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Figuring Out The Birds And The Bees : Parents' Experiences Navigating Issues Of Sex And Sexuality With Their Teenage And Young Adult Children With Intellectual Disabilities, Jessica Welson Markowitz Aug 2011

Figuring Out The Birds And The Bees : Parents' Experiences Navigating Issues Of Sex And Sexuality With Their Teenage And Young Adult Children With Intellectual Disabilities, Jessica Welson Markowitz

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This interpretative phenomenological analysis explores parents' experiences navigating issues of sex and sexuality with their teenage and young adult children with intellectual disabilities. The purpose of the study was to examine parents' perceptions of the sexual knowledge and sexual identity development of their children, as well as provide a glimpse into their experiences as parents navigating these issues. Six parents of individuals ages 16-25 with an intellectual disability diagnosis were interviewed via semi-structured interviews. Parents were asked to speak about their children's sexual development as well as the role they have played as parents in fostering that development. Parents shared …


White Anti-Racism In The Context Of Parenting, Sarah Amanda Matlock Aug 2011

White Anti-Racism In The Context Of Parenting, Sarah Amanda Matlock

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This qualitative study explores how White parents who identify as anti-racist raise their children from an anti-racist perspective. Twenty White parents were interviewed and asked about what anti-racism means to them, their childhood experiences involving race and racism, and how they attempt to incorporate anti-racism values into their parenting. They were also asked about their perspective on their White children's racial awareness and on the impact of race and racism on their White children. The participants' neighborhood and school choices, and the racial make-up of their child's friendship circles were discussed. The findings revealed that many of these White parents …


No Purer Joy : The Developmental, Social And Motivational Aspects Of Elite College Squash, Matthew Aaron Munich Aug 2011

No Purer Joy : The Developmental, Social And Motivational Aspects Of Elite College Squash, Matthew Aaron Munich

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This is a study of the experience of elite level college squash players from three angles: development, social context and motivation. Primary aims included describing an intense human experience in terms of developmental gains, identifying social cues the participants received from their social context, understanding motivations for participation, and exploring cultural differences most pertinent to squash participation. The sample was comprised of 15 American and international players from the Yale University men's and women's squash teams who completed semi-structured interviews. The players represented all academic classes and 7 countries. Findings revealed a number of important developmental gains that were fostered …


Life After Driving : Older Adults' Perceptions Of Driving Cessation, Jennifer Lee Nichols Aug 2011

Life After Driving : Older Adults' Perceptions Of Driving Cessation, Jennifer Lee Nichols

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

For many adults the ability to drive a car acts as a crucial link to the outside world. The following study was implemented to gain a more in depth and detailed understanding of community dwelling older adults' experiences of driving cessation as related to cultural gender expectations and to explore the influence of an individual's support network on their experience of driving cessation. The study was quantitative in nature and included data collected from residents at four different retirement/assisted living communities located within the city limits of Seattle, WA. A total of 45 participants were surveyed in person: the sample …


The Experiences Of Clinical Social Workers In Diagnosing Bipolar Disorder In Children And Adolescents, Ashley Caroline Petitt Aug 2011

The Experiences Of Clinical Social Workers In Diagnosing Bipolar Disorder In Children And Adolescents, Ashley Caroline Petitt

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a diagnosis that an increasing number of individuals under the age of 18 are being given, despite the fact that the DSM-IV has no description or criteria of what BD in this age group looks like. The purpose of this exploratory study was to look at the experiences of clinical social workers who have diagnosed BD in children and adolescents. To do so, eleven social workers who have a Master's of Social Work were interviewed using a standardized open-ended interview guide. The major findings of this study follow. Participants reported having diagnosed significantly more adolescents with …


Relationships Between Fathers' Attachment, Their Parenting Behaviors And Child Adjustment, Cristy Salome Ricaurte Aug 2011

Relationships Between Fathers' Attachment, Their Parenting Behaviors And Child Adjustment, Cristy Salome Ricaurte

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This study explored how fathers' attachment in close relationships (as measured by three dimensions--(a) comfort with dependency, (b) comfort with closeness, and (c) relationship anxiety) relates to their observed parenting behaviors, and how the fathers' attachment dimensions are related to their children's adjustment outcomes. Differences in attachment dimensions between Mexican American and Caucasian fathers were also explored. The sample included in the analysis was a subset from the Supporting Father Involvement study based in California. Participants were ninety fathers, predominantly low-income, with two thirds Mexican American and approximately one fourth European American. The findings indicated that fathers' attachment was related …


Seeing The Light In Psychotherapy : Exploring Transformational Change Through Object Relations, Self Psychology And Transpersonal Psychology, Tiffany Anne Romer Aug 2011

Seeing The Light In Psychotherapy : Exploring Transformational Change Through Object Relations, Self Psychology And Transpersonal Psychology, Tiffany Anne Romer

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This theoretical study examines the phenomenon of transformational change (TC) and explores how mental health clinicians can use object relations theory and self psychology along with transpersonal psychology to increase understanding of TC. Initially an established conception of TC is presented. Next, TC is compared with similar phenomena; spiritual awakenings, mystical experiences and quantum change. Then the history of spirituality and religion within the fields of psychology, social work, and substance abuse are reviewed. From this historical review it is inferred that a predominantly disparaging view of religion has created a therapeutic environment inhospitable to exploration profound spiritual experiences. This …


Trauma In Adults With Developmental Disabilities : An Analysis Of Trauma Theory And Behavior Modification, Lauren Rae Rosenblum Aug 2011

Trauma In Adults With Developmental Disabilities : An Analysis Of Trauma Theory And Behavior Modification, Lauren Rae Rosenblum

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This theoretical study explored the phenomenon of trauma in adults with developmental disabilities. The study examined adults with developmental disabilities' vulnerabilities to abusive conditions and systemic oppression, increasing the populations' risk of traumatization. The study analyzed trauma theory and behavior modification, comparing the prevalence and treatment implications of each theory on adults with persons with developmental disabilities. Furthermore, findings indicated that there were limitations in research and access to trauma-based therapy, while behavior modification was predominantly used as a treatment remedy. This report concludes with recommendations for the social worker and mental health fields.


The Role Of Language In Therapy : How Bilingual/Multilingual Therapists Experience Their Work With Bilingual/Multilingual Clients, Sofia Maia Rosenblum Aug 2011

The Role Of Language In Therapy : How Bilingual/Multilingual Therapists Experience Their Work With Bilingual/Multilingual Clients, Sofia Maia Rosenblum

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

Bilingualism and multilingualism have not been afforded adequate exploration in clinical social work practice. This exploratory study examined the experiences of bilingual/multilingual therapists working with bilingual/multilingual clients. Utilizing interviews with twelve bilingual/multilingual therapists who were linguistically diverse, this study looked at the process of language switching in therapy, the effects of shared versus different languages on countertransference experiences, the interview subjects' conceptualizations of linguistic identity and how these identities have come to influence professional development, as well as the role that language plays in academic and training settings for mental health practitioners. The findings of the research showed the natural …


Mothers' Feelings About Physical And Emotional Intimacy Twelve To Fifteen Months After The Birth Of A First Child, Melanie Freedberg Shapiro Aug 2011

Mothers' Feelings About Physical And Emotional Intimacy Twelve To Fifteen Months After The Birth Of A First Child, Melanie Freedberg Shapiro

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This qualitative study explored first time mothers' feelings about physical and emotional intimacy twelve to fifteen (12-15) months the birth of a first child. It also looked to understand what factors mothers thought would improve intimacy with their partners during this time period. The transition to parenthood prompted a change in many mothers' feelings about intimacy and changes in their relationship with their husbands and themselves. Twelve mothers' who had their first child twelve to fifteen (12-15) months ago, who were married for at least two years participated in the study. All participants answered open-ended interview questions focusing on the …


Transgender Perspectives On Accessible Primary Healthcare : A Mixed Method Study, Ann Marie Coakley Aug 2011

Transgender Perspectives On Accessible Primary Healthcare : A Mixed Method Study, Ann Marie Coakley

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This mixed method study was undertaken to explore and describe the transgender perspective of socially sensitive and medically competent primary healthcare provision. So far the focus of activists and researchers has concerned the barriers to care rather than positive models of the transgender healthcare experience. To gather viewpoints nationally from people of various transgender identities, an internet survey was conducted yielding responses from 116 participants from ages 18 to 72. Quantitative data was gathered on demographic, gender identities and present healthcare access and quality. Qualitative questions were asked about positive models for accessible healthcare in four areas: office structure, staff …


Interdisciplinary Collaboration In A Psychiatric Treatment Setting : A Project Based Upon An Investigation At Bradley Hospital, Riverside, Rhode Island, Timothy John Albro Aug 2011

Interdisciplinary Collaboration In A Psychiatric Treatment Setting : A Project Based Upon An Investigation At Bradley Hospital, Riverside, Rhode Island, Timothy John Albro

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This purpose of this exploratory, qualitative study was to explore interdisciplinary collaboration as experienced by clinicians in a psychiatric hospital setting, where collaboration is a routine part of mental health treatment. This study examined how individual practitioners brought their unique theoretical and personal perspectives to their work, and how interdisciplinary collaboration shaped their own clinical thinking and actions. The subjects in this research were social workers, psychiatrists, and psychologists, working in clinical roles at Bradley Psychiatric Hospital for Children and Adolescents in Riverside, RI.; they were divided into two focus groups, each meeting for one and a half hours. Questions …


Measuring The Cultural Competence Of Hospice Social Workers Using The Multicultural Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale-Racial Diversity Form, Revised Version For Use In Hospice Settings, Jessica Moore Begans Aug 2011

Measuring The Cultural Competence Of Hospice Social Workers Using The Multicultural Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale-Racial Diversity Form, Revised Version For Use In Hospice Settings, Jessica Moore Begans

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

Although about 40% of American deaths occur in hospice care, and although social workers are members of nearly all hospice teams, there is scant research on the cross-cultural practices and competence of hospice social workers. Before this study, no self-report cultural competence scale was available to measure the perceived cultural competence skills of hospice social workers. To address this issue, a validated cross-cultural competence scale, the Multicultural Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale – Racial Diversity (Sheu, 2005) was modified to reflect the functions of hospice social workers. The revised scale (Begans, 2011) was completed by 33 hospice social workers in a New …


The Use Of Art In The Therapeutic Setting By Graduate Level Clinicians, Alison Ruth Kemple Aug 2011

The Use Of Art In The Therapeutic Setting By Graduate Level Clinicians, Alison Ruth Kemple

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This exploratory descriptive study surveyed clinicians and art therapists about their use of art in the therapeutic setting. The survey was done online eliciting both responses to a questionnaire and also collecting brief narrative elaborations of participants' questionnaire answers in dialogue boxes. A significant finding is that clinicians and art therapists who participated in this study reported the use of art in a myriad of clinical locations and types of practices, as well as using art for various mental/ emotional difficulties. One unexpected finding is that some participants were adamant in their opinions that art therapy should not be used …


Narratives Of Resilience : Stories Of Survival Among Rwandan Women Who Endured The 1994 Genocide, Leah Krieger Aug 2011

Narratives Of Resilience : Stories Of Survival Among Rwandan Women Who Endured The 1994 Genocide, Leah Krieger

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This qualitative thesis explores resiliency factors of 17 Rwandan women who survived the 1994 genocide. The psychological symptoms of trauma and resiliency research are explored as well as narrative healing techniques. The thesis uses secondary data of unedited testimonies collected after the genocide in Rwanda and qualitatively codes for resiliency. The research shows that the following factors aided in resiliency with this population: courage, a belief in God, carrying on the legacy of their family, communal support and a purpose in life. This body of work emphasizes the potential for not only healing after a trauma, but also increased growth, …


Cognitively Informed Therapeutic Relationships Between Dogs And Humans : A Project Based Upon An Independent Investigation, Dawn Marie Colinan Aug 2011

Cognitively Informed Therapeutic Relationships Between Dogs And Humans : A Project Based Upon An Independent Investigation, Dawn Marie Colinan

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

Humans and dogs have been interacting and building relationship for what is thought to be tens of thousands of years. Within the last few generations, attention has been paid to the potential therapeutic effects of this relationship. Beneficial effects have been observed for many years. Recently, criticisms in methodology from primarily qualitative and anecdotal data have suggested that evidence is weak. Ethology, the study of animal behavior, is accustomed to experimental procedures. Typically studying wild species, ethology presents a fortunate opportunity to apply its rigorous scientific methodology to the therapeutic literature being critiqued. Ethology has evolutionary theory as its foundational …


Patriarchy And The Trap Of Masculinity : A Post-Colonial Analysis Of Violence Against Sexual Minorities In Uganda, Sarah Elspeth Coughtry Aug 2011

Patriarchy And The Trap Of Masculinity : A Post-Colonial Analysis Of Violence Against Sexual Minorities In Uganda, Sarah Elspeth Coughtry

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This theoretical study examines the causes and socio-historical factors behind maleperpetrated violence against sexual minorities in Uganda. Violence against sexual minorities is a widely overlooked societal problem in Uganda, as it is in many areas of the world where homosexual acts are criminalized. As sexual minorities gain visibility and seek basic human rights in their country, they are met with a violent backlash fueled by homophobia and heterosexist ideology. Most of these acts of violence are committed by males, and many go unreported. While various theorists have explored how homophobia, heterosexism and patriarchy play a role in violence against sexual …


Examining The Relationship Between Human Sexuality Training And Therapist Comfort With Addressing Sexuality With Clients, Cari Lee Merritt Aug 2011

Examining The Relationship Between Human Sexuality Training And Therapist Comfort With Addressing Sexuality With Clients, Cari Lee Merritt

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between human sexuality training and clinical social workers' comfort with addressing sexuality issues with clients. A mixed methods survey was responded to by 90 participants who had graduated from Smith SSW between the years 2000 and 2009. Participants were asked questions pertaining to their level of comfort with discussions about sexuality; their attitudes about sexuality; and their knowledge and comfort with issues regarding erotic transference. The results of this study indicate that participants who received human sexuality training had a greater degree of comfort with discussing sexuality issues with their …


Juvenile Justice Through A Gender Variant Lens : An Exploratory Study Of The Experience Of Providers Working With Gender Variant Youth In California Juvenile Justice Facilities, Laura Elaine Dutton Aug 2011

Juvenile Justice Through A Gender Variant Lens : An Exploratory Study Of The Experience Of Providers Working With Gender Variant Youth In California Juvenile Justice Facilities, Laura Elaine Dutton

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This qualitative study aimed to explore the experience of service providers in juvenile justice facilities in the San Francisco Bay Area, specifically with regard to their work with gender variant youth. Additionally, it focused on how SB 518, the CA Juvenile Justice Safety and Protection Act, impacted service provision within the juvenile justice system. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 providers who were employed at the time of SB 518 passing. The findings suggest that gender variant youth are present in juvenile justice facilities and face multiple challenges while navigating the juvenile justice system. Providers interviewed did not have an …


Cinematic Sessions : The Ethics Of Therapy In Hollywood Film, Meredith Kendra Flouton-Barnes Aug 2011

Cinematic Sessions : The Ethics Of Therapy In Hollywood Film, Meredith Kendra Flouton-Barnes

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This qualitative study was undertaken to examine how the therapeutic process is depicted in modern films produced for American audiences over the past two decades, with special reference to how the conventions of ethics in therapy are treated, and to discuss the implications of these findings for clinical practice. A sample of 50 films that featured at least one scene of individual therapy was identified and surveyed using a coding scheme developed for this project. The domains of interest included: clinician, client, and session demographics, and adherence to ethical standards as portrayed in therapy scenes. This study was undertaken to …


Using Marriage To Protect White Supremacy And Heterosexual Privilege : A Historical Analysis Of Marriage Law In The United States, Katharine Franks Kyros Aug 2011

Using Marriage To Protect White Supremacy And Heterosexual Privilege : A Historical Analysis Of Marriage Law In The United States, Katharine Franks Kyros

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This study tracks the ways that the regulation of marriage in the United States has been used to oppress populations and protect privilege, specifically focusing on racial and heterosexual privilege. Looking at the intersection of oppression with marriage law in the United States, the more specific concepts of othering, marginalization, and institutional discrimination are addressed. The United States had laws prohibiting interracial marriage in place from 1630 until these laws were declared unconstitutional by the US Supreme Court in 1967. Miscegenation laws were used to target and punish individuals engaging in relationships that threatened the social order. The exclusion of …


Parents' Perceptions Of The Impact Of Teachers' Attitudes And Behaviors On The Social-Emotional Functioning Of Children With Adhd/Add, Margaret Elizabeth Gaskell Aug 2011

Parents' Perceptions Of The Impact Of Teachers' Attitudes And Behaviors On The Social-Emotional Functioning Of Children With Adhd/Add, Margaret Elizabeth Gaskell

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD/ADD) is the most common childhood psychiatric disorder, affecting attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, in 3 to 7 percent of school age children (American Psychiatric Association, 2000; Daley and Birchwood, 2010). ADHD/ADD can impact all aspects of life, in particularly school and social-emotional functioning (Mash and Barkley, 2006; Daley and Birchwood, 2010). Few studies have directly examined teachers' attitudes and behaviors related to teaching children with ADHD/ADD (Kos, Richdale, and Hay, 2006). The goal of this study was to explore the impact of teacher attitudes and behaviors on the social and emotional functioning of children with ADHD/ADD, …


"A Certain Dream" : The Political Potential For Therapy By Activist Clinical Social Workers, Anna Rachel Cable Aug 2011

"A Certain Dream" : The Political Potential For Therapy By Activist Clinical Social Workers, Anna Rachel Cable

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

In this study, I explore the integration of clinical and political levels of practice among clinical social workers who self-identify as political activists. Particular attention was paid to treatment issues with clients from oppressed populations, and to the benefits and drawbacks of particular clinical theories for addressing social conditions in the lives of these clients. Paolo Friere's Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1970) serves a theoretical backdrop. Specifically, Friere's concept of conscientization, the practice of building the capacity for critical consciousness and reflective action, served as a framework for the study. Eleven social workers were interviewed for this study, which was …


The Impact Of The Gender Binary On Gender Nonconforming Females' Lives And Psyches Over Time : An Exploratory Study, Samantha Mayne Miller Aug 2011

The Impact Of The Gender Binary On Gender Nonconforming Females' Lives And Psyches Over Time : An Exploratory Study, Samantha Mayne Miller

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

The purpose of this research is to explore the impact of the systematically imposed gender binary on the lives and psyches of gender non-conforming females over time. To pursue this qualitative research, I conducted single, exploratory, hour-long interviews with eight gender nonconforming females aged 59 years and older. The interviews touched upon many themes including the multiple ways participants' identify their gender, sex, and sexuality (and the developmental trajectory of each); how each participant relates to notions of the gender binary; participants' experiences as gender nonconforming young people, or "tomboys"; ways that families, institutions and the general public have performed …


Leaving The Drug Addict Role And Creating A Recovering Identity-Variations By Gender : A Qualitative Study, Georgiana Mora Aug 2011

Leaving The Drug Addict Role And Creating A Recovering Identity-Variations By Gender : A Qualitative Study, Georgiana Mora

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This study seeks to understand gender variance when an individual leaves a "drug addict role" and creates a "recovering addict role" within the ideological constraints of 12-step programs (Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous). Noting the limitations of addiction literature when examining the experiences of the entire gender variation spectrum, the researcher set out to identify whether this process varied among the genders and explore these results. Twelve qualitative interviews were conducted with addicts of various genders who had at least one year of sobriety within the 12-step program of Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous. Participants were asked to share their …


"It Feels Like The First Time" : The Use And Implications Of A Chronological Approach For Treatment Of Multiple Traumas With Eye Movement Desensitization And Reprocessing, Michelle M. Marchese Aug 2011

"It Feels Like The First Time" : The Use And Implications Of A Chronological Approach For Treatment Of Multiple Traumas With Eye Movement Desensitization And Reprocessing, Michelle M. Marchese

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This study was undertaken to determine if mental health clinicians employ a chronological approach to organizing the treatment of multiple traumas while using the EMDR modality. Secondly, the opinions of these therapists were mined to see if they believe that working on chronologically earlier traumatic memories decreases the distress and PTSD symptoms related to later traumatic events and also if it positive affects a client's ability to trust and participate in trauma-focused treatment. An online survey was sent to three EMDR list serves as well as to the professional contacts of participant EMDR practitioners. Forty-three participants completed the survey, which …


Encompassing Acholi Values : Culturally Ethical Reintegration Ideology For Formerly Abducted Youth Of The Lord's Resistance Army In Northern Uganda, Neil James Bilotta Aug 2011

Encompassing Acholi Values : Culturally Ethical Reintegration Ideology For Formerly Abducted Youth Of The Lord's Resistance Army In Northern Uganda, Neil James Bilotta

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

The focus of this study was to explore the historical underpinnings of culturally specific "healing" strategies associated with returning formerly abducted children in northern Uganda, post captivity in the Lord's Resistance Army rebel group. Although studies exist that examined both individualistic and collective approaches to aid in the reintegration process for youth who escape the war, there is minimal literature focusing on the cultural implications of Western therapeutic interventions for former child combatants in northern Uganda. Are Western mental health practitioners culturally aware of the distinctions between the Western world and that of Acholi youth? Are traditional Acholi values maintained …


Ghosts Of The Past : Polio Survivors Confront Post Polio Syndrome, Arianna Louise Opsvig Aug 2011

Ghosts Of The Past : Polio Survivors Confront Post Polio Syndrome, Arianna Louise Opsvig

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This qualitative study explores the experience, attitudes, and coping skills of polio survivors confronting post polio syndrome (PPS), the re-emergence of polio-related symptoms in older age. It asks the question, ""What are the experiences and attitudes among individuals experiencing PPS towards declining physical functioning and secondary disability, and what are the resiliencies and coping strategies they are drawing upon in confronting symptoms?" This study seeks to provide social workers with a more richly described narrative of the resiliencies, approaches to coping, and challenges confronted by those with PPS than has been provided by past literature. Furthermore, it seeks to provide …


Mujeres Cultivando Raices : The Experience Of Mexican Migrant Farmworking Women And How They Cope In Reaction To Stress, Joana Padilla Zapata Aug 2011

Mujeres Cultivando Raices : The Experience Of Mexican Migrant Farmworking Women And How They Cope In Reaction To Stress, Joana Padilla Zapata

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This qualitative study investigates the subjective experiences of Mexican migrant farmworking women in the South Texas region. This study will provide an understanding of how stress of the migrant farmwork lifestyle affects Mexican migrant farmworking women. Specifically, the line of inquiry is guided by one main research question: How do Mexican migrant farmworking women cope in reaction to stress? This study reviews a range of literature on migrant farmworkers and the significant stressors they are faced with. Through their own narratives, 12 female Mexican migrant farmworkers from the South Texas region reveal how they are confronted with the complex stressors …


Clinical Use Of Music As An Adjunct To Evidence-Based Treatment For Treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Levin Jaered Sibley-Schwartz Aug 2011

Clinical Use Of Music As An Adjunct To Evidence-Based Treatment For Treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Levin Jaered Sibley-Schwartz

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

Substantial efforts have been made to provide evidence based therapeutic treatment for combat veterans seeking mental health services for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Due to the clinical complexity of PTSD, discovering a muti-effect approach treating both the diagnostically significant PTS symptoms as well as the non-diagnostic associated features of PTSD would be beneficial. This independent investigation was developed to explore the relationship of music to the current evidence-based treatment practices for PTSD. The researcher explored the relationship between the physiological, psychological and social effects of both music and PTSD, the mechanisms of change intrinsic to PTSD therapy, and the clinical …