Digital Commons Network^™

An Automated Tungsten Source Sensitometer, Michael L. Rudolph

Theses

The design and evaluation of an automated tungsten source sensitometer are described. Design considerations are outlined. Equipment performance is evaluated and found to exceed the specifications developed. The unit is currently being used to support production testing.

The Effects Of Common Solvents On Different Types Of Flexographic Printing Plates, Jack Jenkins

Theses

A dynamic development which has sparked flexography is the introduction and use of photopolymer plates. These plates have simplified flexographic printing by reducing the amount of time and effort needed to prepare plates for press and makeready. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of commonly used solvent mixtures on flexographic plates. The plates tested include those using natural rubber, Buna N, and various photopolymers. The experiment specifically studied change in hardness of these plate materials due to immersion in different solvent mixtures over time. Noticeable differances in the degree of softening of plates was observed after 24 hours …

An Analysis Of Stroke Fluid Flow In A Converging Channel Using A Penalty Function Finite Element Formulation, Keith A. Honkala

Theses

A penalty function finite element program is developed to study two dimensional creeping flow in a converging channel. The finite element solution is compared to the analytical solution of purely radial flow. The analysis reveals that the assumption of purely radial flow is valid for small apex angles, but is inappropriate for larger angles .

Determining Process Latitude With Electrically Measurable Test Structures, Jonathan Littlehale

Theses

Collection of linewidth data is an important part of photoresist characterization. Linewidth data are usually collected by optical measurements or scanning electron microscopy. Both of these techniques are tedious and time-consuming. In this work, electrically measurable test structures are used to collect linewidth data. These structures use a measured sheet resistance, a known length of conducting material, and the measured resistance of the structure to determine the linewidth. The benefits of using these structures include completely automated data collection and the ability to collect statistically significant amounts of data. This allows the use of existing statistical analysis software to analyze …

Simulation Of An Open-Loop Stepping Motor System, Gregory Bell

Theses

This report presents a description and functional model of a hybrid stepping motor drive system. The motor drive methods of fullstepping and backstepping are presented as examples. Test methods for system characterization are described, and response characteristics for the simulated and experimental results are compared to verify the model. This paper shows that an open-loop stepping motor drive system can be accurately simulated to predict real hardware performance.

Optimization Of An Elastic Drive Belt System Using An Algorithm Of Automated Optimal Design, Gerald T. Lioy

Theses

In this design project an elastic drive belt system is optimized using an algorithm of automated optional design, AOD. First, some basic background information on AOD and elastic drive belt systems is reviewed. An elastic drive belt system configuration is defined, mathematically formulated, and optimized. The mathematical formulation, including a set of constraints, is completely derived. It is set up to be as general as possible so that it may be applied to a wide variety of different problems. In several places the formulation uses the recommendations of an elastic drive belt manufacturer for a good design. A sample design …

Model Automatic Focusing System For Linewidth Measuring Instruments, John Ingraham

Theses

This paper discusses research on an automatic focusing system for IC-linewidth measuring instruments. The instrument incorporates a collimated light source, a device to move a sample in small, precise increments, and a charge-coupled device. The autofocusing model would measure the step-height of a dielectric sample and correlate the height to a focus position. Thickness of samples on an enlarged scale were measured to verify the feasibility of this device.

The Use Of Edge Gradient Analysis On Chrome And Emulsion Photomasks To Determine Modulation Transfer Functions, Marcy E. Levin

Theses

Using edge gradient analysis on chrome and emulsion photomasks to determine the modulation transfer function of a mask making system proved to be limited by the method in which the edge gradients were observed. Scanning electron micrographs were taken of the chrome and emulsion edges on various masks, and results showed that chrome photosmasks exhibit steeper gradients and better edge acuity than emulsion images. However, due to the ratio of line size to gradient size on each of the types of masks, it was decided that the gradient would not make a significant contribution to modulation loss in the image.

The Effects Of Partial Coherence On The Imaging Of Lines On Photoresist, Robert Douglas Watso

Theses

A series of images of a AMI/RIT resolution mask was imaged at the following partial coherence values: 0.7, 0.65, 0.6, 0.55, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, and 0.35. The line-width and slope of the 10 micron lines imaged at each particular partial coherence value was analyzed and evaluated. The slope of the developed photoresist sidewall improved significantly with a decrease in partial coherent illumination, except for the 0.7 to 0.65, range while the line-width decreased.

The Effect Of Cross-Coupling On The Temporal Response Of Ultrasonic Transducer Arrays, David Hadley

Theses

An investigation was performed examining a possible cause of acoustic cross-coupling in ultrasonic transducer arrays. It was postulated that pulse velocity was decreased due to the physical presence of other ultrasonic pulses in the medium. It was demonstrated that average pulse velocity is independent of the number of opposing waves traveling through an acoustic medium. A description of variable pulse velocity is discussed.

Spectrophotometric Color Formulation Based On Two-Constant Kubelka-Munk Theory, Eric Walowit

Theses

A new approach to computer color formulation based on non-linear least-squares techniques has been developed to characterize colorants and predict their behavior in mixtures. This approach allows the optimization of absorption and scattering calculations to characterize these colorants. This same method has been used to directly match the spectral reflectance of a standard with a mixture of colorants that yields nearly the same spectral reflectance as the standard being matched. Several advantages have been gained over more traditional methods: Kubelka-Munk K and S has been determined without primary binary blends, the spectral reflectance of the standard and proposed formulation exhibit …

A Method For Comparison Of Anti-Reflection Coatings For Photoresist Via A Simple Computer Algorithm, Neil Levine

Theses

A method was achieved to allow a quantitative and rapid comparison of different anti-reflection coatings (ARC) used under the photoresist layer in semiconductor-device fabrication. The computer algorithm utilizes the spectral irradiance of the source, reflectance of the substrate, absorption of the photoresist and ARC, and the spectral sensitivity of the photoresist to provide a quantitative value of the total system response to reflectance. The algorithm was tested by correlating the resultant value with photoresist resolution on aluminum, polysilicon, and 2nd-oxide process layers, and found to be linear with an R-squared value of 0.99S5 within the region investigated. Subsequent statistical analysis …

Case Study Of Installing A Research Project Cost Accounting System, Marjorie Rolfsmeyer

Theses

The thesis, Case Study of Installing a Research Project Cost Accounting System by Marjorie Rolfsmeyer, explores the development and implementation of a computerized cost accounting system for research and development (R&D) projects within the Health Care Division of a major corporation. The author identifies the unique challenges of research cost accounting, which differs from traditional manufacturing cost systems due to its unpredictable nature and project-specific expenditures.

The study outlines the purpose of a project cost accounting system, emphasizing its role in budgeting, financial tracking, and managerial decision-making. It discusses how cost control mechanisms, including detailed expense reporting, job numbering, and …

A Study To Eliminate Moire Patterns Produced In Color Separations When Scanning Polachrome Cs Transparency Film On The Hell Dc-300 B/L Laser Scanner, Edwin Parker Price

Theses

The Polaroid Corporation, in May of 1983, introduced Polachrome CS color transparency film and a new process called the Autoprocess system. This system offers the convenience of obtaining instant color transparencies in about three minutes. The film has excellent projection and viewing characteristics. The product was designed to have its largest market with professional photographers. Polachrome's construction creates problems for the printer in that moire patterns occur during the separation process. This study gives a short background for both additive color screen films and dye layer films, and a comparison is made to help the reader understand the problems with …

The Fabrication And Testing Of A Lead Iodide Photovoltaic Cell, Keith Greenberg

Theses

A new type of photovoltaic cell using lead iodide as the photosensitive element and aluminum and silver as electrodes was constructed and then tested for open circuit voltage, monochromatic quantum yield of short circuit current, and fill factor. A similar cell was also fabricated using the familiar merocyanine dye M-8 as the photosensitive element for use in a control experiment. Minimal open circuit voltages of not more than 26 mV were obtained for lead iodide while much larger photovoltaic parameters were obtained for M-8. The poor and impermanent performance of lead iodide relative to the organic control suggests that lead …

Failure Rates And Leakage Current Increase In Tantalum Capacitors Of Different Manufacturers, Joseph G. Grant

Theses

This study has determined the effect of high humidity and temperature on solid tantalum capacitors, from five different sources.

The reasons for using capacitors from five different prestigious sources is to first determine how the parameters change with the different manufacturing techniques used by the different sources. Secondly to rank the different sources according to reliability. The parameters that were measured before and after the "1000 hour" high temperature and humidity test were, capacitance, leakage current, and equivalent series resistance. All the capacitors showed significant increase in leakage current after the test, but there were wide variations in catastrophic failure …

On Circular Hvac Duct Design Through Stress Analysis, Chien-Chung Lee

Theses

In this thesis, comprehensive studies through stress analysis of the circular HVAC ducts are made. The ducts are made of thin gaged steel sheet, and reinforced by stiffeners that are made of hot-rolled steel sections of L or C shapes. The ducts are loaded with pressure, its own weight and the possible seismic accelerations. A comprehensive FORTRAN program is developed as an aid Lo achieving the optimum design of circular ducts, i.e. duct thickness, stiffener spacing, stiffener size and seismic span length, Several stress analysis tables and a design parameter plot arc, provided in this thesis Lo facilitate design optimization.

A Comparison Of Training Available To Entry Level Naval And Merchant Marine Engineroom Personnel, Paul J. Bugelski

Theses

Similarities between occupations or industrial environments are often overshadowed by differences between goals, services, or products. From the time that shipboard steam propulsion became a practicality the Naval and merchant marine services have experienced this phenomena. For various reasons, the two sectors have ignored similarities between their respective occupational sub-groups, e.g. engineroom crews, and the training which facilitates each group's performance.

Manning and training problems, related to the evolution of automated shipboard propulsion plants, have been shared by the U.S. Navy and commercial ship operators. Recent events such as the British Falkland Islands crisis and the implementation of the U.S. …

A Diagnostic Study Of Burning Black Powder Via Stroboscopic Laser Schlieren Photography, Donald Bruce Rowland

Theses

The combustion processes and products of a single grain of burning black powder were experimentally investigated via the stroboscopic laser schlieren photographic technique. A high power modulated argon laser system was used in conjunction with a streak camera to provide a dynamic sequence of time resolved, high resolution schlieren photographs of a burning black powder grain. When black powder burns, a multi-phase product is produced consisting of hot gases, solid particles, and a molten liquid spray. The expansion processes of this multi-phase product cloud were recorded and characterized. Molten drops, reactive and nonreactive particles within as well as outside of …

A Cogeneration Industrial Park In An Urban Environment In The Year 2000, Raymond T. Scott

Theses

An investigation into the feasibilty of placing an industrial park in an urban environment in the year 2000 was made. A selected cogeneration facility located within the park would supply electricity and process steam to the industries with minimal transmission costs and environmental effects. A projection was made on the industries that would exhibit growth to the end of this century, and yet be environmentally benign in nature. These industries would be placed within the industrial park. The selection of the cogeneration facility was based upon projections of fuel availability, environmental factors and available technologies. Socio-economic factors and the effects …

A Maintenance Program Guide For The Non-Technical Building Manager, Luis M. Tavares

Theses

For the most part, the title of Building Manager is conferred upon an individual who is given the responsibility of services support for a facility. However, this title many times is carried by men/women who are responsible not only for the upkeep of the general building, janitorial, and food services but also for the safekeeping of the building equipment, such as mechanical and electrical machinery. At times, these individuals may be involved with general service responsibilities and tend to lose sight of maintenance needs.

In order for the Building Manager to implement maintenance successfully, he/she must understand the close cooperative …

Comparative Study Of Computational Methods For Kinematics Of Mechanism Analysis, Ren-Jea Wang

Theses

This thesis introduces three numerical methods of solving nonlinear algebraic equations, i.e. Newton's method, Brown's method, and Brent's method, and applies these methods to kinematics of mechanism problems for comparative study.

Firstly, each method is reviewed in some detail. Then experimental computer programs, NABKAP(Nonlinear Algebraic equations Based Kinematic Analysis Programs), are developed based on the above methods and used to solve kinematic of mechanism problems. Example problems include various kinds of four-bar mechanisms and two degree of freedom mechanism. Lastly, each technique is compared with the others based on the above computational experiences.

The FORTRAN programs used for this study …

A Global Resource Allocation Model For An Electrical Utility, Pantelis G. Tinios

Theses

The management of the electric utility company, as the management of any other company, has to make important decisions which will have a direct impact on the company's future operations.

In this study, a global model was devised which enables the management to make more intelligent decisions related to the company's planning process.

The company's goals and subgoals are formulated, in a systematic way, into the mathematical model along with operational and financial constraints. Productivity growth, steady labor force, fuel availability, cash flow requirements, share rating, and coverage were some of the goals to be achieved. The goal programming technique …

Simulation Of The Manufacturing System : A General Discussion, Di-Cheing Chien

Theses

This thesis treats the problem of multi-variable sensitivity analysis in a production system which may be used in investigating a variety of characteristics of a flow production system which involve idle time, cost, production rate, ect. are the subjects of the analysis.

The analysis procedure follows the rule of INPUT/OUTPUT through a production process. A simple system model using elements such as : raw material, transfer tool, labor, machine and energy/ or electrical power, is used to lead into the construction of dependent-variable system. A utilization is made of industrial robots as well as humans in loading and unloading machines …

Conversion And Kinetics In The Reaction Of Chloroform With Water Vapor At High Temperatures, Chii-Guang Hwang

Theses

This is an experimental study on thermolytic reactions of chloroform with excess water vapor where kinetic parameters are determined and complete product analysis made at atmospheric pressure over a temperature range from 550to 1050°C. In this study, water vapor was introduced as a reactant to convert chlorine in chlorocarbons to stable HCl which is an easily neutralized end-product and thereby completely destroy chloroform. Substantial amounts of thermodynamically stable species: HCl, CO, CO₂, C(s) etc. were observed as products.

The reaction was studied in a 46cm tubular flow reactor mounted in a furnace that had three independently temperature-controlled heating …

Design Criteria Of Three-Phase Three-Element Power Directional Relay Under Asymetrical Faults, Fidelis Wagoela Dakogol

Theses

An analytical investigation has been conducted on a three-phase three-machine network power system to determine the optimum Scheme of Connections of the three-phase three-element power directional relay in which the torques of the three independent dynamometer operate on a common axis providing mechanical summation of torques proportional to the power components at the terminals of different phases.

The operation of three-phase, three-element power directional relay is determined by the summation of current and voltage systems having the same phase sequences which is governed by the form of power expression that is proportional to the resulting torque for the various combinations …

Keeping Up With Technological Change, Karlis V. Kopans

Theses

Advances in technology over the past fifty (50) years have changed virtually everything that touches our lives today to some degree. However, in the last five years or so, these innovations have been combined into products and systems which have visibly begun to change society as we have known it in the past.

Only in recent years, have the affects of technological change or innovation on society begun to be examined. While a fair amount of literature has been published to date on specific areas of technological change, few publications have been produced which provide a general overview of the …

Reactions Of Hydrogen With Chloroform And Trichloroethylene At High Temperatures, Burhan Mahmood

Theses

The reactions of chloroform and trichloroethylene with hydrogen in the temperature range 550 to 1000°C were studied using tubular flow reactors of varying diameters. The residence time range was from 0.05 to 3.0 seconds.Two different concentrations of the chlorinated species were used, each with hydrogen in large excess. Flat temperature profiles (+/- 5°C) were achieved over 80 to 85 per cent of the 45 cm long reaction zone, with inlet gases preheated to about 400°C.

No chlorinated hydrocarbons, products or reactants were observed at /above 850°C. The major products at these temperatures were C₂H₂, C_{2 …}

A Comparison Of The Biodegradation Of Phenol And O-Chlorophenol Using A Municipal Mixed Liquor And Three Commercial Microbial Preparations, Nigel P. Mcmullen

Theses

The biodegradation of phenol and O-chlorophenol was studied in six-liter batch reactors, using a municipal mixed liquor (from the Livingston, NJ treatment plant) that had not previously been exposed to either of the substrates. In addition, three commercial microbial preparations: BI-CHEM (Sybron), Hydrobac (Polybac), and LLMO (General Environmental Science), were tested alone and in combination with the municipal mixed liquor.

It was found that the municipal mixed liquor performed significantly better than any of the commercial preparations by themselves. When the commercial preparations were mixed with the municipal mixed liquor in a ratio of 1:10 it was found that the …

The Static Analysis Of A Complex Optical-Mechanical System Utilizing The Finite Element Method, Thaddeus A. Kciuk

Theses

This thesis utilizes the finite element method (MSC/NASTRAN) to perform an analysis on an optical-mechanical laser scanner used in the imaging industry. A Normal Modes analysis was conducted to determine the real eigenvalues and their associated eigenvectors. The results of the analysis (modal frequencies and modal shapes) were then compared with empirical data measured using a FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) analyzer with modal software (Hewlett Packard 5423A Dynamic Signal Analyzer). The dynamic characteristics of the system optical output beam and optical components were evaluated by simulating the optical components using rigid bar elements. A modal frequency response analysis was performed …