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A Structural Dynamic Analysis Of A Manduca Sexta Forewing, Travis W. Sims
A Structural Dynamic Analysis Of A Manduca Sexta Forewing, Travis W. Sims
Theses and Dissertations
Micro air vehicles (MAVs) are intended for future intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance use. To adequately fulfill a clandestine capacity, MAVs must operate in close proximity to their intended target without eliciting counter-observation. This objective, along with DARPA’s constraint of a sub-15 centimeter span, requires future MAVs to mimic insect appearance and flight characteristics. This thesis describes an experimental method for conducting a structural analysis of a Manduca Sexta (hawkmoth) forewing. Geometry is captured via computed tomography (CT), and frequency data is collected using laser vibrometry in air and vacuum. A finite element (FE) model is constructed using quadratic beams and …
Mission Analysis And Design For Space Based Inter-Satellite Laser Power Beaming, Nicholas M. Keller
Mission Analysis And Design For Space Based Inter-Satellite Laser Power Beaming, Nicholas M. Keller
Theses and Dissertations
This research effort develops an interdisciplinary design tool to optimize an orbit for the purpose of wirelessly beaming power from the International Space Stations (ISS) Japanese Experimental Module Exposed Facility (JEM/EF) to a target satellite. For the purpose of this initiative, the target satellite will be referred to as FalconSAT6, a reference to the proposed follow-on satellite to the U.S. Air Force Academy’s (USAFA) FalconSAT5 program. The USAFA FalconSAT program provides cadets an opportunity to design, analyze, build, test and operate small satellites to conduct Department of Defense (DoD) space missions. The tool developed for this research is designed to …
Development Of Measures To Assess Product Modularity And Reconfigurability, Amie C. Stryker
Development Of Measures To Assess Product Modularity And Reconfigurability, Amie C. Stryker
Theses and Dissertations
Several fundamental benefits of modularity are agreed upon by industry including reusability, flexibility, reconfigurability and extensibility. Interfaces within or between modules which establish provide/depend relationships are the focus of current modularity measures. This research outlines a new method and measures for assessing product modularity in terms of degree of coupling and the recognized modularity benefits. A five–step analysis process is developed and used to guide the modularity assessment. Defining and decomposing products are performed first. Using the resultant functional model from the first step, the identified functions are mapped to modules in a product in the second step. In the …
Environmental Life Cycle Assessment Of Coal-Biomass To Liquid Jet Fuel Compared To Petroleum-Derived Jp-8 Jet Fuel, Wayne C. Kinsel
Environmental Life Cycle Assessment Of Coal-Biomass To Liquid Jet Fuel Compared To Petroleum-Derived Jp-8 Jet Fuel, Wayne C. Kinsel
Theses and Dissertations
The United States (U.S.) imported 57% of the petroleum products that it consumed in 2008. The Department of Defense (DOD) and in particular, the United States Air Force (USAF), consumes a large amount of oil to support the mission of defending the U.S. According to the USAF energy policy, by 2016, the Air Force (AF) must be prepared to cost competitively acquire 50% of its domestic aviation fuel requirement via an alternative fuel blend in which the alternative component is derived from domestic sources produced in a manner that is “greener” than fuels produced from conventional petroleum. This study employed …
High Volume Air Sampling For Viral Aerosols: A Comparative Approach, Casey W. Cooper
High Volume Air Sampling For Viral Aerosols: A Comparative Approach, Casey W. Cooper
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force has high volume biological air sampling equipment available including the XMX/2L-MIL and DFU-1000. Neither system has been evaluated for effectiveness in the collection of viruses. Furthermore, decontamination methods have not been evaluated for these systems after use in sampling for a viral agent. MS2 bacteriophage was used as a surrogate virus. Aerosolized MS2 was released into a 12 m3 exposure chamber. High and moderate airborne concentrations of MS2 were evaluated. Low volume impingers were used for comparative purposes as well. Samples were analyzed using plaque assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). At high viral loads …
Method Of Measuring The Economic Impact Of A Radiological Dispersal Event Within An Urban Environment, Antoine N. Munfakh
Method Of Measuring The Economic Impact Of A Radiological Dispersal Event Within An Urban Environment, Antoine N. Munfakh
Theses and Dissertations
A radiological dispersal event (RDE) is the result of a Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) or a dirty bomb. An RDD is a low‐yield conventional bomb surrounded by radiological material (RM) such as Cesium‐137 or Cobalt‐60. Upon detonation, the blast of the conventional explosive is designed to spread the RM over a wide area. The RM will then be inhaled or ingested by people, or otherwise absorbed into the environment. An RDD is an affordable, feasible, and economically devastating option for terrorist groups. Possible RM could be stolen or acquired cheaply from the millions of radioactive sources used worldwide in industry, …
Particulate Characterization And Control Evaluation For Carbon Fiber Composite Aircraft Crash Recovery Operations, Matthew R. Ferreri
Particulate Characterization And Control Evaluation For Carbon Fiber Composite Aircraft Crash Recovery Operations, Matthew R. Ferreri
Theses and Dissertations
Within the United States Air Force (USAF) Advanced Composite Material (ACM) is gaining an increasing use in military aircraft. With the number of aircraft that have increasingly large amounts of ACM materials, the probability of an incident with one of these aircraft also increases. When such an incident occurs the aircraft needs to be disassembled, removed, and later inspected as part of the accident investigation process. This disassembly process is termed “Crash Recovery Operations.” Carbon fibers have been shown to be hazardous to human health and a pilot study raised the suspicion that nanosized aerosol may be generated during the …
Low Dose Sarin Leads To Murine Cardiac Dysfunction, Michael W. Horenziak
Low Dose Sarin Leads To Murine Cardiac Dysfunction, Michael W. Horenziak
Theses and Dissertations
It has been reported that low dose sarin is associated with long-term pathology in the brain and heart; however, the effects of sarin on the heart have yet to be determined. In addition, sarin has been implicated as an etiological agent in Gulf War Illness. Thus, the role of sarin in producing illness has important military consequences. This study used echocardiography, electrocardiography, and histology to determine sarin’s effect on the murine cardiovascular system. C57BL/6J mice were injected with sarin at 0.4 LD50, 0.5 LD50, or saline on two consecutive days and studied for 10 weeks post exposure. The sarin animals …
Gadolinium Oxide/Silicon Thin Film Heterojunction Solid-State Neutron Detector, Christopher M. Young
Gadolinium Oxide/Silicon Thin Film Heterojunction Solid-State Neutron Detector, Christopher M. Young
Theses and Dissertations
The internal conversion electron emission from the de-excitation of the Gd-158m nucleus was explored as a means for neutron detection. Thin film gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) and p-type silicon heterojunction diodes were produced using a supercritical water deposition process. Pulse height spectroscopy was conducted on the novel diodes while they were subjected to a moderated plutonium-beryllium (PuBe) source flux of 104 thermal neutrons/cm2 s. Coincident gamma spectroscopy was employed to verify the 1107.6 keV photon emissions from the diode indicative of successful neutron capture by Gd-157 and the subsequent de-excitation of the Gd-158m nucleus. Neutron …
The Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Catalyzed Alkylation Of Imidazolyl Ketones And Aryl Acetates And Their Applications To Total Synthesis, Michael Andrew Christiansen
The Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Catalyzed Alkylation Of Imidazolyl Ketones And Aryl Acetates And Their Applications To Total Synthesis, Michael Andrew Christiansen
Theses and Dissertations
Phase-transfer catalysts derived from the cinchona alkaloids cinchonine and cinchonidine are widely used in the asymmetric alkylation of substrates bearing moieties that resonance stabilize their enolates. The investigation of α-oxygenated esters revealed decreased α-proton acidity, indicating the oxygen's overall destabilizing effect on enolates by electron-pair repulsion. Alkylation of α-oxygenated aryl ketones with various alkyl halides proved successful with a cinchonidine catalyst, giving products with high yield and enantioselectivity. The resulting compounds were converted to esters through modified Baeyer-Villiger oxidation. Alkylation with indolyl electrophiles gave products that underwent decomposition under Baeyer-Villiger conditions. Alternative N-methylimidazolyl ketones were explored. Alkylated imidazolyl ketones, obtained …
Proposing A Purpose: Rhetorical Paideia Goals For First Year Composition, Lauren Everett Johnson
Proposing A Purpose: Rhetorical Paideia Goals For First Year Composition, Lauren Everett Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
First Year Composition (FYC) instructors are often left to puzzle out the larger meaning of the most ubiquitous course in our field for themselves; consequently, goals for the course are frequently selected by the instructor, and are not always most effective for laying a groundwork of lifelong learning and education, or paideia. This lack of clear and unifying goals for the course is illustrated by a piece of 2005 scholarship that points to multiple focuses for FYC, each different in its values and aims. FYC is an important course for students, not only because it is one of only …
Multi-Objective Constraint Satisfaction For Mobile Robot Area Defense, Kenneth W. Mayo
Multi-Objective Constraint Satisfaction For Mobile Robot Area Defense, Kenneth W. Mayo
Theses and Dissertations
In developing multi-robot cooperative systems, there are often competing objectives that need to be met. For example in automating area defense systems, multiple robots must work together to explore the entire area, and maintain consistent communications to alert the other agents and ensure trust in the system. This research presents an algorithm that tasks robots to meet the two specific goals of exploration and communication maintenance in an uncoordinated environment reducing the need for a user to pre-balance the objectives. This multi-objective problem is defined as a constraint satisfaction problem solved using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). Both …
Evaluation Of Alternative Technologies To Supply Drinking Water To Marines In Forward Deployed Locations, Derek R. George
Evaluation Of Alternative Technologies To Supply Drinking Water To Marines In Forward Deployed Locations, Derek R. George
Theses and Dissertations
With recent increases, there are approximately 20,000 Marines deployed in the Helmand Province of Afghanistan. The cost of delivering bottled water to the troops is rapidly becoming unsustainable and convoys delivering bottled water are vulnerable to Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). Currently, raw water from indigenous sources, which has chemical and microbiological contaminants, is treated with reverse osmosis (RO), but only used for hygiene, with bottled water used for drinking. Due to the economic costs and risks to life of providing bottled water, decision-makers need to evaluate technology alternatives to treat raw water to supply safe drinking water. In this study, …
Modeling The Fate Of Groundwater Contaminants Resulting From Leakage Of Butanol-Blended Fuel, Khai H. Vuong
Modeling The Fate Of Groundwater Contaminants Resulting From Leakage Of Butanol-Blended Fuel, Khai H. Vuong
Theses and Dissertations
Fuel spills and leaks from storage tanks can contaminate groundwater. Typically in groundwater, hazardous aromatic hydrocarbons like benzene are attenuated through natural processes. However, it is possible that adding butanol to gasoline will interfere with these natural attenuation processes, so that spills and leaks of alternative fuels containing biobutanol may result in more persistent hazardous aromatic hydrocarbon plumes. This effect has already been observed with ethanol, which is currently added to gasoline. A numerical model was developed to simulate the subsurface fate and transport of butanol-blended fuel to assess the potential impacts of butanol on the natural attenuation of benzene. …
Optimization Of Environmental Conditions To Maximize Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Through Algal Growth, Kenneth M. Karcher
Optimization Of Environmental Conditions To Maximize Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Through Algal Growth, Kenneth M. Karcher
Theses and Dissertations
The micro-alga Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated under a variety of environmental conditions in various culture media solutions to assess and optimize growth rate and biomass productivity. Efforts during this work investigated growth parameters at the micro-scale in an air-lift bubble system with the goal of interpreting performance characteristics that can be applied to a larger serpentine tubular Photo-bioreactor. Maximum growth rates and biomass yields were 0.65 d-1 and 2.003 g biomass/L and achieved in seven days using urea in de-ionized water under a 24:0 Photoperiod (Light:Dark). Additionally, growth rates and biomass yields of 0.65 d-1 and 1.964 g …
An Evaluation Of A Networked Radiation Detection System, Leif A. Hansen
An Evaluation Of A Networked Radiation Detection System, Leif A. Hansen
Theses and Dissertations
First responders assess a Nuclear/Radiological (NUCRAD) event in a timely and accurate manner by creating a site characterization that reflects the location of various levels of contamination based on their instruments’ readings. The survey team experiences difficulty in accurately recording this critical data due to the challenge of operating multiple devices and communicating the devices’ readings to other survey members. First responders produce a representation of the contamination or activity on a map that contain rings outlining the levels of activity and/or single locations of a single activity. Recently, several agencies began creating software programs that record a first responder’s …
Evolutionary Artificial Neural Network Weight Tuning To Optimize Decision Making For An Abstract Game, Corey M. Miller
Evolutionary Artificial Neural Network Weight Tuning To Optimize Decision Making For An Abstract Game, Corey M. Miller
Theses and Dissertations
Abstract strategy games present a deterministic perfect information environment with which to test the strategic capabilities of artificial intelligence systems. With no unknowns or random elements, only the competitors’ performances impact the results. This thesis takes one such game, Lines of Action, and attempts to develop a competitive heuristic. Due to the complexity of Lines of Action, artificial neural networks are utilized to model the relative values of board states. An application, pLoGANN (Parallel Lines of Action with Genetic Algorithm and Neural Networks), is developed to train the weights of this neural network by implementing a genetic algorithm over a …
Conceptual Design Tool For Fuel-Cell Powered Micro Air Vehicles, Paul M. Hrad
Conceptual Design Tool For Fuel-Cell Powered Micro Air Vehicles, Paul M. Hrad
Theses and Dissertations
A conceptual design tool was built to explore power requirements of a hybrid-power system for Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) comparable in size to the Cooper's Hawk. An inviscid aerodynamic code, Athena Vortex Lattice (AVL), and a motor-propeller analysis code, QPROP, provide overall lift, drag, and thrust data for power-required calculation as functions of many variables to include mass, platform geometry, altitude, velocity, and mission duration. Phoenix Technologies’ Model Center was used to integrate multi-disciplinary components that employ specific power and specific energy of two power sources to determine power system mass required for a designated mission. The tool simulated a …
Gene Expression Patterns In Flea Vectors Of Yersinia Pestis, Wei Zhou
Gene Expression Patterns In Flea Vectors Of Yersinia Pestis, Wei Zhou
Theses and Dissertations
Plague bacteria (Yersinia pestis) are transmitted to susceptible mammals by fleas. At least 25 flea species found in North America have been identified as plague vectors. The most efficient flea vector is the Oriental rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis, while the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis is a poor vector. The factors that determine vector competence of different fleas are not known. The main obstacles that the bacteria must overcome in the flea gut are also unknown. Fleas' molecular responses to Y. pestis invading could be a determining factor to control the bacterial survival and growth. Good and poor …
Historic Fire Regimes On Eastern Great Basin (Usa) Mountains Reconstructed From Tree Rings, Stanley G. Kitchen
Historic Fire Regimes On Eastern Great Basin (Usa) Mountains Reconstructed From Tree Rings, Stanley G. Kitchen
Theses and Dissertations
Management of natural landscapes requires knowledge of key disturbance processes and their effects. Fire and forest histories provide valuable insight into how fire and vegetation varied and interacted in the past. I constructed multi-century fire chronologies for 10 sites on six mountain ranges representative of the eastern Great Basin (USA), a region in which historic fire information was lacking. I also constructed tree recruitment chronologies for two sites. I use these chronologies to address three research foci. First, using fire-scar data from four heterogeneous sites, I assert that mean fire interval (MFI) values calculated from composite chronologies provide suitable estimates …
Bayesian And Frequentist Approaches For The Analysis Of Multiple Endpoints Data Resulting From Exposure To Multiple Health Stressors., Epiphanie Nyirabahizi
Bayesian And Frequentist Approaches For The Analysis Of Multiple Endpoints Data Resulting From Exposure To Multiple Health Stressors., Epiphanie Nyirabahizi
Theses and Dissertations
In risk analysis, Benchmark dose (BMD)methodology is used to quantify the risk associated with exposure to stressors such as environmental chemicals. It consists of fitting a mathematical model to the exposure data and the BMD is the dose expected to result in a pre-specified response or benchmark response (BMR). Most available exposure data are from single chemical exposure, but living objects are exposed to multiple sources of hazards. Furthermore, in some studies, researchers may observe multiple endpoints on one subject. Statistical approaches to address multiple endpoints problem can be partitioned into a dimension reduction group and a dimension preservative group. …
Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy And Density Functional Theory Study Of Weak Interactions Of Metal Carbonyls And Organic Solvents, Carolyn Evans Sheffield
Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy And Density Functional Theory Study Of Weak Interactions Of Metal Carbonyls And Organic Solvents, Carolyn Evans Sheffield
Theses and Dissertations
Pulsed laser flash photolysis of M(CO)6 (M = Cr, W) in cyclohexane with a small amount of benzene results in three sequential reactions. The first is the photodissociation of the parent to yield a M(CO)5:C6H12 complex, which takes place faster than the time resolution of our experiments. The second reaction is the replacement of the cyclohexane ligand with benzene to form a M(CO)5:C6H6 complex, in which benzene is coordinated to the metal via one side of the ring. This complex then falls apart in solution as M(CO)5 coordinates with a trace impurity in the solution that is likely water. Kinetic …
Part I: Evaluation Of Student Assessment Of Learning Gains (Salg)In Two Different Biology 100 Classes Part 2: What Biology Concepts Are Important In General Education?: Analysis Of Seventeen Core Concepts, Jessica Marie Rosenvall Howelle
Part I: Evaluation Of Student Assessment Of Learning Gains (Salg)In Two Different Biology 100 Classes Part 2: What Biology Concepts Are Important In General Education?: Analysis Of Seventeen Core Concepts, Jessica Marie Rosenvall Howelle
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this two-part study is to examine how to improve introductory level non-majors biology courses to improve student attitude and learning gains in the sciences. The first part of this study examines the collective effect of three different pedagogies (service learning, concept mapping and guest lectures) on student attitude and learning gains in a freshman, non-majors biology course. Two classes, one with the three pedagogies, and one without, were compared. Data were collected from two classes in Fall 2008 (one treatment and one control) and two similar classes replicated in Fall 2009. Learning and attitude gains were measured …
Payment Of Advanced Placement Exam Fees By Virginia Public School Divisions And Its Impact On Advanced Placement Enrollment And Scores, Mary Grupe Cirillo
Payment Of Advanced Placement Exam Fees By Virginia Public School Divisions And Its Impact On Advanced Placement Enrollment And Scores, Mary Grupe Cirillo
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of Virginia school divisions’ policy of paying the fee for students to take Advanced Placement exams on Advanced Placement course enrollment, the number of Advanced Placement exams taken by students, the average scores earned and the percent of students earning qualifying scores of 3, 4, or 5 on Advanced Placement exams. The hierarchical regression models utilized Advanced Placement scores and school demographic data provided by the Virginia Department of Education combined with survey data on Advanced Placement policies and the number years that exam fees had been paid collected from …
Role Of Jak/Stat Pathway In The Pathogenesis Of Breast Cancer, Qifang Zhang
Role Of Jak/Stat Pathway In The Pathogenesis Of Breast Cancer, Qifang Zhang
Theses and Dissertations
The Jak/Stat signaling cascade mediates cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis and immune responses. Aberrant activation of this pathway mediates neoplastic transformation and abnormal growth of many malignancies including breast cancer, the most common cancer among women, and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women in United States. The mechanism by which the Jak/Stat pathway modulates the pathogenesis of breast cancer is unclear. This dissertation elucidates roles of Jak/Stat members that mediate the pathogenesis of breast cancer. For these studies, we used 4T1 mouse mammary tumor cells as a model which mimics human breast cancer. First, we investigated the …
Extracellular Matrix Based Substrates For Propagation Of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells, Sheena Abraham
Extracellular Matrix Based Substrates For Propagation Of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells, Sheena Abraham
Theses and Dissertations
In human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) research and applications, the need for a culture system devoid of non-human components is crucial. Such a system should exhibit characteristics observed in conventional culture systems that have used mouse embryonic fibroblast feeders for hPSC self renewal without the requirement of excessive supplementation with growth factors. To achieve this, we focused on the identification and characterization of extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates for hPSC propagation. ECM substrates derived from mouse and human fibroblasts were assessed for their ability to support self-renewal of hPSCs. Characterization of hPSCs on ECM-based substrates demonstrated maintenance of pluripotent characteristics based …
Recapitulating Osteoblastogenesis With Electrospun Fibrinogen Nanofibers And Adipose Stem Cells And Electrospinning Adipose Tissue-Derived Basement Membrane, Michael Francis
Theses and Dissertations
To repair, replace, or regenerate damaged or diseased tissue has been a long-standing, albeit elusive, goal in medical research. Here, we characterize patient-derivable mesenchymal stem cell types, termed adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). These cells, which can be derived from liposuction fat and lipoaspirate saline, are sources for patient-derivable extracellular matrix (ECM), fibrinogen (Fg) and adipose tissue extracellular matrix, and may prove useful for synthesizing new bone tissue analogues in vitro. Traditionally and rapidly isolated ASCs were thoroughly characterized as multipotent, having osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potential, and they exhibited comparable proliferative lifespans. These ASCs also shared an indistinguishable immunophenotype …
The Heat Capacity And Thermodynamic Properties Of The Iron Oxides And Their Relation To The Mineral Core Of The Iron Storage Protein Ferritin, Claine Lindsey Morton Snow
The Heat Capacity And Thermodynamic Properties Of The Iron Oxides And Their Relation To The Mineral Core Of The Iron Storage Protein Ferritin, Claine Lindsey Morton Snow
Theses and Dissertations
The iron oxides are a group of materials with geological, biological, and technological importance. A thermodynamic understanding of these materials is important because it provides information about their relative stabilities, chemical reactivity, and transformations. This study provides the heat capacity of a nanocrystalline magnetite (Fe3O4) sample, bulk hematite (α-Fe2O3), nanocrystalline hematite, akaganéite (β-FeOOH), and lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) at temperatures as low as 0.5 K. These measurements were fit to theoretical functions at temperatures lower than 15 K, and the respective thermophysical properties of these materials are discussed. Also the molar entropies of bulk hematite and hydrous nanocrystalline hematite as well as …
A Legal Policy Analysis: The Current And Prospective Regulatory Framework For Renewable Energy And Energy Efficiency In Egypt, Karam J. Abulzahab
A Legal Policy Analysis: The Current And Prospective Regulatory Framework For Renewable Energy And Energy Efficiency In Egypt, Karam J. Abulzahab
Theses and Dissertations
Egypt has excellent natural conditions for the generation of electricity from Renewable Energy (RE) sources. It has in particular an immense potential for solar and wind energy. At the same time, an Egyptian energy crisis is emerging. Conventional domestic energy sources are declining and thus, Egypt will have to rely increasingly on costly imported energy in the near future. In addition, energy efficient (EE) consumption is an almost unknown term within the Egyptian society. Experts project for Egypt an energy saving potential of approximately 70%. Therefore, the promotion of RE & EE could be a successful policy instrument to mitigate …
Gender And Leadership In Egypt's Public Sector: The Case Of The Ministry Of Finance, Ola Gamil El Taliawi
Gender And Leadership In Egypt's Public Sector: The Case Of The Ministry Of Finance, Ola Gamil El Taliawi
Theses and Dissertations
There is a radical difference in the number of males versus females in leading positions around the world, both in public and private business structures. This may reflect an underlying perception that women are not apt to lead and if put in leadership positions, they would be less competent and not as qualified as men. The purpose of this study was to answer the main research question of whether leadership style differences exist between Egyptian men and women working in the public sector in Egypt, taking the case of mid-level managers in the Ministry of Finance. The objective was to …