifying And Selecting Knowledge Management Projects, Kevin G. Budai
Assessing The Usefulness Of The Decision Framework For Identifying And Selecting Knowledge Management Projects, Kevin G. Budai
Theses and Dissertations
Knowledge management (KM) is becoming recognized as a valuable tool for the Department of Defense (DoD) in its effort to maintain a competitive, strategic advantage against its enemies in a new threat environment. Decision superiority is the ultimate end result and is only possible through the effective and efficient use of its chief key resource--knowledge. As the Air Force seeks to transform the way it does business the concept of knowledge management has made its way to the forefront of both the Air Force's Information Strategy and Information Resource Flight Plan. This research assesses the usefulness of a knowledge management …
Assessing The Usefulness Of Visualization Tools To Investigate Hidden Patterns With Insider Attack Cases, Amy M. Rammel
Assessing The Usefulness Of Visualization Tools To Investigate Hidden Patterns With Insider Attack Cases, Amy M. Rammel
Theses and Dissertations
The insider threat is a major concern for organizations. Open markets, technological advances, and the evolving definition of employee have exacerbated the insider threat. Insider threat research efforts are focusing on both prevention and detection techniques. However, recent security violation trends highlight the damage insider attacks cause organizations and illuminate why organizations and researchers must develop new approaches to this challenge. Although fruitful research is being conducted and new technologies are being applied to the insider threat problem, companies remain susceptible to the costly damage generated by insider threat actions. This research explored how visualization tools may be useful in …
Determining A Relationship Between Foreign News Media Reports Covering U.S. Military Events And Network Incidents Against Dod Networks, Jason D. Jaros
Determining A Relationship Between Foreign News Media Reports Covering U.S. Military Events And Network Incidents Against Dod Networks, Jason D. Jaros
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explores the nature of the relationship between foreign news media and network incidents against DoD networks. A rank correlation was performed between the number of network incidents against DoD networks and foreign news media reports covering U.S. Military events. Further analysis was conducted to determine the key terms used in the contents of foreign news media reports for the months the reports were significantly correlated with network incidents. Several significant correlations were found between various combinations of regions and categories of network incidents. However, the correlations were only moderate and the key terms only led to a slightly …
A Study To Determine Damage Assessment Methods Or Models On Air Force Networks, Lisa S. Thiem
A Study To Determine Damage Assessment Methods Or Models On Air Force Networks, Lisa S. Thiem
Theses and Dissertations
Damage assessment for computer networks is a new area of interest for the Air Force. Previously, there has not been a concerted effort to codify damage assessment or develop a model that can be applied in assessing damage done by criminals, natural disasters, or other methods of damaging a computer network. The research undertaken attempts to identify if the Air Force MAJCOM Network Operations Support Centers (NOSC) use damage assessment models or methods. If the Air Force does use a model or method, an additional question of how the model was attained or decided upon is asked. All information comes …
Status Of Department Of Defense Architecture Framework (Dodaf) Implementation Within The Aeronautical Systems Center (Asc), Chad A. Millette
Status Of Department Of Defense Architecture Framework (Dodaf) Implementation Within The Aeronautical Systems Center (Asc), Chad A. Millette
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research was to identify the current status of the use of the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) systems architecture products within the Aeronautical Systems Center (ASC) program offices. There are regulatory requirements dictating the creation of DoDAF products as annexes to programmatic documentation, such as the Joint Capabilities Integration Development System (JCIDS) requirement for systems architectures as annexes for acquisition milestone decision documentation. In addition, the DoDAF itself identifies several products as being highly applicable for the development of acquisition strategies. This thesis investigated the use of systems architectures, and particularly DoDAF products, within the …
Weapon Release Scheduling From Multiple-Bay Aircraft Using Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms, Francis R. Lyons Iv
Weapon Release Scheduling From Multiple-Bay Aircraft Using Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms, Francis R. Lyons Iv
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force has put an increased emphasis on the timely delivery of precision weapons. Part of this effort has been to us multiple bay aircraft such the B-1B Lancer and B-52 Stratofortress to provide Close Air Support and responsive strikes using 1760 weapons. In order to provide greater flexibility, the aircraft carry heterogeneous payloads which can require deconfliction in order to drop multiple different types of weapons. Current methods of deconfliction and weapon selection are highly crew dependent and work intensive. This research effort investigates the optimization of an algorithm for weapon release which allows the aircraft …
Determination Of Structure From Motion Using Aerial Imagery, Paul R. Graham
Determination Of Structure From Motion Using Aerial Imagery, Paul R. Graham
Theses and Dissertations
The structure from motion process creates three-dimensional models from a sequence of images. Until recently, most research in this field has been restricted to land-based imagery. This research examines the current methods of land-based structure from motion and evaluates their performance for aerial imagery. Current structure from motion algorithms search the initial image for features to track though the subsequent images. These features are used to create point correspondences between the two images. The correspondences are used to estimate the motion of the camera and then the three-dimensional structure of the scene. This research tests current algorithms using synthetic data …
Using Multiple Mems Imus To Form A Distributed Inertial Measurement Unit, Ryan D. Hanson
Using Multiple Mems Imus To Form A Distributed Inertial Measurement Unit, Ryan D. Hanson
Theses and Dissertations
MEMS IMUs are readily available in quantity and have extraordinary advantages over conventional IMUs in size, weight, cost, and power consumption. However, the poor performance of MEMS IMUs limits their use in more demanding military applications. It is desired to use multiple distributed MEMS IMUs to simulate the performance of a single, more costly IMU, using the theory behind Gyro-Free IMUs. A Gyro-Free IMU (GF-IMU) uses a configuration of accelerometers only to measure the three accelerations and three angular rotations of a rigid body in 3-D space. Theoretically, almost any configuration of six distributed accelerometers yields sufficient measurements to solve …
Accelerating Missile Threat Engagement Simulations Using Personal Computer Graphics Cards, Sean E. Jeffers
Accelerating Missile Threat Engagement Simulations Using Personal Computer Graphics Cards, Sean E. Jeffers
Theses and Dissertations
The 453rd Electronic Warfare Squadron supports on-going military operations by providing battlefield commanders with aircraft ingress and egress routes that minimize the risk of shoulder or ground-fired missile attacks on our aircraft. To determine these routes, the 453rd simulates engagements between ground-to-air missiles and allied aircraft to determine the probability of a successful attack. The simulations are computationally expensive, often requiring two-hours for a single 10-second missile engagement. Hundreds of simulations are needed to perform a complete risk assessment which includes evaluating the effectiveness of countermeasures such as flares, chaff, jammers, and missile warning systems. Thus, the need for faster …
National Security Agency (Nsa) Systems And Network Attack Center (Snac) Security Guides Versus Known Worms, Matthew W. Sullivan
National Security Agency (Nsa) Systems And Network Attack Center (Snac) Security Guides Versus Known Worms, Matthew W. Sullivan
Theses and Dissertations
Internet worms impact Internet security around the world even though there are many defenses to prevent the damage they inflict. The National Security Agency (NSA) Systems and Network Attack Center (SNAC) publishes in-depth configuration guides to protect networks from intrusion; however, the effectiveness of these guides in preventing the spread of worms hasn't been studied. This thesis establishes how well the NSA SNAC guides protect against various worms and exploits compared to Microsoft patches alone. It also identifies the aspects of the configuration guidance that is most effective in the absence of patches and updates, against network worm and e-mail …
A Systems Architectural Model For Man-Packable/Operable Intelligence, Surveillance, And Reconnaissance Mini/Micro Aerial Vehicles, Cory A. Cooper, Matthew L. Ewoldt, Steaven A. Meyer, Edward W. Talley
A Systems Architectural Model For Man-Packable/Operable Intelligence, Surveillance, And Reconnaissance Mini/Micro Aerial Vehicles, Cory A. Cooper, Matthew L. Ewoldt, Steaven A. Meyer, Edward W. Talley
Theses and Dissertations
With the increase in both technology push and operational pull of mini/micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) within DoD organizations, an understanding of their interactions and capabilities is necessary. Many MAVs have already been developed for a specific usage and much speculation has been made on their future uses. Despite the growth of MAVs, there is currently no overarching systems architecture which would envelop and guide the DoD's MAV development efforts. The goal of this thesis is to apply sound systems engineering principals to develop a MAV architectural model describing their use in three separate but closely related mission areas: Over-the-Hill-Reconnaissance, Battle …
Comparing Management Approaches For Automatic Test Systems: A Strategic Missile Case Study, William C. Ford
Comparing Management Approaches For Automatic Test Systems: A Strategic Missile Case Study, William C. Ford
Theses and Dissertations
From 1980 to 1992, the DoD spent over $50 billion acquiring Automatic Test Systems (ATS) used to test weapon systems. At that time, procuring unique ATS to support single weapon systems was the norm. In 1994, the DoD made a dramatic change to their ATS acquisition policy; common ATS that supported multiple weapon systems was preferred over ATS tailored to support a single weapon system. Expected benefits of this new policy included: more reliable equipment, increased supportability, decreased cost, smaller logistics footprint, and decreased manning. To date, the common ATS initiative has garnered little support AF-wide due to lack of …
Evaluating Management Strategies For Automated Test Systems/Equipment (Ats/E): An F-15 Case Study, Jeremy A. Howe
Evaluating Management Strategies For Automated Test Systems/Equipment (Ats/E): An F-15 Case Study, Jeremy A. Howe
Theses and Dissertations
The management of United States Air Force ATS/E presents a variety of issues that affect the long-term capability and mission readiness of weapon systems. Traditional procurement processes suggest that individual aircraft platform System Program Offices (SPOs) developed, improved and replaced ATE on an "as-required" basis. Increased obsolescence, however, and a concern for maintaining longer-term viability provided the necessary inertia for a movement towards the procurement and development of consolidated, common test equipment that would support multiple weapon systems. In 1998, the Air Force Chief of Staff directed HQ AFMC to establish a Common Support Equipment office to facilitate the combination …
Selection And Application Of Distorted Risk Measures, Edwin J. Offutt
Selection And Application Of Distorted Risk Measures, Edwin J. Offutt
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis develops and illustrates a methodology for the selection of probability distributions and distortion functions associated with risk scenarios resulting from military capability shortfalls. Distorted (or transformed) risk measures are analyzed and applied to account for loss scenarios that may occur with low frequency but result in catastrophic outcomes. After reviewing the rudimentary concepts of distortion, four well-known continuous distributions, suitable for modeling risk scenarios, are chosen using defined criteria. Based on subject matter expert inputs, a simple method for assigning exactly one of the four distributions to any risk scenario is proposed. Four parametric distortion functions from the …
Optimal Sampling Of A Chemical Hazard Area, Jennifer R. Plourde
Optimal Sampling Of A Chemical Hazard Area, Jennifer R. Plourde
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis proposes a methodology for optimally sampling a chemical hazard area subsequent to a chemical weapons attack. The objective is to identify the maximum number of areas that no longer require protective gear for safe operations. We model the area as an undirected graph and employ network analysis techniques to provide a methodological framework for identifying an optimal sampling sequence within a fixed time limit. We propose four models that characterize the secondary vapor concentrations: i) static and deterministic, ii) static and stochastic, iii) dynamic and deterministic, and iv) dynamic and stochastic. Comparisons of the static cases and their …
Parachute Extraction Of A Generic Store From A C-130; A Cfd Proof Of Concept, Stephen C. Platt
Parachute Extraction Of A Generic Store From A C-130; A Cfd Proof Of Concept, Stephen C. Platt
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis encompasses a feasibility analysis of a parachute extracted generic precision guided munition from the cargo bay of a C-130 aircraft in flight. This analysis utilizes the USAF Beggar code and incorporates full physics effects as well as aerodynamic loading assuming an inviscid aircraft and viscous store for a time-accurate solution. Both an immediate and time varying application of the parachute force are utilized as well as two different ordnance body styles at zero and 5 degrees AOA with the store placed on centerline and offset in the cargo bay. The time accurate parachute model is based on empirical …
Executable Architectures And Their Application To A Geographically Distributed Air Operations Center, Robert J. Beal, Jeremy P. Hendrix, Garth P. Mcmurray, William C. Stewart
Executable Architectures And Their Application To A Geographically Distributed Air Operations Center, Robert J. Beal, Jeremy P. Hendrix, Garth P. Mcmurray, William C. Stewart
Theses and Dissertations
Integrated Architectures and Network Centric Warfare represent two central concepts in the Department of Defense's (DoD) on-going transformation. The true power of integrated architectures is brought to bear when they are combined with simulation to move beyond a static representation and create an executable architecture. This architecture can then be used to experiment with system configurations and parameter values to guide employment decisions. The process of developing and utilizing an executable architecture will be employed to assess an Air Operations Center (AOC). This thesis applies and expands upon the methodology of Dr. Alexander Levis, former Chief Scientist of the Air …