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Oral Health Services In A Medical Setting, Robert William Mansman Ii Jan 2007

Oral Health Services In A Medical Setting, Robert William Mansman Ii

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the baseline oral health status of infants and the level of their caregiver's oral health knowledge for families who received preventive oral health services in a medical setting. Methods: Using a prospective cohort study, children 0-3 years of age received an oral health screening, risk assessment, caregiver education, and a fluoride varnish treatment in an ambulatory pediatric medical clinic. A 16-item oral health knowledge and socio-demographic questionnaire was delivered to the caregiver of child. This questionnaire included knowledge, behavior and opinion items on risk factors for dental diseases, care of child's …

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Design Synthesis And Evaluation Of Diterpenones As Potent Chemopreventive Agents For Aflatoxin B1 Induced Carcinogenesis In Human Liver Cells, Miguel Angel Zuniga Jan 2007

Design Synthesis And Evaluation Of Diterpenones As Potent Chemopreventive Agents For Aflatoxin B1 Induced Carcinogenesis In Human Liver Cells, Miguel Angel Zuniga

Theses and Dissertations

DESIGN, SYNTHESIS, AND EVALUATION OF DITERPENONES AS POTENT CHEMOPREVENTIVE AGENTS FOR AFB1 INDUCED CARCINOGENISIS IN HUMAN LIVER CELLS By Miguel A. Zuniga, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Major Director: Qibing Zhou, Ph.D Assistant Professor Department of Chemistry Terpene quinone methides (TPQMs) have been isolated from a variety of plants and show broad activities against bacteria, fungi, and cancerous cell lines. The biological activity has been attributed to the reactive electrophilic QM moiety, this structural feature has long been recognized as an intermediate in organic …

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The Influence Of Parental Monitoring And Peer Deviance On Substance Use Among Middle School Students, Sally Ann Mays Jan 2007

The Influence Of Parental Monitoring And Peer Deviance On Substance Use Among Middle School Students, Sally Ann Mays

Theses and Dissertations

Substance use is a significant problem among middle school students in the United States. Research indicates that the early use of substances increases the likelihood of negative outcomes including long-term use and abuse. Both parenting and peer variables exert strong influences on children's decisions to use or abstain from substances. As children age, peers begin to exert a stronger influence, but parenting practices can significantly reduce peers' harmful influences. In this study, three waves of data (collected at the end of 6th grade, and the beginning and end of 7th grade) from a large multi-site study were used to examine …

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Sodium Hypochlorite's Effect On Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments And Its Effect On Resistance To Fracture, Michael Shane Smith Jan 2007

Sodium Hypochlorite's Effect On Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments And Its Effect On Resistance To Fracture, Michael Shane Smith

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of partial and total immersion in sodium hypochlorite on nickel-titanium rotary files and to determine whether resistance to fracture was influenced by the immersion time. One hundred K3™ and 100 ProFile® rotary files were either partially or totally immersed in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite for zero, one, five, thirty, or sixty minutes. After immersion, files were subjected to cyclic fatigue testing. Time to fracture was recorded and analyzed by a two-way ANOVA. Tukey's honest significant difference was used to identify any differences in immersion times. Within all ProFile groups and partial …

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Impact Of Combat Stress On Mental Health Outcomes: Brfss Survey Data 2006, Emily Pedneau Jan 2007

Impact Of Combat Stress On Mental Health Outcomes: Brfss Survey Data 2006, Emily Pedneau

Theses and Dissertations

Objectives: This study sought to determine the relationship between combat experience and mental health outcomes. The study sought to determine whether age was a significant factor in poor mental health outcomes. Methods: Multiple logistic regression (n = 195,048) and multiple linear regression (n = 264,154) were performed on the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. Veteran status and a host of demographic and health status questions were analyzed in relation to diagnosis of anxiety or depressive disorder (multiple logistic regression) and to number of days poor mental health (multiple linear regression). Results: Diagnosis of anxiety or depression was …

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Trend Analysis Of Automobile Collision Amongst 15-19 Year Olds In Virginia, 2000-2004, Imo F. Ndem Jan 2007

Trend Analysis Of Automobile Collision Amongst 15-19 Year Olds In Virginia, 2000-2004, Imo F. Ndem

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose. This research study on automobile collision in Virginia amongst fifteen to nineteen (15-19) year olds looked into the trend analysis over a five (5) year period of 2000 to 2004. Trend analysis is usually done for aggregates of all injuries—either intentional or unintentional injuries, or both. The primary objective of this research study was to examine the trend in hospitalization rates and mortality rates for males and females independently. It further looked into the trend, if any, in hospitalization rates, mortality rates, and case-fatality rates, for both males and females combined. The different Tables illustrate the extent and the …

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Immunohistochemical Study Of Phenotypes Of Dendritic Cells In Dental Pulps From Non-Carious And Carious Teeth, Melissa A. Harmon Jan 2007

Immunohistochemical Study Of Phenotypes Of Dendritic Cells In Dental Pulps From Non-Carious And Carious Teeth, Melissa A. Harmon

Theses and Dissertations

Mature dendritic cells (DCs) in inflamed tissues may promote inflammation but the status of DCs in pulpitis is not known. We hypothesized that DC maturation would correlate with carious lesion depth and that CD4+ cells would be found in association with mature DCs. Pulps were collected from teeth exhibiting: (I) no caries (n=9), (II) shallow dentinal caries (n=5), and (III) deep caries (n=9). Pulpal tissues were cryo-sectioned and positive cells were examined with immunohistochemistry, Mature DCs (CD83+) were almost exclusively restricted to pulps from deep caries. Furthermore, CD209+ DCs in deep caries were elevated over other groups and CD209+ cells …

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Stress And Anxiety In Adhd: Links To Sensory Over-Responsivity, Stacey E. Reynolds Jan 2007

Stress And Anxiety In Adhd: Links To Sensory Over-Responsivity, Stacey E. Reynolds

Theses and Dissertations

Sensory Modulation Dysfunction (SMD) is characterized by an inability to consistently and accurately grade responses to sensory information. SMD, and specifically sensory over-responsivity (SOR), has been correlated with stress and anxiety in some developmentally delayed populations and has been associated with structures and functions of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. Recent attention has been given to HPA functioning in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), with a majority of studies identifying blunted or diminished cortisol patterns. In contrast, elevated cortisol has been associated with anxiety and anxious behaviors in both animal and human studies. The purpose of this study …

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Giant Pandas Balance Energy Budgets With Metabolic Depression: Insights From Radar Detection Of Heart Rates, Tommy Gene Finley Jan 2007

Giant Pandas Balance Energy Budgets With Metabolic Depression: Insights From Radar Detection Of Heart Rates, Tommy Gene Finley

Theses and Dissertations

Giant pandas ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) are flagship species for conservation because of their endangered status and charismatic nature. Giant pandas are placed in the bear family (Urisidae) within the order Carnivora. They specialize on a diet of bamboo, yet retain a typical carnivore gastrointestinal tract. Low energy digestive efficiency (9.5–34%) was calculated from bamboo-only digestibility trials conducted on captive giant pandas. Huge amounts of bamboo are consumed to overcome inefficient extraction and thus obtain sufficient energy and nutrients. I designed this study to gain insights into giant panda energy balance by measuring heart rates during sleep, their primary means …

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Identification Of Potential Organic Contributors In Carbonaceous Aerosols: Enhanced Uv Absorption Spectra, Anand Mangu Jan 2007

Identification Of Potential Organic Contributors In Carbonaceous Aerosols: Enhanced Uv Absorption Spectra, Anand Mangu

Theses and Dissertations

Direct aerosol climate effects include light scattering and absorption that present the largest uncertainties in the assessment of radiative forcing. To estimate the overall effect of aerosols on climate the relative amounts of scattering and absorption must be known. Determination of aerosol UV-absorption spectra is the primary focus of this thesis research. Aerosol samples were collected in Mexico City in 2003 and 2006 as a part of Mexico City Metropolitan Area field study and also at Little Rock. UV-visible absorption spectra of these aerosol samples have been obtained by using an integrating sphere coupled to a UV-visible spectrometer and compared …

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Load Distribution And Channel Assignment In Ieee 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks, Mohamad Haidar Jan 2007

Load Distribution And Channel Assignment In Ieee 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks, Mohamad Haidar

Theses and Dissertations

Recent growth in Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) deployment has generated considerable interest in load management and channel assignment among network designers. WLAN has become a major component of the modern telecommunication infrastructure. Load management and Channel assignment are among the critical aspects that face WLAN deployments. Well planned WLAN service environments require a network designed to provide not only radio coverage but also better load distribution and less interference across the service area, which in turn improves the Quality of Service (QoS). In this dissertation, a novel approach to the WLAN load distribution and channel assignment is proposed that …

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The Abc's Of Early Intervention: Assessing The Arkansas Better Chance For School Success Pre -School Program, Lisa Walker Todd Jan 2007

The Abc's Of Early Intervention: Assessing The Arkansas Better Chance For School Success Pre -School Program, Lisa Walker Todd

Theses and Dissertations

Early intervention programs have long been associated with increased cognitive benefits for disadvantaged poverty children. The Arkansas Better Chance for School Success Pre-school Program (ABCSS) was implemented in select counties in Arkansas as an early intervention strategy for Arkansas' poverty children. The core rationale behind the implementation of the Arkansas Better Chance for School Success Pre-school Program was the belief that it is much easier not to be left behind if you do not start behind. The study assessed the Arkansas Better Chance for School Success Pre-school Program on the impact of sustained benefits on third grade children who previously …

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Modeling Racial Differences In Colorectal Cancer Screening: Evidence From A Nationally Representative Sample, Ryan J. Ehrensberger Jan 2007

Modeling Racial Differences In Colorectal Cancer Screening: Evidence From A Nationally Representative Sample, Ryan J. Ehrensberger

Theses and Dissertations

Despite strong evidence that screening for Colorectal cancer (CRC) can reduce cancer incidence and mortality, screening adherence remains low. Racial differences in CRC incidence and mortality are well documented in the literature. Racial differences in CRC screening use remain mixed with most studies using race as an independent variable and focusing on racial differences in CRC screening rates. Few studies have examined correlates of CRC screening use, stratifying by race. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are racial differences in correlates of CRC screening, using the Health Belief Model as the theoretical framework. Data analyzed in …

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Familial And Self Systems As Contributors To Sexual Decision-Making Patterns Of Young African American Women, Christina M. Grange Jan 2007

Familial And Self Systems As Contributors To Sexual Decision-Making Patterns Of Young African American Women, Christina M. Grange

Theses and Dissertations

This study utilized a is a two-phase mixed methods design to examine partner-based expectations and perceptions of factors that affecting condom use among African American women recruited at a sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic. Phase One utilized qualitative methods to analyze interviews from 25 unmarried, African American women between ages 18--26. Interviews explored the following two research questions: (1) How do young adult African American women conceptualize relationships as illustrated by their expectations of their partner and their expectations of themselves in the relationship? (2) What messages do women recall receiving from their family members about sexual opportunities, intercourse, consequences …

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Electrospun Blends Of Polydioxanone And Fibrinogen For Urological Applications, Joshua Ford Grant Jan 2007

Electrospun Blends Of Polydioxanone And Fibrinogen For Urological Applications, Joshua Ford Grant

Theses and Dissertations

The need for tissue and organ replacements cannot be satisfied by autograft and allografts alone. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of electrospinning a blend of polydioxanone and fibrinogen to produce an engineered tissue scaffold. Fiber diameter and pore size of blends were characterized, as well as mechanical strength. Cell proliferation assays for 1 and 7 day cultures were preformed, and a histological evaluation was performed to determine how favorable the various blends were to cell infiltration and proliferation. Some ratios of blends were identified that contained both acceptable mechanical properties and properties that facilitated cell …

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Divergent Roles Of Pi3k And Akt In Rapamycin-Induced Cardioprotection Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, Shivani Kirit Desai Jan 2007

Divergent Roles Of Pi3k And Akt In Rapamycin-Induced Cardioprotection Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, Shivani Kirit Desai

Theses and Dissertations

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death every year with nearly three-fourths of all deaths caused by the disease. The challenge scientists are facing today is discovering new drugs to protect the heart against cellular damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury (I-R injury). Rapamycin is one such drug that has been shown to protect the heart against ischemia-induced cellular injury. Rapamycin(sirolimus) inhibits protein synthesis through inhibition of the mammalian target ofrapamycin (mTOR). This property of rapamycin has led to its current clinical applications in drug-eluting stents and in immunosuppresive treatment to organ transplant patients. The mechanism …

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Work Hope As A Mediator Between Proactive Coping And Career Planfulness In Domestic And International University Students, Juan Juana Wu Jan 2007

Work Hope As A Mediator Between Proactive Coping And Career Planfulness In Domestic And International University Students, Juan Juana Wu

Theses and Dissertations

This study applied proactive coping theory (E. R. Greenglass, 2002; R. Schwarzer, 2000) to the domain of career development in domestic and international student transition-to-university. Participants were recruited from a large southeastern state university. No significant between-group differences were identified in the present study. Within both groups, proactive coping, work hope, and career planfulness were positively correlated. The role of work hope as a mediator between proactive coping and career planfulness was tested in domestic and international students respectively. For domestic students, a partial mediation model was established with a direct effect of proactive coping on career planfulness and an …

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Supporting Personhood In Dementia: Examining The Impact Of Volition On Function In Everyday Occupations, Christine L. Raber Jan 2007

Supporting Personhood In Dementia: Examining The Impact Of Volition On Function In Everyday Occupations, Christine L. Raber

Theses and Dissertations

Understanding volition and preferences for occupation is a critical underpinning of effective occupational therapy services that promote and preserve identity for persons with moderate dementia. Although it has been posited that this population has significant difficulty expressing volition for daily occupations, little research has examined the role of volition in guiding engagement in occupations. This phenomenological study provides an in-depth description and analysis of volition in eight persons with moderate dementia. Guiding questions related to understanding patterns of past life interests, outward demonstration of volition, volitional continuity. and the relationship of the social environment to volition and engagement in daily …

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Vocational Rehabilitation Of Clients With Brain Injury: An Investigation Of Racial Disparity Within The Rehabilitation Services Administration (Rsa) 911 Database, Stephanie A. Kolakowsky-Hayner Jan 2007

Vocational Rehabilitation Of Clients With Brain Injury: An Investigation Of Racial Disparity Within The Rehabilitation Services Administration (Rsa) 911 Database, Stephanie A. Kolakowsky-Hayner

Theses and Dissertations

Finding and maintaining employment is an ongoing problem for persons with disabilities, especially those with brain injuries. State vocational rehabilitation agencies are the primary authority responsible for providing employment-related services for individuals with disabilities throughout the United States. Little effort has been committed to identifying disparities in health and rehabilitation services provided to Americans with disabilities, particularly those with brain injuries. The purpose of this investigation was to utilize Aday and Andersen's Framework for the Study of Access to examine racial disparity within the Rehabilitation Services Administration 911 Database, and thus the vocational rehabilitation system, among clients with brain injury. …

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Improving Life Satisfaction Of Elders Through Oral History: The Narrator's Perspective, Mary B. Ligon Jan 2007

Improving Life Satisfaction Of Elders Through Oral History: The Narrator's Perspective, Mary B. Ligon

Theses and Dissertations

Oral history is a method of preserving historical information through in-depth interviews. Because the process requires narrators to use remote recall while sharing their life experiences, it can also be considered a reminiscence-related activity. Before this study, the positive effects on narrators of providing an oral history were noted in the research literature but had not been evaluated through quantitative methods. Based on theoretical constructs of Erikson and Butler, it was hypothesized that participation in oral history interviews would improve the life satisfaction of narrators. Life satisfaction was operationalized and measured using the Life Satisfaction Index Version A (LSIA). The …

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The Effect Of Pediatric Hospital Specialization On Patient Safety And Effectiveness Of Care, James Mitchell Harris Ii Jan 2007

The Effect Of Pediatric Hospital Specialization On Patient Safety And Effectiveness Of Care, James Mitchell Harris Ii

Theses and Dissertations

Provider specialization is an area of interest in health care as patients, payers and policy makers are now demanding better performance and demonstrated proof of the benefits of specialization. While previously ignored in the specialization debate, now even the hospitals focusing on pediatric care (i.e. children's hospitals) are experiencing pressure to demonstrate their value. The current study attempts to answer the questions: do hospitals specializing in pediatric care provide better quality pediatric inpatient care; and do they do so for differing types of patient outcomes and across different levels of care complexity? Contingency Theory is used to develop and assess …

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Prediction Of In-Vivo Antimuscarinic Activity (Ama) By In-Vitro Receptor Binding Assessment And Pk/Pd Modeling For Prototypical Drugs, Taghrid Y. Obied Jan 2007

Prediction Of In-Vivo Antimuscarinic Activity (Ama) By In-Vitro Receptor Binding Assessment And Pk/Pd Modeling For Prototypical Drugs, Taghrid Y. Obied

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To establish a tool, termed as antimuscarinic activity (AMA), to predict the incidence of antimuscarinic adverse events (AMAEs).Methods: A literature review, focused on drugs having off-target interaction with muscarinic receptors, was performed. Prototypical drugs olanzapine, diphenhydramine, paroxetine were selected for the analysis. Scopolamine and darifenacin were included as positive and negative controls, respectively. Physiochemical properties, pharmacokinetic data, and clinical incidence of AMAEs for the selected drugs were collected from reported literature. Extrapolation of literature data was carried-out to obtain exposure data. To determine the drugs muscarinic affinity (Ki values), experiments were performed using 3H-QNB and membrane suspensions of M1, …

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Intensive Co-Parenting Therapy: Piloting A Manualized Treatment For Divorced Families, Jill Allison Ferrante Gasper Jan 2007

Intensive Co-Parenting Therapy: Piloting A Manualized Treatment For Divorced Families, Jill Allison Ferrante Gasper

Theses and Dissertations

Although resilience is the normative psychological outcome of divorce, parents and children of divorce are disproportionately represented in the mental health and legal systems. Due to the great financial and psychological costs of incessant divorce litigation, interventions that promote positive child adjustment while alleviating the costs of litigation are in high demand. Social policymakers and clinicians have responded to this demand via a number of intervention strategies; however, the implementation of many current interventions has predated supporting empirical evidence.The present study seeks to establish the efficacy of a child-focused, intensive co-parenting therapy (ICT) intervention for divorced parents. ICT is a …

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Cradle To Cage: Confronting The Premature Institutionalization Of The Children Of The Incarcerated, Jen Fell Jan 2007

Cradle To Cage: Confronting The Premature Institutionalization Of The Children Of The Incarcerated, Jen Fell

Theses and Dissertations

American prisons are swollen and distended. Over 2 million Americans sit in jail or prison today. About 2/3 of the incarcerated are parents. They parent approximately 2 million children in America today who are separated from mom or dad because of incarceration. Their children suffer from poverty, inconsistency in caregivers, separation from siblings, reduced opportunity to health and education and increased risk for substance abuse, alcoholism and incarceration themselves. Children of the incarcerated are seven times more likely than their peers to become incarcerated as adults.Many of these children are unable to visit their parents. Over half the mothers in …

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Achieving High Performance In Local Government: Linking Government Outcomes With Human Resource Management Practices, Richard F. Huff Jan 2007

Achieving High Performance In Local Government: Linking Government Outcomes With Human Resource Management Practices, Richard F. Huff

Theses and Dissertations

Historically public sector personnel policies and practices have been targets of reform. These reforms consisted of transferring private sector techniques to a public sector perceived to be more bureaucratic and less efficient. Private sector research is replete with evidence of a connection between "superior" human resource management (HRM) practices and the performance outcome of profitability. Public sector outcomes are more difficult to connect directly to management practices. As a result, the focus of public sector reform has become one of improving the processes of management rather than improving the outcomes of government. The linkage between reform and outcome is assumed.This …

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Residential Outcomes Of Hope Vi Relocatees In Richmond, Va, Lallen Tyrone Johnson-Hart Jan 2007

Residential Outcomes Of Hope Vi Relocatees In Richmond, Va, Lallen Tyrone Johnson-Hart

Theses and Dissertations

In 1997 the Richmond Redevelopment and Housing Authority received a HOPE VI grant from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development in the amount of $26.9 million to revitalize the Blackwell scattered site public housing community. The mixed income approach of HOPE VI calls for a reduction of public housing units, thus requiring all households to relocate to other neighborhoods. This research analyzed socioeconomic data to examine the relocation of households, assess whether they moved to better neighborhoods, and compare them to other poor households. Over half of all households moved to other distressed neighborhoods in the Northside, East …

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Outcomes Of Status Epilepticus In The Elderly, Alan R. Towne Jan 2007

Outcomes Of Status Epilepticus In The Elderly, Alan R. Towne

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Status epilepticus (SE) is a serious medical condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Few studies have addressed this condition in the elderly. The present study examines predictors of SE mortality in this growing population.Methods: SE patients visiting the Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center from July 1, 1989, to June 30,2006 were included in the study. Data on demographic characteristics, SE type, etiology, time to treatment and mortality were collected. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the determinants of mortality due to SE. Data was stratified by age to examine the characteristics of SE among the elderly population.Results: …

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Self-Care And Quality Of Life In Patients With Heart Failure, Chantira Chiaranai Jan 2007

Self-Care And Quality Of Life In Patients With Heart Failure, Chantira Chiaranai

Theses and Dissertations

Although it is well known that self-care reduces the frequency of hospital admissions and exacerbations and enhances quality of life (QOL) in heart failure (HF) patients, little is known about self-care in this population. Therefore, the study purpose was to examine relationships among selected individual characteristics (demographics, severity of illness, comorbidities, and social support), self-care strategies, and QOL using Reigel's Model of Self Care in Patients with Heart Failure as the guiding framework. In this descriptive correlational study, self-care was measured using the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI), which measures self-care maintenance (SC-Mt), self-care management (SC-Mn), and self-care self-confidence …

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Visual Contributions To The Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex During Balance Recovery Tasks, Mark D. Diehl Jan 2007

Visual Contributions To The Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex During Balance Recovery Tasks, Mark D. Diehl

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: The Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is quantified by computing the ratio of head angular velocity and eye angular velocity (VOR Gain). This measure only includes head angular movements; linear translations are not accounted for. These investigations postulate an alternative method of VOR quantification, one that assesses retinal image stability during head angular and linear movements (Foveal fixation (FF)). This method was used to assess the role of vision in balance reactions. Methods: Experiment 1 : Ten Young subjects were fitted with an eye tracker linked to an EM kinematic recording system. This allowed for the recording of head, trunk and …

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Cd23'S Role As A Negative Regulator Of Allergic Disease: In Vivo Effects Of Murine Cd23 Destabilization And Allelic Mutations, Jill Wallace Ford Jan 2007

Cd23'S Role As A Negative Regulator Of Allergic Disease: In Vivo Effects Of Murine Cd23 Destabilization And Allelic Mutations, Jill Wallace Ford

Theses and Dissertations

Through underexpression and overexpression studies, CD23 has been shown to negatively regulate IgE production. To investigate CD23 destabilization and its effects on CD23 shedding and IgE synthesis in vivo, we utilized an anti-CD23 stalk monoclonal (19G5) which has previously been shown to enhance proteolysis of CD23 in vitro. Compared to isotype control-treated mice, mice injected with 19G5 displayed enhanced serum soluble CD23 and IgE. Because 19G5 injection substantially enhanced CD23 shedding, it was useful in investigating the identity of the CD23 sheddase. 19G5 enhanced CD23 shedding in ADAM8-/-, ADAM9-/-ADAM15-/-, and ADAM9-/-ADAM12-/-ADAM15-/- mice, ruling out these ADAMs as candidate CD23 sheddases. …

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