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Analytical Modeling Of Aquifer Decontamination By Pulsed Pumping When Contaminant Transport Is Affected By Rate-Limited Sorption And Desorption, Thomas A. Adams, Robert C. Viramontes Sep 1993

Analytical Modeling Of Aquifer Decontamination By Pulsed Pumping When Contaminant Transport Is Affected By Rate-Limited Sorption And Desorption, Thomas A. Adams, Robert C. Viramontes

Theses and Dissertations

This research explores radially convergent contaminated transport in an aquifer towards an extraction well. This thesis presents the equations governing the transport of a contaminant during aquifer remediation by pulsed pumping. Contaminant transport is assumed to be affected by radial advection, dispersion, and sorption/desorption. Sorption is assumed to be either equilibrium or rate-limited, with the rate-limitation described by either a first-order law, or by Fickian diffusion of contaminant through layered, cylindrical, or spherical immobile water regions. The equations are derived using an arbitrary initial distribution of contaminant in both the mobile and immobile regions, and they are analytically solved in …

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A Comparative Test And Evaluation Of Lead-Based-Paint Test Kits, Lynn S. Hill Sep 1993

A Comparative Test And Evaluation Of Lead-Based-Paint Test Kits, Lynn S. Hill

Theses and Dissertations

This research compares the performance of five chemical spot-test kits on lead-based paints. The kits are designed to give a qualitative assessment of lead in paint. The intent of the research effort was to develop a standard evaluation procedure for follow-on studies and assess the baseline performance of the kits. The test kits in this study use either sodium sulfide or sodium rhodizonate to react with the lead. The presence of lead is indicated by a color change. The kits were used to test prepared sample paint films at seven known lead concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 1.3% by weight. …

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Application Of The Simplified Dow Chemical Company Relative Ranking Hazard Assessment Method For Air Combat Command Bases, Raymond A. Sable Sep 1993

Application Of The Simplified Dow Chemical Company Relative Ranking Hazard Assessment Method For Air Combat Command Bases, Raymond A. Sable

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigates the possibility of determining the hazard potential of chemicals on Air Force bases using a relative ranking hazard assessment method. Hazard assessment includes identification of hazards and evaluation of the hazards. Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 requires hazard assessments by all facilities with extremely hazardous substances to prepare release prevention plans. The purpose of the hazard assessments is to provide information to improve the spill prevention, control and countermeasures plans and to identify the substances with the highest hazard potential. Using the results from the hazard assessments, bases cam prepare plans …

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An Exploratory Survey Of Methods Used To Develop Measures Of Performance, Kenneth L. Hamner, Charles A. Lafleur Sep 1993

An Exploratory Survey Of Methods Used To Develop Measures Of Performance, Kenneth L. Hamner, Charles A. Lafleur

Theses and Dissertations

Nonmanufacturing organizations are being challenged to provide high- quality products and services to their customers, with an emphasis on continuous process improvement. Measures of performance, referred to as metrics, can be used to foster process improvement. The application of performance measurement to nonmanufacturing processes can be very difficult. This research explored methods used to develop metrics in nonmanufacturing Organizations. Several methods were formally defined in the literature, and the researchers used a two- step screening process to determine the OMB Generic Method was most likely to produce high-quality metrics. The OMB Generic Method was then used to develop metrics. A …

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Implementation Of The Defense Business Operations Fund (Dbof) Policies And Unit Costing In The Air Force Institute Of Technology (Afit), Charles W. Leonard, Rafeal Martinez Sep 1993

Implementation Of The Defense Business Operations Fund (Dbof) Policies And Unit Costing In The Air Force Institute Of Technology (Afit), Charles W. Leonard, Rafeal Martinez

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the potential effects of the Defense Business Operations Fund (DBOF) policies on the graduate degree programs at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). The study examined the Defense Management Review document that provides the implementation and guidance information for DBOF, and Unit Cost. DBOF requires that organizations provide unit cost per output figures as the basis for organizational funding. Unit cost resourcing is expected to change the way federal managers control resources, and is intended to promote quality management practices. In order to achieve the research objective, the researchers surveyed the opinions of HQ AFMC's Graduate …

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A Study Of The Development Of Planning, Programming And Budgeting System (Ppbs) In The United States Department Of Defense, Sakir S. Kantik Sep 1993

A Study Of The Development Of Planning, Programming And Budgeting System (Ppbs) In The United States Department Of Defense, Sakir S. Kantik

Theses and Dissertations

Having served as the United States Defense Department (DoD)'s primary resource allocation and decision-making process for more than 30 years, Planning-Programming-Budgeting System (PPBS) has kept going its evolution since it was first introduced in 1961. Accordingly, this study examined the development of PPBS in the U.S. DoD from its beginning to the recent past, that is to 1986, focusing on its basic purposes, how it has been modified and to assess the various expert observations made about the system. As originally conceived, the budget process was divided into three phases: Planning, Programming and Budgeting. The Planning phase was concerned with …

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Evaluation Of The Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Standard For Cleanup Of Petroleum Contaminated Sites, Rick A. Blaisdell, Mark E. Smallwood Sep 1993

Evaluation Of The Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Standard For Cleanup Of Petroleum Contaminated Sites, Rick A. Blaisdell, Mark E. Smallwood

Theses and Dissertations

This study evaluated the TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon) cleanup standard for petroleum contaminated soils (PCS). A survey of 13 state regulators was performed to characterize current standards and regulatory viewpoints on the use of a TPH versus a BTEX cleanup standard. The regulatory community considers the BTEX constituents the greatest threat to groundwater, yet expressed concern that the use of a compound specific standard, without an accompanying analysis for TPH, might result in residual soil contamination that may present risk. This study also evaluated the ratio of BTEX TPH in soil over time. Based on JP-4 contaminated site soil data, …

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A Refinement Of Risk Analysis Procedures For Trichloroethylene Through The Use Of Monte Carlo Method In Conjunction With Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling, William J. Cronin Iv, Eric J. Oswald Sep 1993

A Refinement Of Risk Analysis Procedures For Trichloroethylene Through The Use Of Monte Carlo Method In Conjunction With Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling, William J. Cronin Iv, Eric J. Oswald

Theses and Dissertations

This study refines risk analysis procedures for trichloroethylene (TCE) using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model in conjunction with the Monte Carlo method. The Monte Carlo method is used to generate random sets of model parameters, based on the mean, variance, and distribution types. The procedure generates a range of exposure values for human excess lifetime cancer risk of lxl0 (exp-6), based on the upper and lower bounds and the mean of a 95% confidence interval. Risk ranges were produced for both ingestion and inhalation exposures. Results are presented in a graphical format to reduce reliance on qualitative discussions of …

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Investigation Of The Sensitivity, Selectivity, And Reversibility Of The Chemically-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor (Chemfet) To Detect Nitrogen Dioxide, Dimethyl Methylphosphonate, And Boron Trifluoride, Neal T. Hauschild Sep 1993

Investigation Of The Sensitivity, Selectivity, And Reversibility Of The Chemically-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor (Chemfet) To Detect Nitrogen Dioxide, Dimethyl Methylphosphonate, And Boron Trifluoride, Neal T. Hauschild

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the sensitivity, selectivity, and reversibility of a chemically-sensitive field-effect transistor (CHEMFET) gas microsensor. Various physical operating parameters were tested to determine which produced the most significant sensitivity, selectivity, and reversibility which were computed from response changes generated from electrical conductivity modulations when exposed to challenge gases. The variable operating parameters included: thinfilm material, film thickness, challenge gas specie, challenge gas concentration, and operating temperature. Copper phthalocyanine and lead phthalocyanine were used as thin films to detect the following challenge gases: nitrogen dioxide, dimethyl methylphosphonate, boron trifluoride, methanol, carbon monoxide, vinyl chloride, and trichloroethylene. Tests revealed that copper …

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An Evaluation Of Individual Empowerment And Self-Efficacy On Sexual Harrassment In The Work Environment, Rebecca A. Gebhard, Edgar J. Labenne Sep 1993

An Evaluation Of Individual Empowerment And Self-Efficacy On Sexual Harrassment In The Work Environment, Rebecca A. Gebhard, Edgar J. Labenne

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this thesis was to develop an instrument that would measure an individual's ability to define sexual harassment and address gender discrimination. In addition, the thesis determines the relationship of empowerment, self-efficacy, and training as it affects the awareness of harassment. Extensive statistical analysis was performed on the instrument and sample data. The importance of developing this instrument is evident in its ability to create regression models to predict the existence of empowerment and self-efficacy which could be useful to improve morale and productivity. This thesis provides a history of sexual harassment from the difficulty in defining terminology, …

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An Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of The Air Force Drug Testing Program And Four Potential Modifications, Thomas R. Doster, Hubert A. Ross Sep 1993

An Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of The Air Force Drug Testing Program And Four Potential Modifications, Thomas R. Doster, Hubert A. Ross

Theses and Dissertations

This study evaluated the 1992 USAF Drug Testing Program and potential improvements, based on the number of drug users detected, cost, and legal issues. Four potential improvements were examined: (1) increasing the annual amount of random urinalysis; (2) increasing the proportion of commander-directed testing; (3) using a weighted selection technique, and (4) replacing urinalysis with hair testing. For each improvement, the researchers used test and survey results to estimate the number of drug users detected, a cost formula to estimate any changes in cost, and interviews with legal experts to identify any legal issues associated with implementing the modification. Researchers …

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Analysis And Development Of An F-5 Pollution Prevention Management Program With Recommendations For Creation Of Similar Programs For Other Aircraft, Janice M. Gavern Sep 1993

Analysis And Development Of An F-5 Pollution Prevention Management Program With Recommendations For Creation Of Similar Programs For Other Aircraft, Janice M. Gavern

Theses and Dissertations

This study developed a pollution prevention program for the F-5 aircraft, and described its utility and applicability as a generic framework for similar programs. A representative set of F-5 technical orders was analyzed by hand, and the identified chemicals, materials, and processes were loaded into a spreadsheet data base for additional analysis. The Environmental Protection Agency EPA 17 chemical list, and lists of ozone depleting chemicals (ODCs) were used as criteria to identify, for minimization, reduction, or elimination from use on the F-5, a hazardous material (hazmat) subset of those chemicals and materials which had already been identified. The identified …

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Pollution Prevention Incentives For Major Weapon System Programs, Donna C. Heinz, Dudley C. Wireman Sep 1993

Pollution Prevention Incentives For Major Weapon System Programs, Donna C. Heinz, Dudley C. Wireman

Theses and Dissertations

This research was undertaken to identify positive incentives that would motivate both government personnel and contractors to incorporate pollution prevention into the early design phases of weapon system acquisitions. The adoption and implementation of such incentives would allow the Air Force to reach pollution prevention objectives more efficiently. A literature search revealed little information on the pollution prevention program in the military. In contrast much information was found concerning military cleanup activities. As a result, in-depth personal interviewing was used to measure pollution prevention awareness in Aeronautical Systems Center program offices. Interviews, analysis, and comparisons were made between three groups …

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Measuring Productive Efficiency In Air Force Operational Contracting Squadrons: An Application Of Data Envelopment Analysis, Dennis W. Groseclose, Douglas E. James Sep 1993

Measuring Productive Efficiency In Air Force Operational Contracting Squadrons: An Application Of Data Envelopment Analysis, Dennis W. Groseclose, Douglas E. James

Theses and Dissertations

In an effort to improve the management feedback in operational contracting squadrons, this research concentrated on the development of an alternate method to measure operational contracting performance. Specifically, the research investigated the use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure the productive efficiency of 45 operational contracting squadrons. Operational contracting managers were surveyed to identify critical resources to and outputs from the contracting process. Based on this survey, four inputs and five outputs were included in the DEA model. The DEA was executed for each contracting squadron under study. The DEA output provided improved performance measurement and feedback information. DEA …

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A Study Of Investigation-Derived Waste Management Options, Barry C. Mountain Sep 1993

A Study Of Investigation-Derived Waste Management Options, Barry C. Mountain

Theses and Dissertations

USAF is dedicated to the clean up of past releases of hazardous substances at its bases under the Installation Restoration Program (IRP) . Clean up decisions are based upon data produced from investigations. Large amounts of waste may be derived from investigations. Investigation-derived waste (IDW), especially that with a hazardous component, may pose significant health protection and regulatory compliance problems if neglected. This study identifies the status and the need for improvement of IDW management to avoid those problems. Information on the background of IDW management was collected through a review of environmental laws, waste management regulations, and existing guidance. …

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A Feasibility Study Of Burning Waste Paper In Coal-Fired Boilers On Air Force Installations, Kenneth P. Smith Sep 1993

A Feasibility Study Of Burning Waste Paper In Coal-Fired Boilers On Air Force Installations, Kenneth P. Smith

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examined the feasibility of using waste paper derived fuel in coal-fired boilers on Air Force installations in an attempt to help solve air pollution and solid waste disposal problems. The implementation of waste paper derived fuel was examined from both a technical acceptability and an economic feasibility viewpoint. The majority of data for this study was obtained through literature reviews and personal interviews. Waste paper was found to be technically acceptable for use as fuel. However, waste paper has certain characteristics that may create problems during combustion and therefore further research is required. These problems included the possibility …

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An Analysis Of Site Parameters Affecting Natural Attenuation In Saturated Soil, William H. Potts Sep 1993

An Analysis Of Site Parameters Affecting Natural Attenuation In Saturated Soil, William H. Potts

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the natural attenuation mechanisms and some of the parameters affecting those mechanisms in the saturated zone. A literature search revealed numerous studies of various attenuation and the associated parameters. Much of the literature emphasized biodegradation as the most promising attenuation mechanism. BIOPLUME II(TM), a fate and transport model, was used to simulate the fate and transport of contaminant plume. The effects of the model parameters were investigated by observing the distance a contaminant plume was expected to migrate over a fifty year period. The investigation was limited by the model which excludes chemical reactions and some physical …

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Analysis Of Best Management Practices For Storm Water Compliance At Air Force Airfields, Peter A. Ridilla, Bradley T. Hoagland Sep 1993

Analysis Of Best Management Practices For Storm Water Compliance At Air Force Airfields, Peter A. Ridilla, Bradley T. Hoagland

Theses and Dissertations

This research analyzed storm water best management practices (BMPs) that may a Base Civil Engineers/Environmental Managers in complying with National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) storm water discharge requirements for Air Force airfield pavements. As a result of recent storm water regulations issued by the Environmental Protection Agency, increased emphasis has been placed on preventing and controlling the discharge of pollutants into surface waters of the United States. Based on the results of an American Association of Airport Executives' survey of civilian airports, the types and levels of airfield pollutants were identified. Typical NPDES storm water permit standards were then …

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A Guide To Implementing Reclamation Processes At Department Of Defense Municipal Solid Waste And Construction Debris Landfills, Gregory L. Tures Sep 1993

A Guide To Implementing Reclamation Processes At Department Of Defense Municipal Solid Waste And Construction Debris Landfills, Gregory L. Tures

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis serves as a guide for implementing landfill reclamation techniques on municipal solid waste or construction debris landfills owned, operated, or used by the DoD. The research describes historical and current methods for disposing of solid waste including open dumping, sanitary landfilling, and the development of state-of-the-art sanitary landfill cell technology. The thesis also identifies the factors which have led to the need for new methods of managing municipal solid waste. The vast majority of the study is devoted to identifying actions which should be taken before, during, and after implementation of a landfill reclamation project. These actions include …

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Guidance For The Development Of Air Force Storm Water Sampling Programs, Jerry K. Weldon Iii, Roy T. Willis Sep 1993

Guidance For The Development Of Air Force Storm Water Sampling Programs, Jerry K. Weldon Iii, Roy T. Willis

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to develop sampling guidance that will enable Air Force (AF) installations to conduct cost effective storm water sampling in accordance with current storm water regulations. Data on the techniques used by AF bases to obtain storm water samples for the AF group storm water permit application were collected and analyzed. This information was used to outline management and resource requirements associated with the implementation of NPDES storm water regulations. The use of in-house personnel, automatic sampling equipment, or a contractor to perform the field data collection was examined. An in-house manual approach to storm …

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A Decision Support Model Using Life Cycle Cost (Lcc) Analysis To Select Cost-Effective Alternatives For Hazardous Materials, Blaine F. Burley, Kirk A. Phillips Sep 1993

A Decision Support Model Using Life Cycle Cost (Lcc) Analysis To Select Cost-Effective Alternatives For Hazardous Materials, Blaine F. Burley, Kirk A. Phillips

Theses and Dissertations

This research focuses on the development of a decision support model to select cost-effective alternatives for hazardous materials using life cycle cost (LCC) analysis. The model provides an effective decision-making tool to evaluate the economic feasibility of using alternatives for hazardous materials. Given a specific operation, the users of this model can enter site-specific cost data to determine the total LCCs of using baseline hazardous materials (i.e., hazardous materials currently being used in an operation), as well as the total LCCs of using various alternatives. This thesis postulates that the material having the lowest total LCC is considered to be …

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A Predictive Model For The Determination Of The Economic Feasibility Of Construction And Demolition Waste Recycling In The Air Force, Byron L. Dixon Sep 1993

A Predictive Model For The Determination Of The Economic Feasibility Of Construction And Demolition Waste Recycling In The Air Force, Byron L. Dixon

Theses and Dissertations

This study created a model to be used at a CONUS Air Force base to determine the economic feasibility of Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste recycling. Three areas investigated to develop this model: the methods to determine amounts and types of C&D waste generated at a specific location, the markets for recycled C&D wastes, and the recycling methods currently available. From this data, gathered through records searches and interviews, a procedure was developed to perform cost/benefit analyses on the available recycling options. A model was then created based on these calculations which can arm a manager with information to either …

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Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling Of Percutaneously Absorbed Dibromomethane Utilizing Multiple Dermal Sub-Compartments, Christopher R. Mcdaniel Sep 1993

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling Of Percutaneously Absorbed Dibromomethane Utilizing Multiple Dermal Sub-Compartments, Christopher R. Mcdaniel

Theses and Dissertations

The goal of this study was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model that predicts mammalian blood concentrations of dibromomethane following exposure by dermal absorption more accurately than a previously developed Homogeneous Dermal Model. The Homogeneous Dermal Model contains a dermal compartment with no dermal sub-compartments. The 1:1 Dermal Model developed in this research contains a dermal compartment with a stratum corneum and a composite dermal sub-compartment of equal volume. This model yields predictions which are 21.4 percent more accurate than the original homogeneous model. In order to represent skin anatomy more accurately, the 1:10 Dermal Model variation was …

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A Risk Assessment Of The Health Liabilities From Exposure To Toxic Metals Found In The Composted Material Of Air Force Municipal Solid Waste, Timothy L. Merrymon Sep 1993

A Risk Assessment Of The Health Liabilities From Exposure To Toxic Metals Found In The Composted Material Of Air Force Municipal Solid Waste, Timothy L. Merrymon

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis assesses the risk of the health liabilities from exposure to toxic metals found in the composted material of Air Force municipal solid waste (MSW). The goal is to determine the probability that the composted MSW could be a health hazard if it were used as a soil amendment. The research limited the assessment of the exposure risk to heavy metals found in raw MSW and its resulting compost. The thesis uses reviews of present literature to examine the food and soil ingestion exposure pathways. These pathways are assessed using the heavy metal concentrations found in MSW compost and …

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Development Of A Cost-Effectiveness Methodology To Prioritize Environmental Mitigation Projects, Robert E. Thompson Sep 1993

Development Of A Cost-Effectiveness Methodology To Prioritize Environmental Mitigation Projects, Robert E. Thompson

Theses and Dissertations

A cost-effectiveness prioritization methodology was developed using concepts from the cost-effectiveness technique. The new methodology called the Cost-Effectiveness methodology (CEM) allows the prioritization of mitigation projects across broad categories of hazardous sites as would be ranked among the offices of the Environmental Protection Agency. Two performance criteria were incorporated into the process--rank projects that save the most lives per dollar and enhance general applicability across different categories of risk. A metric was developed that represents the ratio of lives saved per dollar spent on mitigation alternatives of contaminated environmental sites. This metric was incorporated into the CEM to distinguish mitigation …

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A Plan For Coordinating Department Of Defense Emissions Trading, Charles H. Weir Sep 1993

A Plan For Coordinating Department Of Defense Emissions Trading, Charles H. Weir

Theses and Dissertations

The original purpose of this research was to develop a plan to coordinate emissions trading between DoD installations. During the course of this research, findings indicated that restrictions on emissions trading would make such a plan of limited applicability. However, findings did indicate the need for a tool to assist managers with selecting the netting, offset, and banking emissions trading alternatives. Developing this tool became the objective of this research. This objective was fulfilled by developing a management guide to assist environmental managers with selecting the emissions trading alternatives netting, banking, and offsets. Background information was collected by examining literature …

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A Parametric Regression Of The Cost Of Base Realignment Action (Cobra) Model, Douglas D. Hardman, Michael S. Nelson Sep 1993

A Parametric Regression Of The Cost Of Base Realignment Action (Cobra) Model, Douglas D. Hardman, Michael S. Nelson

Theses and Dissertations

This study develops a parametric model that is capable of generating accurate estimates of the costs to close Air Force installations. The new model is based upon, but much simpler to use than, the Cost of Base Realignment Action (COBRA) model. COBRA is an economic cost analysis model that requires a minimum of 250 inputs and as many as 700 inputs. The new parametric model requires just 10 input variables and was developed using least squares multiple regression. Comparison of the new parametric model to COBRA indicates that it captures 91 percent of the variance in cost estimates generated by …

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Quantification Of Uncertainty In The Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Studies Process, Kurt C. Held, Perry J. Shepler Sep 1993

Quantification Of Uncertainty In The Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Studies Process, Kurt C. Held, Perry J. Shepler

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis developed a method to bound cost estimates with a prediction interval of costs for the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) phase of the Installation Remediation Program (IRP) process. The prediction interval provides a reasonableness cross check for RI/FS project cost estimates. To develop the cost bounds, three major activities occurred. First, a database was developed from RI/FS projects managed by the Army Corps of Engineers. Second, a regression cost model was developed from the observations in the database. Third, a prediction interval specified at the 70 percent confidence level was derived from the cost model. This prediction interval provides …

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Nipars: An Analysis Of Procurement Performance And Cost For Nonstandard Items, Susan J. Brown Sep 1993

Nipars: An Analysis Of Procurement Performance And Cost For Nonstandard Items, Susan J. Brown

Theses and Dissertations

In a world climate of declining defence budgets and contracting force structures, there is an increasing requirement for Australia to ensure value for money when undertaking defence purchases. Cognisant of this increasing financial pressure, the purpose of this thesis is to research the NIPARS program and determine the degree to which it provides Australia and other FMS customers value for money in the field of nonstandard parts procurement. The research problem of this thesis was identified by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) Supply Liaison Officer at WFAFB. The RAAF had participated in the NIPARS program for twelve months without …

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A Benchmark Of Tractor Trailer Operator Training Between The United States Army's 37th Transportation Command And A Selected Civilian Industry Leader, Stephen J. Mayhew, Joel T. Peterson Sep 1993

A Benchmark Of Tractor Trailer Operator Training Between The United States Army's 37th Transportation Command And A Selected Civilian Industry Leader, Stephen J. Mayhew, Joel T. Peterson

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose or this research was to determine differences between the Army's 37th Transportation Command (TRANSCOM) TRACTOR TRAILER (T/T) driver training program and a selected civilian industry leader's training program in order to identify practices which could improve 37th TRANSCOM's training program. In order to make this comparison, the researchers used a benchmarking methodology to compare T/T training programs of 37th TRANSCOM and Eaton Roadranger Training Institute. Major findings were identified in five areas. There were negative gaps in the four benchmark areas of minimum age requirement, course content, prior driving experience required of instructors, and mock-up training aids. One …

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