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Into The Tangled Web: K-12 Educators, Free Speech Rights, And Social Media, John David Andrews
Into The Tangled Web: K-12 Educators, Free Speech Rights, And Social Media, John David Andrews
Theses and Dissertations
Much attention has recently been given to K-12 educators and their use of social media. This quantitative study surveyed a targeted sample (n = 543) of known social media users to learn about K-12 educators’ use of social media, their legal knowledge of the First Amendment as it relates to free speech and education, and their dispositions toward the First Amendment. Survey respondents self-reported levels of social media use, completed a legal knowledge section, and responded to a series of items used to gauge their disposition toward the First Amendment. These were analyzed through various demographic and contextual factors in …
A Longitudinal Study Of The Effect Of At Birth Adoptions On Anxiety, Stress Hormones And Adolescent Alcohol Intake: A Nonhuman Primate Model, Whitney Faith Maxwell
A Longitudinal Study Of The Effect Of At Birth Adoptions On Anxiety, Stress Hormones And Adolescent Alcohol Intake: A Nonhuman Primate Model, Whitney Faith Maxwell
Theses and Dissertations
Adopted individuals have an increased risk for a variety of psychopathological disorders. Studies of the effects adoption in humans are difficult to perform because of the difficulty separating genetic risk and treatment effects. This is a developmental study investigating the effects of at birth adoption using a nonhuman primate model. Three experimental paradigms were used to assess maternal treatment, stress-related behavior, and physiology late in infancy and again later in life. Rhesus monkeys were reared for their first six months of life by either their biological mother or an unrelated, lactating adult female. Adoptions occurred immediately following birth. At six …
The Biomechanical Implications Of An Intrinsic Decompressive Pre-Load On A Posterior Dynamic Stabilization System, Jeffrey Ellis Harris
The Biomechanical Implications Of An Intrinsic Decompressive Pre-Load On A Posterior Dynamic Stabilization System, Jeffrey Ellis Harris
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of applying an intrinsic decompressive pre-load to a particular dynamic stabilization device on the biomechanical response of the lumbar spine. The FlexSPAR, which supports this ability, was used as a test case. A finite element model of a full lumbar spine was developed and validated against experimental data, and tested in the primary modes of spinal motion. The model was used to compare five lumbar spine test cases: healthy, degenerate, implanted with a pre-loaded device, implanted with a device without a pre-load, and implanted with rigid fixators. Results indicated that …
A Comparison Of Methods Of Analysis To Control For Confounding In A Cohort Study Of A Dietary Intervention, Esinhart Hali
A Comparison Of Methods Of Analysis To Control For Confounding In A Cohort Study Of A Dietary Intervention, Esinhart Hali
Theses and Dissertations
Comparing samples from different populations can be biased by confounding. There are several statistical methods that can be used to control for confounding. These include; multiple linear regression, propensity score matching, propensity score/logit of propensity score as a single covariate in a linear regression model, stratified analysis using propensity score quintiles, weighted analysis using propensity scores or trimmed scores. The data were from two studies of a dietary intervention (FIBERR and RNP). The outcome variable was change from baseline to one month for eight outcome measures; fat, fiber, and fruits/ vegetables behavior, fat, fiber, and fruits/vegetables intentions, fat and fruits/vegetables …
Canopy Effects On Tropical Leaf Litter Arthropods, Theodore Peter Sumnicht
Canopy Effects On Tropical Leaf Litter Arthropods, Theodore Peter Sumnicht
Theses and Dissertations
Changes in canopy structure, which are likely to occur at faster rates due to climate change, affect leaf litter structure and the ecology of litter-dwelling organisms. One such change is the increased abundance of lianas in tropical forest canopies. Here, I quantify effects of these changes on tropical leaf litter arthropod communities by surveying patches of Panamanian forest where lianas have been removed, and experimentally isolating two aspects of the litter environment affected by canopy structure: incident light and litter depth. Increased litter produced by liana cutting resulted in increases in ant species richness and arthropod abundance. Structural complexity was …
Relationship Of Demographic Characteristics And Bmi With Health Literacy In Pacific Islander Care-Giving Adults, Sharla E. Morgan
Relationship Of Demographic Characteristics And Bmi With Health Literacy In Pacific Islander Care-Giving Adults, Sharla E. Morgan
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: Health literacy and obesity are major global issues. Vulnerable populations, such as those with low health literacy, have the highest rates of obesity. Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander (NHOPI) nations have the highest prevalence of obesity in the world. This study describes the relationship between health literacy and demographic variables in a sample of NHOPI caregiving adults. Methods: We conducted a correlational study of 364 NHOPI adults. Each was a caregiver of at least one NHOPI child. Data were collected at grocery stores and a preschool in two Hawaiian Islands (n=209) and at NHOPI events in Utah (n=155). …
The Relationship Between Select Demographic Characteristics And Body Mass Index Among Native Hawaiian And Other Pacific Islander Caregiving Adults, Katrina Duncan
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders (NHOPIs) have the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity in the world. This study identified the proportion of our NHOPI sample in each body mass index (BMI) category and explored relationships between demographic characteristics and BMI. Design: This descriptive correlational study included 364 NHOPI caregiver adults in Utah (n=155) and Hawaii (n=209). We gathered demographic information with a questionnaire. Height and weight were measured for BMI calculations. Results: According to the CDC's BMI categories, 84.3% of our sample was overweight (BMI=25.0-29.9) or obese (BMI ≥30). Participants in Utah had significantly higher BMIs than …
To Use Or Not To Use: The Role Of Affect And Cognition In Changing Attitudes Toward Using Condoms Among African American Women, Kristina Hood
To Use Or Not To Use: The Role Of Affect And Cognition In Changing Attitudes Toward Using Condoms Among African American Women, Kristina Hood
Theses and Dissertations
The current project involved three studies designed to examine which characteristics of persuasive communications change condom use attitudes. Study 1 investigated the effect of message type (affective versus cognitive) and source (male versus female) on attitude change among a sample of African American women attending college. In Study 1 (N = 146), the affective message and female source produced the most positive change in condom use attitudes. Study 2 examined whether message type and source were associated with favorable condom attitudes in a community sample and whether these findings differed from a college sample. Twenty-seven women participated in group discussions …
Obesity In The Geriatric Population, Kimberly A. Brown
Obesity In The Geriatric Population, Kimberly A. Brown
Theses and Dissertations
Obesity has been a focus of medical and public health attention for decades; however, a relative paucity of information exists regarding the management of obesity in the geriatric population. It is known that standard, young adult recommendations to manage weight cannot be applied directly to the older population due to the potential of adverse health outcomes, but the most effective strategies are controversial (Heintze et al., 20 l 0). The goal of weight management is unique for this population and poses a challenge for health care providers when managing, treating, and counseling patients. With the current trends of obesity and …
The Role Of A And B Vitamins During Orofacial Development Of Xenopus Laevis, Allyson Kennedy
The Role Of A And B Vitamins During Orofacial Development Of Xenopus Laevis, Allyson Kennedy
Theses and Dissertations
Orofacial anomalies make up about a third of the 120,000 birth defects each year in the United States. Children born with these abnormalities must undergo immense physical and emotional strain in order to correct the defects. In fact, about $697 million is spent every year surgically treating children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (2011). In countries where surgery is not an option, this abnormality causes immense difficulties in eating, hearing, speech, and psychosocial development. The causes of cleft lip/palate are extremely complex. Genetics play a role in the anomaly; however, 95% of cleft palate cases are non-syndromic and likely …
Cohort Membership, Dental Insurance And Utilization Of Dental Services In Adults Age 47 And Over Receiving Dental Care At Virginia Commonwealth University’S School Of Dentistry, Patricia Brown Bonwell
Cohort Membership, Dental Insurance And Utilization Of Dental Services In Adults Age 47 And Over Receiving Dental Care At Virginia Commonwealth University’S School Of Dentistry, Patricia Brown Bonwell
Theses and Dissertations
This cross-sectional, non-experimental study evaluates associations between cohort membership, type of dental coverage, and utilization of dental services in all patients age 47 and over who received dental care at Virginia Commonwealth University’s (VCU) School of Dentistry in 2011. Structural Lag Theory poses that society’s institutions lag behind the actuality of a healthy and capable older adult population. The two dynamisms of the Structural Lag Theory were used for this study. The Dynamism of Changing Lives is represented by Cohort differences. Cohort differences include cohort size, people living longer and retaining more of their natural teeth along with different attitudes …
Weighing In On Teacher Attitudes Of Obese Students: A Descriptive Correlational Design, Angelina Pecoraro
Weighing In On Teacher Attitudes Of Obese Students: A Descriptive Correlational Design, Angelina Pecoraro
Theses and Dissertations
The primary purpose of this study was to investigate teacher attitudes towards obese students. The investigation focused on the correlation between (a) attitudes and beliefs about obese students; and (b) predictive abilities of participant's self-esteem with attitudes and beliefs. The three surveys utilized in this study were: (a) Attitudes Toward Obese Persons Scale (Allison, Basile, & Yuker, 1991) (b) Beliefs About Obese Persons (Allison et al., 1991); and (c) Rosenberg Self-Esteem Survey (Rosenberg, 1965). The sample size was 893 certified educators representing all grade levels in Central, Northern, and Southern New Jersey school districts. Respondents were emailed a survey link, …
An Application Of Con-Resistant Trust To Improve The Reliability Of Special Protection Systems Within The Smart Grid, Crystal M. Shipman
An Application Of Con-Resistant Trust To Improve The Reliability Of Special Protection Systems Within The Smart Grid, Crystal M. Shipman
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explores an application of a con-resistant trust mechanism to improve the performance of communications-based special protection systems to further enhance their effectiveness and resiliency. New initiatives in the energy sector are paving the way for the emergent communications-based smart grid technology. Smart grids incorporate modern technologies in an effort to be more reliable and efficient. However, with the benefits of this new technology comes added risk. This research utilizes a con-resistant trust mechanism as a method to quickly identify malicious or malfunctioning protection system nodes in order to mitigate the resulting instabilities in the smart grid. The feasibility …
Content Analysis Of 50 Picture Books For Latino Immigrant Children: Implications For Supportive Bibliotherapy, Robert Jeffrey Gomm
Content Analysis Of 50 Picture Books For Latino Immigrant Children: Implications For Supportive Bibliotherapy, Robert Jeffrey Gomm
Theses and Dissertations
This study analyzed the content of 50 children's picture books, specifically award-winning picture books created for and/or about Latino immigrant children. Familiar artwork, situations, and characters help Latino immigrant children identify with the stories. Information from this analysis will help parents, teachers, and school mental health professions select appropriate books for bibliotherapy aligned with Latino immigrant children's needs. Based on this study's analyses, two resources are included: (a) a list of 20 children's picture books that address four or more Latino immigrant challenges and (b) a handout with common challenges facing immigrant children and books to specifically meet each of …
Exposure To Dietary Selenium And Soy Isoflavones In Utero Provides Greater Protection Against Prostate Cancer Risk Factors In Tramp Mice Than Exposure Beginning At 6 Weeks, Heather Schofield Lindsay
Exposure To Dietary Selenium And Soy Isoflavones In Utero Provides Greater Protection Against Prostate Cancer Risk Factors In Tramp Mice Than Exposure Beginning At 6 Weeks, Heather Schofield Lindsay
Theses and Dissertations
Prostate cancer is the second most commonly occurring cancer in men in the United States. Generally, an extended period of time is needed for a mutation to develop into a full scale tumor. Because of this long latency period, lifestyle and environmental factors, such as diet, may play an important role in the development and progression of the disease. Diet is one factor that has been implicated in the risk for developing prostate cancer. We previously showed that diets high in soy isoflavones and selenium (Se) decreased androgen receptor expression and expression of androgen regulated genes in healthy rat prostates. …
Effect Of Antioxidants And Oxidative Stress On Different Cancer Cell Types, Gaytri Devi Gupta Elera
Effect Of Antioxidants And Oxidative Stress On Different Cancer Cell Types, Gaytri Devi Gupta Elera
Theses and Dissertations
Vaccinium cyanococcus, most commonly known as blueberry, is a fruit native to North America that is known for its unique taste and high antioxidant content. The skin, seed and juice of both organically and conventionally grown blueberry extract were analyzed for antioxidant content using both the Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assays. Results from the Hydrophilic ORAC test showed that conventionally grown blue berries had a higher antioxidant capacity across all samples, while the Lipophilic ORAC assay showed that the antioxidant concentration of organically cultivated blueberry juice was highest, but conventionally grown blueberry seed and skin …
Determination Of Toxic Heavy Metals In Wet Deposition And Ambient Air In Columbus, Ga, Melissa K.M. Nestor
Determination Of Toxic Heavy Metals In Wet Deposition And Ambient Air In Columbus, Ga, Melissa K.M. Nestor
Theses and Dissertations
Atmospheric pollution is one of the most significant and potentially catastrophic environmental issues threatening the United States and the world today. One such source of this pollution is heavy metals. The impact of heavy metal pollution on living organisms can be disastrous, having the potential to cause the deterioration of ecosystems and posing danger to the health and survival of the human race. Chronic and acute human exposure to this type of pollution can damage the proper functioning of vital body organs by inhibiting important neurological pathways. In plants, it essentially acts as a counter-agent to proper growth. In areas …
Otx But Not Mitf Transcription Factors Are Required For Zebrafish Rpe Development, Brandon Lane
Otx But Not Mitf Transcription Factors Are Required For Zebrafish Rpe Development, Brandon Lane
Theses and Dissertations
Mitf and Otx transcription factors have been identified as essential to the development of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), but the relationship between these factors and their specific role in the RPE developmental pathway have not been clearly defined. The role of the two Mitf transcription factors (Mitfa and Mitfb) and two Otx transcription factors (Otx1a and Otx2) in zebrafish RPE development was explored in these experiments. The loss of Mitf activity in mitfa, mitfb, or double mitf null mutant fish lines had no effect on RPE pigmentation or development. The loss of Otx2 activity through morpholino knockdown produced a …
Unbiased Estimation For The Contextual Effect Of Duration Of Adolescent Height Growth On Adulthood Obesity And Health Outcomes Via Hierarchical Linear And Nonlinear Models, Robert Carrico
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation has multiple aims in studying hierarchical linear models in biomedical data analysis. In Chapter 1, the novel idea of studying the durations of adolescent growth spurts as a predictor of adulthood obesity is defined, established, and illustrated. The concept of contextual effects modeling is introduced in this first section as we study secular trend of adulthood obesity and how this trend is mitigated by the durations of individual adolescent growth spurts and the secular average length of adolescent growth spurts. It is found that individuals with longer periods of fast height growth in adolescence are more prone to …
Characteristics Of Soil Heterogeneity And Effectiveness Of Crop Reflectance On Detection Of Corn (Zea Mays L.) Nitrogen Status, Ken J. Hubbard
Characteristics Of Soil Heterogeneity And Effectiveness Of Crop Reflectance On Detection Of Corn (Zea Mays L.) Nitrogen Status, Ken J. Hubbard
Theses and Dissertations
Spatial variations in soil properties can directly affect Nitrogen status of corn (Zea mays L.) and decrease efficiency of uniform fertilizer N applications. The objective of this study was to assess the spatial variations of soil properties and measure the effect on corn Nitrogen status through canopy reflectance. Field trials were conducted in 2010 and 2011 on a producer’s field west of Yazoo City, MS that contained high in field variability. Soil physical and chemical properties all exhibited moderate to high spatial dependency during both years of this study. Vegetative indices were derived from canopy reflectance values and indices utilizing …
Assessment Of Management Factors Prior To Breeding And Their Impact On Bovine Fertility, Kathryn Erin Pfeiffer
Assessment Of Management Factors Prior To Breeding And Their Impact On Bovine Fertility, Kathryn Erin Pfeiffer
Theses and Dissertations
Management of female infertility is a primary determinant of economic efficiency in the cattle industry. Management factors involved in impacting fertility include identification of females with suboptimal fertility and reducing the period of anestrus, prior to pubescence and after parturition. The use of anti-Müllerian hormone in the identification of females with suboptimal follicular populations allows for selection of females with optimal follicular populations and could reduce infertility resulting from a decrease in the quantity of follicles. A reduction in the period of anestrus also impacts fertility and management strategies that induce an ovulatory response in anestrous females improves fertility. Biostimulation …
Effects Of Soybean-Derived Phytoestrogens On Reproductive Tract Development In Neonatal Male And Female Pigs:, Kevin Wade Necaise
Effects Of Soybean-Derived Phytoestrogens On Reproductive Tract Development In Neonatal Male And Female Pigs:, Kevin Wade Necaise
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of orally administered soy-derived extracts on normal reproductive development in neonatal pigs as a model for infants on soy formula. Yorkshire-Landrace crossbred sows were randomly assigned to a lactating diet supplemented with either Novasoy 70 or without. Feed was top-dressed from d 100 of gestation until farrowing. Neonatal pigs (NPs) were weighed on post natal day (PND) six then randomly assigned to one of four treatments 1) control, 2) estradiol, 3) low, or 4) high genistein dose. This study demonstrates that oral exposure of NPs to estradiol but not genistein …
An Applied Investigation Of Corn-Based Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles In The Production Of Natural Fiber-Plastic Composites, Hugo Eudosio Castillo
An Applied Investigation Of Corn-Based Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles In The Production Of Natural Fiber-Plastic Composites, Hugo Eudosio Castillo
Theses and Dissertations
The main objective of this research was to examine uses for distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), a coproduct of ethanol production plant, in the fiber-reinforced plastic composites industry. Initially the effort intended to take advantage of the DDGS components, using chemical reactions, to produce coupling agents to improve the physical properties of the composite. Four different chemicals plus water were used to convert proteins into soluble amino acids. The results were not as expected, and appeared to show an early pyrolysis of DDGS components. This may be due to regeneration of proteins when pH of solutions is neutralized. Procedures …
The Effect Of Regular Participation In An After-School Program On Student Achievement, Attendance, And Behavior, Andrea Sheree Pastchal-Temple
The Effect Of Regular Participation In An After-School Program On Student Achievement, Attendance, And Behavior, Andrea Sheree Pastchal-Temple
Theses and Dissertations
Many school districts are using research-based strategies to increase student achievement. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was created and implemented to assist all students becoming proficient in reading and mathematics by 2014. One strategy many school districts implemented includes an after-school program. One school district in Mississippi operated an after-school program to help increase the academic achievement of 7th and 8th grade students scoring minimal and basic on the MCT2. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of regular participation in an after-school program on indicators of student academic achievement. The dependent variables for …
The Impact Of Organochlorine Pesticides And Lipid Biomarkers On Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Paul Robert Eden
The Impact Of Organochlorine Pesticides And Lipid Biomarkers On Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Paul Robert Eden
Theses and Dissertations
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is classified as a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia that results from defects in insulin action and/or secretion, and currently affects 8.3% of the US population according to the CDC’s 2011 National Diabetes Fact Sheet. Several contributing factors have been identified to development of this disease. Published evidence indicates type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients display lower overall paraoxonase activity and that this may be partially due to genetic variations in the paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) gene. Some bioaccumulative organochlorine (OC) pesticides have been shown to contribute to increased T2DM prevalence. In addition, these OC compound levels …
Roles Of Vitamin D And Calcium In Cancer And Diet History Of Vitamin D And Calcium In Cancer Patients And Participants Without Cancer, Gwendolyn Mcneely Howard
Roles Of Vitamin D And Calcium In Cancer And Diet History Of Vitamin D And Calcium In Cancer Patients And Participants Without Cancer, Gwendolyn Mcneely Howard
Theses and Dissertations
Vitamin D and calcium play major roles in our bone health in addition to roles in tissues and cells. These roles in tissues and cells are associated with some cancers. The purpose of this study was to determine attitudes of cancer patients towards their dietary intakes of vitamin D and calcium. A questionnaire was completed by 128 volunteers (mean age=53.5 years±16.6, 94 women, 34 men) from the Montgomery Cancer Clinic in Montgomery, Alabama. Cancer-reporting participants (n=59) were likely to agree more (p=0.048) to the statement, “I try to eat healthy every day” compared to non-cancer reporting participants (n=69) on a …
Oil Related Environmental Degradation And Human Displacement: Case Study Of Niger Delta Nigeria, Joshua Onyemachi
Oil Related Environmental Degradation And Human Displacement: Case Study Of Niger Delta Nigeria, Joshua Onyemachi
Theses and Dissertations
Oil wealth enriches Nigeria, but it has not improved the lives of the majority of the masses living in the oil-bearing areas of the Niger Delta. Niger Delta region has been exposed to environmental risks that have caused many to lose their means of livelihood, triggering high level of poverty in the region. This study examines the impact of oil-related environmental problems and how it has induced human displacement in the Niger Delta. Furthermore, it examined the efficacy of the Nigerian environmental policies as it related to the oil-bearing areas. The research found that oil activities have caused more harm …
Optimization Of Seed Propagation Of Seven Native Plant Species, Shane H. Huff
Optimization Of Seed Propagation Of Seven Native Plant Species, Shane H. Huff
Theses and Dissertations
Seven plants native to the moist habitats of the pine savannas, woodlands, and Hillside Bog natural area at the Crosby Arboretum, Picayune, MS, were evaluated under laboratory and nursery conditions to determine seed germination percentage, optimal germination temperature, and the effect of substrates on germination. These native plants include: titi (Cyrilla racemiflora L.), buckwheat tree (Cliftonia monophylla Britt.), flameflower (Macranthera flammea (Bartr.) Pennell), deertongue (Carphephorus odoratissimus (Gmel.) Herb. var. odoratissimus), pink coreopsis (Coreopsis nudata Nutt.), tall ironweed (Vernonia angustifolia Michx.), and swamp bay (Persea palustris (Raf.) Sarg.). Laboratory experimentation concluded with germination and determination of optimal temperature regimes. Tall ironweed …
Decellularized Porcine Myocardium As A Scaffold For Cardiac Tissue Engineering, Bo Wang
Decellularized Porcine Myocardium As A Scaffold For Cardiac Tissue Engineering, Bo Wang
Theses and Dissertations
Myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure are leading causes of mortality globally. Recently, cardiac tissue engineering has become an attractive option for MI treatment due to the following advantages: it might provide optimal tissue performance maintained by viable transplanted cells, and might also stimulate the formation of vasculature supplying oxygen and nutrients in the patched region. However, fabrication of a thick viable cardiac patch with 3D scaffolds that are thoroughly recellularized with desired cells remains a challenge. We hypothesize that the decellularized porcine myocardium scaffold can preserve natural extracellular matrix (ECM) structure, cardiomyocyte lacunae, mechanical properties, and vasculature templates that …
Development Of An Innovative Detection Technology For Escherichia Coli O157:H7, Qian Gu
Development Of An Innovative Detection Technology For Escherichia Coli O157:H7, Qian Gu
Theses and Dissertations
Escherichia coli O157:H7 detection in food is conducted mainly by DNA/PCR, immunoassay or conventional methods. However, all the methods require multiple incubation steps. Antibiotic and isolation agars were found as the main factors that lead to false-positive results. An improved rapid detection method was developed by decreasing detection time and enhancing easiness of detection without the need for any analytical instrumentation. A combination of selective ingredients and temperature was utilized to allow the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the detection. The detection method minimized the effects of the main false positive bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacter spp. The sensitivity, …