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Harmonic Response Analysis Of Asymmetric Double-Wishbone Suspension Systems For Amphibious Vehicle Stability, Harper K. Mccraw
Harmonic Response Analysis Of Asymmetric Double-Wishbone Suspension Systems For Amphibious Vehicle Stability, Harper K. Mccraw
Theses and Dissertations
Amphibious vehicles in the surf zone face severe hydrodynamic forcing, yet their internal suspension dynamics remain under-characterized. This research quantifies the non-linear dynamic response of an asymmetric double-wishbone suspension under regular wave impact. Using a physical model in a wave flume and a Qualisys motion-capture system, global rigid-body roll angles were processed through a decoupled kinematic numerical framework to isolate time-domain strut displacements. To evaluate stability, the data was transformed into the frequency domain to calculate Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Results indicate that all test configurations exhibited significant non-linearity, primarily driven by mechanical clipping as struts reached their physical travel …
Unbounded Derivations On Algebras Associated With Monothetic Groups: An Expository Thesis, Britton Phillips
Unbounded Derivations On Algebras Associated With Monothetic Groups: An Expository Thesis, Britton Phillips
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis is an expository exploration of the paper Unbounded Derivations in Algebras Associated with Monothetic Groups. Monothetic groups will be utilized to create a minimal system that gives rise to two C*-algebras, and once we have these algebras, unbounded derivations will be able to be defined on them. These derivations are able to be classified and decomposed into ”special” derivations, and these decompositions help simplify the comparisons between derivations on different algebras. In particular, we emphasize the classification, covariance properties, innerness and approximate innerness, and the lifting behavior of these derivations.
In The Pursuit Of Beauty: A Bureaucratic History Of Chicago's Parks, 1860-1900, Jackie L. Perkins
In The Pursuit Of Beauty: A Bureaucratic History Of Chicago's Parks, 1860-1900, Jackie L. Perkins
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation examines how the decentralized and competitive urban government of Chicago regulated not only the material conditions but also the aesthetic beauty of three separate park systems formed in 1869 as a response to Chicagoans’ broad push for improved recreational landscapes in the city. The systems, political entities each governed by its own commission, experienced varying levels of independence from the city of Chicago. As commissioners worked towards the creation of urban parks modeled after the idealized beauty made popular by New York’s Central Park, they encountered the bureaucratic and environmental realities of Chicago, two forces that often worked …
Development And Evaluation Of A Closed-Loop Controlled Ugv With Rtk-Gps Navigation For Plastic Contamination Removal From Cotton Fields, Asifur Rahman
Development And Evaluation Of A Closed-Loop Controlled Ugv With Rtk-Gps Navigation For Plastic Contamination Removal From Cotton Fields, Asifur Rahman
Theses and Dissertations
Plastic contamination in cotton reduces fiber quality, causing an estimated $600 to $750 losses annually for the U.S. cotton industry. This work developed an RTK-GNSS-based UGV navigation for a collaborative UAV-UGV plastic retrieval system. An Amiga rover was adopted and modified, and a closed-loop PD steering control based on cross-track and heading error was developed and deployed in it. The first set of tests was conducted on a 111 m A-B line on a flat lane based on ASABE/ISO 12188-2 guidelines, then repeated in a cotton field. The P50 and P95, and max cross-track errors were about 1, 5, and …
Design And Uncertainty Methodology In High Efficiency Filtration Media Testing, Jeremy Andrei Adriano
Design And Uncertainty Methodology In High Efficiency Filtration Media Testing, Jeremy Andrei Adriano
Theses and Dissertations
Electrospun nanofiber media are being developed as potential alternatives to conventional HEPA filtration materials due to their small fiber diameters and tunable microstructures. To support future testing of these materials, the Small-Scale Test Stand (SSTS) at the Institute for Clean Energy Technology (ICET) requires modifications to ensure accurate and repeatable aerosol filtration measurements. Electrospun filters introduce challenges including fragile media structures and uncertain filtration efficiencies that may allow particle penetration to downstream instrumentation. This work evaluates adaptations to the SSTS design to support testing of electrospun filtration media. In addition, an uncertainty framework for aerosol measurements obtained using a Scanning …
How Did A Pandemic Impact Park Usage Among The Older Adult Populations In Memphis, Tn?, Katherine Barlow
How Did A Pandemic Impact Park Usage Among The Older Adult Populations In Memphis, Tn?, Katherine Barlow
Theses and Dissertations
During COVID-19 older adults’ populations were a vulnerable demographic, and through a review of existing literature it was determined that there is limited research about park and outdoor space use during COVID-19 by older adults. This research seeks to address these gaps by examining how a pandemic impacted park usage among the older adult population (age 60+) in Memphis, TN at Shelby Farms Park. This study examines the comparison of park use during (2020-2023) and after (2023-present) COVID-19. A mixed methods approach was employed. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was run to analyze the survey data and a significant statistical difference. …
From Natural Language To Cryptographic Protocol Specifications: Evaluating Llms For Cpsa Generation, Martin Duclos
From Natural Language To Cryptographic Protocol Specifications: Evaluating Llms For Cpsa Generation, Martin Duclos
Theses and Dissertations
Formal verification can prove the security properties of cryptographic protocols, but translating natural language specifications into formal models requires specialized expertise, limiting the broader adoption of formal verification methods. This dissertation investigates whether large language models (LLMs) can lower this barrier by automatically generating Cryptographic Protocol Shapes Analyzer (CPSA) models from natural language protocol specifications. We evaluate three complementary strategies for improving LLM-based CPSA code generation through systematic experimentation across 104 protocols and 15 language models. First, we analyze prompt engineering and find that moderate structured guidance yields the most accurate outputs, while excessive prompt complexity degrades performance. Second, we …
Evaluating The Spray Patterns Of Boomless Spray Nozzles At Increasing Application Speeds, Thomas Hayden Duncan
Evaluating The Spray Patterns Of Boomless Spray Nozzles At Increasing Application Speeds, Thomas Hayden Duncan
Theses and Dissertations
Boomless nozzles have been largely ignored in spray studies, resulting in limited understanding of their spray patterns and how they are affected by operating parameters. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of application speed on the performance of four boomless nozzles. Dyed water was applied to Kromekote® paper to assess spray distribution based on coverage data at three speeds, and MSMA was applied to a mixed turf stand to evaluate the effect of speed on performance. Overlap simulations were done to evaluate how uniformity could be improved, and nozzle performance was compared to manufacturer claims. Spray patterns of …
Evaluation And Mitigation Of Bias And Toxicity In Open-Source Large Language Models Using Crows-Pairs And Bold, Sai Harika Gade
Evaluation And Mitigation Of Bias And Toxicity In Open-Source Large Language Models Using Crows-Pairs And Bold, Sai Harika Gade
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis evaluates bias and harmful language generation in five open-source language models and tests practical mitigation methods that do not require retraining. Two masked models are assessed with a sentence-pair benchmark for stereotype preference, and three generative models are assessed with a prompt-based benchmark for harmful continuations across demographic domains. The study uses a unified experimental workflow to compare model behavior, summarize differences across bias categories, and measure changes after intervention. Results show that the masked models favor stereotypical content above a random baseline, while the generative models usually produce low average toxicity but still show uneven risk across …
A Woman’S Wilderness: Fostering Mental Well-Being Through Sensory Stimulation In The Outdoors, Anah Gaynes
A Woman’S Wilderness: Fostering Mental Well-Being Through Sensory Stimulation In The Outdoors, Anah Gaynes
Theses and Dissertations
The female experience with nature is unique (Nurse, G. A., Benfield, J., Bell, P. A., 2010). This provokes the question explored in this study: “What sensory interactions impact women’s mental well-being in nature-based therapy programs?” This study invited participants of nature-based retreats held at 4 Winds Farm in Glenwood Springs, Colorado or Summit Sisters at Cal-Wood Education Center in Jamestown, Colorado. Findings indicate that women’s positive emotions are significantly impacted by their sensory experiences. It also revealed a fascination with trees and the importance of tactile experiences. For landscape architects this brings about a new challenge in designing for the …
Root-Cause-Analysis Of Crane System Variable Frequency Drive Failures Through Testing And Power Quality Analysis, Elizabeth Hayes
Root-Cause-Analysis Of Crane System Variable Frequency Drive Failures Through Testing And Power Quality Analysis, Elizabeth Hayes
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigates the root-cause-analysis of repeated failures of an AC-DC converter in a variable frequency drive system on a 325-Ton crane through electrical testing based on NETA and IEEE standards. The testing is accompanied with a power quality study based on the IEEE 519-2019, simulation using SKM power modeling software, and fault study from two captured faults. The converter failures presented no immediate solution despite experienced technicians, engineers, and other specialists. This study attempts to eliminate root-cause by examining the line-side equipment and in-feed power quality as contributions to the converter faults.
Plasma Pharmacokinetics Of Topical 0.1% Diclofenac Sodium And 0.5% Ketorolac Tromethamine In Dogs, Jacqueline Peraza
Plasma Pharmacokinetics Of Topical 0.1% Diclofenac Sodium And 0.5% Ketorolac Tromethamine In Dogs, Jacqueline Peraza
Theses and Dissertations
To determine plasma concentrations of ophthalmic 0.1% (w/v) diclofenac sodium and 0.5% (w/v) ketorolac tromethamine following 4 times daily ophthalmic administration in healthy dogs. Eight dogs were randomly assigned to a diclofenac or ketorolac group. Plasma was collected before drug administration. Plasma samples were collected after the 4 pm treatments on days 1 and 5. Plasma concentrations (ng/mL) were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and analyzed with noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. After ophthalmic administration of 0.1% diclofenac, mean t1/2, Tmax, and Cmax occurred at 3.08 0.9 hours, 121.4 2.8 hours, 0.12 0.05 ug/mL, respectively. The mean t1/2, Tmax, and Cmax after …
Nesting Ecology And Responses To Snag Resource Fluctuations Of Red-Headed Woodpeckers In Working Pine Forests, Zoe Elise Scott
Nesting Ecology And Responses To Snag Resource Fluctuations Of Red-Headed Woodpeckers In Working Pine Forests, Zoe Elise Scott
Theses and Dissertations
Southeastern working pine forests provide opportunities for sustainable management that balance conservation and economic objectives. Red-headed woodpeckers (Melanerpes erythrocephalus), as primary cavity excavators, play a disproportionate role in forest ecosystems, making them an ideal focal species for evaluating management strategies. From 2024-2025, we monitored 103 nesting attempts in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forests of Mississippi and Alabama, assessing nest site selection and survival. Nests were concentrated in early successional stands, with selection favoring taller snags with advanced decay characteristics, greater understory cover, and north-to-west cavity orientation. Nest survival increased with reduced cavity accessibility. Simulation models of varying snag retention levels …
Comprehensive Study Of The Durability And Protective Measures Of Cross-Laminated Timber, Samuel Gray Shumate
Comprehensive Study Of The Durability And Protective Measures Of Cross-Laminated Timber, Samuel Gray Shumate
Theses and Dissertations
The growing use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) in sustainable construction necessitates improved protection against biological deterioration. This study evaluates the fungal resistance of Southern Pine CLT fabricated from lumber pre-treated with micronized copper azole (MCA). Panels were produced under industrial pressing conditions, and durability was assessed using a modified American Wood Protection Association (AWPA) E10-22 soil block test against four brown-rot fungi. Results showed significant decay reduction for Coniophora puteana and Neolentinus lepideus, while protection was less effective against Gloeophyllum trabeum and Rhodonia placenta. Findings indicate that pre-treatment enhances preservative distribution but does not fully prevent decay in high-hazard environments. …
Students’ College Choice: Factors Influencing The Decision To Attend A Particular College, Miss Thompson Gordon
Students’ College Choice: Factors Influencing The Decision To Attend A Particular College, Miss Thompson Gordon
Theses and Dissertations
Community colleges play a vital role in expanding access to higher education by offering affordable and flexible opportunities for diverse learners, including many who face academic and socioeconomic challenges. This qualitative phenomenological study examined the factors that influence high school seniors' decisions to attend a particular college. Guided by Hossler and Gallagher's (1987) three-stage college choice model of predisposition, search, and choice, the research explored how students gather information; the influence of family, peers, and school personnel; and the importance of college characteristics such as cost, location, and campus environment. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with ten high school …
The Role Of Math Anxiety – And Associated Support Mechanisms And Strategies – In The Academic Success Of Stem College Students, William Jacob Tschume
The Role Of Math Anxiety – And Associated Support Mechanisms And Strategies – In The Academic Success Of Stem College Students, William Jacob Tschume
Theses and Dissertations
Math anxiety has been widely documented as a barrier to student success, yet its role within institutional student success frameworks – particularly in gateway STEM courses – remains underexamined. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationship between math anxiety, academic support mechanisms, and academic performance among undergraduate STEM students enrolled in a gateway mathematics course at a large, public, research-intensive university. Guided by the Debilitating Anxiety Model, student success frameworks, Social Cognitive Career Theory, and equity-oriented perspectives, this study addressed three research questions: (1) how student demographic characteristics relate to levels of math anxiety, (2) the …
Effects Of Melatonin Supplementation On Exercise Induced Stress In Horses, Hannah Clark Valigura
Effects Of Melatonin Supplementation On Exercise Induced Stress In Horses, Hannah Clark Valigura
Theses and Dissertations
Exercise is a necessary component of athletic conditioning but imposes substantial physiological stress on horses, resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, muscle damage, and thermal strain that can impair performance and recovery. Melatonin, a neurohormone with potent antioxidant and thermoregulatory properties, has been proposed as a novel nutritional strategy to mitigate these effects. This dissertation aimed to (1) characterize serum melatonin concentrations following oral supplementation, (2) evaluate the effects of melatonin on oxidative stress, inflammation, and muscle damage biomarkers after exercise, and (3) examine its influence on physiological parameters during exercise under warm weather conditions. Across a series of controlled experiments …
Integrating Augmented Reality Visualizations Into Data Science Notebooks Using Microsoft Hololens 2, Derek Willis
Integrating Augmented Reality Visualizations Into Data Science Notebooks Using Microsoft Hololens 2, Derek Willis
Theses and Dissertations
Data-science notebooks support iterative analysis but are limited to two-dimensional (2D) displays. This work presents an approach to extend such environments with rapid augmented reality (AR) visualization while preserving conventional 2D workflows. An opensource R package was developed to convert notebook objects into three-dimensional (3D) models, export them in the Graphics Language Transmission Format (glTF), and transfer directly to a Microsoft HoloLens 2 via a USB connection for viewing in the native 3D Viewer application. The proposed workflow eliminates manual conversion and transfer steps required by earlier methods. A user study employing a post-session questionnaire indicated that participants found the …
Feasibility-Aware Deep Reinforcement Learning For Sustainable Timber Procurement Under Hurricane Demand Uncertainty, Jarod Wright
Feasibility-Aware Deep Reinforcement Learning For Sustainable Timber Procurement Under Hurricane Demand Uncertainty, Jarod Wright
Theses and Dissertations
The timber supply chain connects landowners and mills to provide wood products but faces challenges from stochastic demand, seasonal variations, and disruptions such as hurricanes. Fur- thermore, sustainability concerns like transportation emissions create trade-offs in procurement. This study proposes a feasibility-aware Deep Reinforcement Learning framework for sustainable timber procurement and inventory control under joint demand–hurricane uncertainty. We develop a stochastic mathematical model capturing mill-landowner interactions, seasonal demand, hurricane- driven pricing, and carbon emissions. The problem is formulated as a constrained Markov decision process and solved using Proximal Policy Optimization with a feasibility-enforcing layer. A Mississippi-based case study with 2,100 landowners …
Agentic Synthetic Data Generation For Automated Model Development, Frederick Eugene Diehl
Agentic Synthetic Data Generation For Automated Model Development, Frederick Eugene Diehl
Theses and Dissertations
Large Language Model research has made large strides in capabilities from sentiment analysis to writing code. These advancements have been realized thanks to research into specific capabilities such as prompting techniques. Language models today have demonstrated the ability to create content, transform, and classify. These capabilities are not limited to academic exploration but also found in commercial products that are positioning themselves from application augmentation to personal assistants. These commercial products tend to steer towards single actions such as “summarize this article” or “write a function that performs action...” In parallel research has continued to advance towards more advanced constructs …
Contested Surveillance: Gendered Citizenship And Political Participation In Egypt And Lebanon, Mohamad Zarif
Contested Surveillance: Gendered Citizenship And Political Participation In Egypt And Lebanon, Mohamad Zarif
Theses and Dissertations
While the 2011 Arab Uprisings were famously framed by the utopian narrative of a 'Facebook Revolution', this view has given way to a dystopian reality in which digital infrastructures can facilitate authoritarian retrenchment. This thesis interrogates how lowermiddle- and working-class precarious youth navigate and perceive this "Architecture of Control" in Cairo and Beirut. Using a comparative qualitative design with purposive and snowball sampling, this research integrates digital ethnography and fourteen interviews with eighteen participants (nine women, seven men) to capture lived experiences of surveillance rather than the internal logic of state security institutions. The study yields three primary findings. First, …
A Study & Comparison Of Lift Boosters For An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Trevor Sean Dady
A Study & Comparison Of Lift Boosters For An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Trevor Sean Dady
Theses and Dissertations
Unmanned aerial vehicles are becoming increasingly prevalent in modern society for tasks, such as package delivery, defense, and cinematography. Due to this surge in applications, many researchers have begun to search for improvements to unmanned aerial vehicles for their lift and thrust properties. Potential solutions to magnify an unmanned aerial vehicle’s thrust capability are the implementation of Coanda surfaces, nozzles, or bowl-shaped structures on each propeller. Coanda surfaces provide additional lift force by creating a vacuum in response to the adhesion of fluid to the smooth surface. Nozzles can constrict the flow of air, while also increasing its velocity. The …
A Governance-Aware Multi-Agent Framework For Enhancing Fairness & Temporal Accuracy In Disaster Response Systems, Md. Ashfaqur Rahman
A Governance-Aware Multi-Agent Framework For Enhancing Fairness & Temporal Accuracy In Disaster Response Systems, Md. Ashfaqur Rahman
Theses and Dissertations
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in disaster-response decision support, however, their deployment in high-stakes humanitarian settings raises critical concerns regarding factual reliability, fairness, temporal validity, and governance compliance. Hallucinated outputs, demographic bias, and outdated recommendations can directly impact vulnerable populations and undermine public trust. This dissertation proposes a governance-aware multi-agent framework designed to enhance fairness and temporal accuracy in disaster-response systems through structured Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), verification-driven orchestration, and adaptive correction mechanisms.The proposed architecture decomposes response generation into specialized agents responsible for real-time retrieval, fact-checking, bias auditing, temporal validation, threshold-based correction, and monitoring. By embedding governance constraints …
A Socio-Computational Framework For Understanding Information Campaigns Through A Collective Action Perspective, Sayantan Bhattacharya
A Socio-Computational Framework For Understanding Information Campaigns Through A Collective Action Perspective, Sayantan Bhattacharya
Theses and Dissertations
In a time when social media significantly influences public dialogue, grasping the elements that contribute to the success of information campaigns has become vital for understanding modern social movements and political engagement. This dissertation explores the essential factors that affect the efficacy of information campaigns across digital platforms, addressing a notable gap in existing research that frequently neglects the systematic connection between information spread and outcomes of collective action. Instead of viewing these as distinct phenomena, this study constructs an integrated framework that highlights three crucial dimensions of successful information campaigns: the human factor, which emphasizes the role of influential …
Reflective Telemetry Replay For Performance Analysis In Extended Reality, Atit Kharel
Reflective Telemetry Replay For Performance Analysis In Extended Reality, Atit Kharel
Theses and Dissertations
Extended Reality (XR) environments are increasingly used for training, simulation, and skill development. However, conventional feedback mechanisms such as summary performance scores or first-person video recordings often lack the spatial and contextual detail necessary to support effective reflective learning. As a result, users may observe what occurred during an immersive task without fully understanding how their movement strategies and navigation decisions influenced performance outcomes. This work presents DataEcho, a telemetry-driven replay framework designed to capture, store, and reconstruct structured XR session data for interactive performance review and behavioral analysis. The system records frame-level telemetry from Unity-based XR applications, including object …
Monotone Traveling Waves In A General Discrete Model For Populations With K-Generation Long-Term Memory, Austin Kernel Sanders
Monotone Traveling Waves In A General Discrete Model For Populations With K-Generation Long-Term Memory, Austin Kernel Sanders
Theses and Dissertations
We investigate the spatial dynamics of a population modeled by a general discrete integrodifference equation incorporating k-generation long-term memory. While classical models rely solely on the im- mediately preceding state to determine population growth and dispersal, introducing multiple past states causes the associated evolution operator to lose compactness. Consequently, standard fixed- point theorems are insufficient to prove the existence of traveling wave solutions. We overcome this difficulty by constructing a time-independent moving frame operator and employing the monotone iteration method. By assuming the fecundity function is locally Lipschitz, bounded, and nondecreasing on a specified interval, and by relaxing continuity requirements …
Automated Evaluation Of Web Accessibility In Cybersecurity Tools, William Robert Cox
Automated Evaluation Of Web Accessibility In Cybersecurity Tools, William Robert Cox
Theses and Dissertations
Screen reader users face significant barriers when using web-based cybersecurity tools, however, the accessibility of these interfaces has received minimal systematic research attention. Existing automated evaluation tools assess Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) conformance but do not measure the practical operability of complex and domain-specific interfaces for users of assistive technology. This dissertation presents the Deciphering Interfaces for Your Accessibility (DIYA) framework, an open-source automated auditing framework that evaluates cybersecurity tool web interfaces across eight normalized dimensions: WCAG conformance, Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) usage, semantic structure, keyboard operability, form accessibility, dynamic content accessibility, interaction cost, and screen reader readiness. …
The Cost Of Compassion: Mixed Methods Insights Into Healthcare Chaplains’ Experiences Of Workplace Violence, Dana Fachner
The Cost Of Compassion: Mixed Methods Insights Into Healthcare Chaplains’ Experiences Of Workplace Violence, Dana Fachner
Theses and Dissertations
Healthcare workers’ exposure to workplace violence has been well documented, with research emphasizing both its frequency and severity among clinical staff like physicians and nurses. Still, one group remains markedly overlooked: healthcare chaplains. Despite their frequent presence in high-stress, unpredictable, and emotionally charged situations, chaplains have never before been included in research regarding healthcare workers’ exposure to workplace violence. Healthcare chaplains provide spiritual and emotional care to patients, families, and staff by offering support that is culturally sensitive and appropriate to patients’ religious traditions. Chaplains collaborate with medical teams to deliver holistic care and are involved in a wide range …
Engagement Modeling And Inference For Risk-Aware Path Planning Under Adversarial Uncertainty, Grant Stagg
Engagement Modeling And Inference For Risk-Aware Path Planning Under Adversarial Uncertainty, Grant Stagg
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation develops methods for planning safe and efficient trajectories for autonomous vehicles operating in environments containing adversarial and environmental threats with uncertain parameters. The central objective is to quantify and control the risk of adverse events--such as interception or detection--when threat characteristics are imperfectly known. To address this challenge, probabilistic weapon engagement zone (PEZ) models are introduced to estimate the likelihood of violating adversarial engagement constraints under uncertainty in pursuer state and capabilities. Multiple computational strategies are developed for PEZ evaluation, including first-order sensitivity-based approximations, Monte Carlo estimation, and neural-network surrogate models. These approaches enable rapid engagement-probability assessment and …
A Clinical Risk Index For 30-Day Psychiatric Readmissions, Kenneth Theodore Kinter
A Clinical Risk Index For 30-Day Psychiatric Readmissions, Kenneth Theodore Kinter
Theses and Dissertations
The purposes of this descriptive, retroactive, and quantitative study were to create a risk index to predict 30-day readmissions to a state psychiatric hospital and to lend clarity to the conflicting research on 30-day readmissions. This study assessed discharges from 2006-2019 (N = 4,555) across over 28 variables ranging from patient, hospital, and discharge domains. This study created a model comprised of significant variables and converted it into a weighted risk index. These significant variables included: circulatory disease diagnosis, previous admissions to hospital, number of psychiatric diagnoses, region of discharge, PACT referral, and level of placement. The resulting index predicted …