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Deep Learning For Medical Imaging In A Biased Environment, Usman Mahmood
Deep Learning For Medical Imaging In A Biased Environment, Usman Mahmood
Theses
Deep learning (DL) based applications have successfully solved numerous problems in machine perception. In radiology, DL-based image analysis systems are rapidly evolving and show progress in guiding treatment decisions, diagnosing, localizing disease on medical images, and improving radiologists' workflow. However, many DL-based radiological systems fail to generalize when deployed in new hospital settings, and the causes of these failures are not always clear. Although significant effort continues to be invested in applying DL algorithms to radiological data, many open questions and issues that arise from incomplete datasets remain. To bridge the gap, we first review the current state of artificial …
Bioinformatics Analyses Of New Genes Of Focus In The Research Of Autism With Dogs, Rats, And A Variety Of Other Model Organisms, Aaron Pennington
Bioinformatics Analyses Of New Genes Of Focus In The Research Of Autism With Dogs, Rats, And A Variety Of Other Model Organisms, Aaron Pennington
Theses
Autism is a mental disorder in which multiple genes are involved in the development of its various symptoms. However, as a result of the challenges inherent to identifying the responsible genes, many studies are ongoing and inconclusive. 1 To date, studies have shown that two genes, BAG3 and PALLD, were upregulated in autistic individuals. 2–6 BAG3 encodes BAG cochaperone 3 32; while PALLD encodes Palladin, Cytoskeletal Associated Protein 33. This project analyzed the similarities and differences between the human BAG3 and PALLD genes and those in various model organisms. While it is likely that epigenetic modifications affect the expression and …
Density Functional Theory Study Of Oxygen Vacancy Formation And Doping On Wollastonite Surfaces, Vedgopal Balasubramanian Govindhram
Density Functional Theory Study Of Oxygen Vacancy Formation And Doping On Wollastonite Surfaces, Vedgopal Balasubramanian Govindhram
Theses
In recent times, the rising amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere have caused a concerning increase in global warming. To combat global warming, several negative emissions technologies have been employed. One such technology is Enhanced Rock Weathering (ERW), wherein CO2 is trapped as thermodynamically stable carbonates in silicate minerals that are exposed to the atmosphere. This process happens via mineral carbonation. Wollastonite (CaSiO3) is one such silicate that has applications in ERW. Our study is focused on utilizing density functional theory-based calculations to investigate the thermodynamic stability of oxygen vacancies on the surfaces of wollastonite mineral. Formation of …
Light Directed Targeted Photodynamic Therapy Of Breast Cancer, Sara Shaut
Light Directed Targeted Photodynamic Therapy Of Breast Cancer, Sara Shaut
Theses
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women besides non-melanoma skin cancer. Even when caught in early stages, the treatment for breast cancer is often accompanied by harsh and debilitating side effects. For better quality of life, treatment options that have minimal side effects but maintain effectiveness are invaluable. If such a treatment option is a targeted form of therapy, it could selectively treat cancerous cells and not healthy cells. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively new light-based therapy that utilizes inherent photochemical properties of certain dyes called photosensitizers (PS) in order to kill cancerous cells. It shows great …
Synthesis Of Modular Do3a-Based High-Relaxivity Contrast Agents For Mri Of Prostate Cancer, Dana Qiang Murphy Soika
Synthesis Of Modular Do3a-Based High-Relaxivity Contrast Agents For Mri Of Prostate Cancer, Dana Qiang Murphy Soika
Theses
Contrast agents (CAs) are small molecules used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to help diagnose various forms of cancer. While MRI is advantageous over other clinical imaging techniques, limitations of today’s contrast agents containing gadolinium (Gd) hinder their safety, sensitivity, and specificity. The conventional CAs that MRI relies on are considered low-relaxivity and are not optimally effective at enhancing MR signal. Additionally, they lack cell-specificity and circulate throughout the body. Furthermore, unbound Gd3+ is nephrogenic which prevents its use in patients with impaired renal function. In the clinic, these limitations mean high dosages of these compounds must be administered to …
Development Of Soil Microbial Community Structure In Created And Natural Wetlands, Wendy A. Owens
Development Of Soil Microbial Community Structure In Created And Natural Wetlands, Wendy A. Owens
Theses
Wetlands are ecologically and economically important, providing ecosystem services such as biogeochemical cycling, carbon sequestration, flood mitigation, and wildlife habitat. Many of these services are the result of the unique microbial communities found in wetlands. Degradation and destruction of wetlands, from direct human development or indirect stressors caused by climate change, pollution, or invasive species, disrupts community structure and provision of services. Although restoration has been adopted as a mechanism to counteract net loss of function, the success rate in achieving functional equivalence with natural wetlands is low. To improve wetland conservation and outcomes for wetland creation, a better understanding …
Artificial Neural Network Concepts And Examples, Harcharan Kabbay
Artificial Neural Network Concepts And Examples, Harcharan Kabbay
Theses
Artificial Neural Networks have gained much media attention in the last few years. Every day, numer- ous articles on Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning exist. Both academics and business are becoming increasingly interested in deep learning. Deep learning has innumerable uses, in- cluding autonomous driving, computer vision, robotics, security and surveillance, and natural language processing. The recent development and focus have primarily been made possible by the convergence of related research efforts and the introduction of APIs like Keras. The availability of high-speed compute resources such as GPUs and TPUs has also been instrumental in developing deep learning …
Cochlear Compartments Segmentation And Pharmacokinetics Using Micro Computed Tomography Images, Sanketh Satyanarayana Moudgalya
Cochlear Compartments Segmentation And Pharmacokinetics Using Micro Computed Tomography Images, Sanketh Satyanarayana Moudgalya
Theses
Local drug delivery to the inner ear via micropump implants has the potential to be much more effective than oral drug delivery for treating patients with sensorineural hearing loss and to protect hearing from ototoxic insult due to noise exposure. Delivering appropriate concentrations of drugs to the necessary cochlear compartments is of paramount importance; however, directly measuring local drug concentrations over time throughout the cochlea is not possible. Indirect measurement using otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem response are ineffective as they only provide an estimate of concentration and are susceptible to non-linear sensitivity effects. Imaging modalities such as MRI with …
Manifold Based Deep Learning: Advances And Machine Learning Applications, Navya Nagananda
Manifold Based Deep Learning: Advances And Machine Learning Applications, Navya Nagananda
Theses
Manifolds are topological spaces that are locally Euclidean and find applications in dimensionality reduction, subspace learning, visual domain adaptation, clustering, and more. In this dissertation, we propose a framework for linear dimensionality reduction called the proxy matrix optimization (PMO) that uses the Grassmann manifold for optimizing over orthogonal matrix manifolds. PMO is an iterative and flexible method that finds the lower-dimensional projections for various linear dimensionality reduction methods by changing the objective function. PMO is suitable for Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), Maximum Autocorrelation Factors (MAF), and Locality Preserving Projections (LPP). We extend …
Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Enhancement From Complex Nanoscale Geometries, Jacob T. Waitkus
Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Enhancement From Complex Nanoscale Geometries, Jacob T. Waitkus
Theses
The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for portable, sensitive, and accurate biosensors. Here, a novel biosensor that takes advantage of localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) through unique nanoscale geometries was fabricated for sensitive detection of biomarkers. The formation of an adaptable system capable of combining with other sensing methods, such as CRISPR-Cas13a assays, allowed for the detection of specific targets to be realized. In this system, streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) hybridize with single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) before binding to the surface of gold nanomushrooms (GNMs). Through LSPR enhancement, this binding event produces a red shift in the resonance wavelength peak …
The Effects Of Overshadowing In Drosophila Melanogaster With Experimentally Evolved Preference, Jill Lee
The Effects Of Overshadowing In Drosophila Melanogaster With Experimentally Evolved Preference, Jill Lee
Theses
As seen in decades of psychology research, preferences play a major role in driving the decision-making process in both humans and animals. Researchers have advocated for using the technique of experimental evolution as a way to address some of the foundational questions on preferences. These preferences can also affect what is later learned and how well new experiences are learned. Salience is usually mentioned as an important component of what could influence preferences. Animals such as Drosophila melanogaster, that lay eggs without any additional maternal or paternal care, it is important to be selective when deciding where to lay …
Distribution Of Carrion-Associated Beetles And Their Phoretic Mites Along An Urban-Rural Gradient In Northeast Alabama, Kennedy Norris
Distribution Of Carrion-Associated Beetles And Their Phoretic Mites Along An Urban-Rural Gradient In Northeast Alabama, Kennedy Norris
Theses
Global insect decline has been linked to urbanization, most notably by habitat fragmentation. These insects perform important ecological functions such as pollination, managing pests, and decomposing carrion to recycle nutrients back into the environment. Despite the importance of nutrient recycling behavior displayed by carrion-associated beetles, little research has been done on them in the southeastern US. Previous studies have found a relationship between urbanization, less favorable environmental conditions, carrion availability, and decreased insect diversity. However, no studies have been conducted in the southeastern United States on the relationship of these beetles to their environment despite having the highest rates of …
Active Learning From Knowledge-Rich Data, Weishi Shi
Active Learning From Knowledge-Rich Data, Weishi Shi
Theses
With the ever-increasing demand for the quality and quantity of the training samples, it is difficult to replicate the success of modern machine learning models in knowledge-rich domains, where the labeled data for training is scarce and labeling new data is expensive. While machine learning and AI have achieved significant progress in many common domains, the lack of large-scale labeled data samples poses a grand challenge for the wide application of advanced statistical learning models in key knowledge-rich domains, such as medicine, biology, physical science, and more. Active learning (AL) offers a promising and powerful learning paradigm that can significantly …
A Physiological Computing System To Improve Human-Robot Collaboration By Using Human Comfort Index, Celal Savur
A Physiological Computing System To Improve Human-Robot Collaboration By Using Human Comfort Index, Celal Savur
Theses
Fluent human-robot collaboration requires a robot teammate to understand, learn, and adapt to the human's psycho-physiological state. Such collaborations require a physiological computing system that monitors human biological signals during human-robot collaboration (HRC) to quantitatively estimate a human's level of comfort, which we have termed in this research as comfortability index (CI) and uncomfortability index (UnCI). We proposed a human comfort index estimation system (CIES) that uses biological signals and subjective metrics. Subjective metrics (surprise, anxiety, boredom, calmness, and comfortability) and physiological signals were collected during a human-robot collaboration experiment that varied the robot's behavior. The emotion circumplex model is …
Critical Corridor: Survey Of Predator Occurrence And Habitat Use In A Threatened Rainforest Protected Area: Comatsa-Sud And Marojejy National Park, Madagascar, Patrick H. Ross
Theses
Madagascar is a nation praised for its floral and faunal endemism and biodiversity. Among the island nation’s most emblematic fauna are its native mammalian carnivores; they are members of the threatened and endemic Eupleridae family. The Corridor of Marojejy – Anjanaharibe Sud – Tsaratanana (COMATSA) is a system of forest protected areas in which three large protected areas are connected in northern Madagascar: Tsaratanana Reserve, Anjanaharibe Sud Special Reserve and Marojejy National Park which is also a UNESCO World Heritage site. COMATSA is a newly protected and currently threatened corridor system that lacks detailed surveys and assessments of its native …
A Study On Plant-Derived Small Proteins And Peptides With Antiyeast Activity And Preliminary Investigations In Food Materials, Giulia Mignone
A Study On Plant-Derived Small Proteins And Peptides With Antiyeast Activity And Preliminary Investigations In Food Materials, Giulia Mignone
Theses
The discovery of novel antimicrobial molecules would benefit considerably different biotechnological fields, including medicine, agriculture and the food industry, on which this thesis work focuses. Specifically, here are presented fundamental studies on plant-derived antimicrobial proteins for the reduction of food spoilage caused by yeast microorganisms. Small proteins and peptides from the plant innate immune system possess several characteristics which could make them ideal candidates for a novel and natural antispoilage agent. The first Chapter reviews proteins families associated with the plant innate immune system that exhibit antiyeast activity and low molecular weight (<30 kDa), focusing on their structure and antiyeast mode of action. Chapter 2 investigates two peptides, Pn-AMP1 and Pn-AMP2 belonging to the hevein-type peptides family; peptides were synthetically generated using their native amino acid sequence. Synthetic Pn-AMP1 showed fast action activity against common food spoilage yeasts, it resulted potentially safe for consumption, and it was successfully incorporated in UHT milk and Fanta Orange, where it contained the growth of Kluyveromyces lactis and Zygosaccharomyces bailii, respectively. A different family of antimicrobial plant proteins (2S albumins) was studied in Chapters 3, 4, 5 and 6. Chapter 3 describes the selective extraction of an antiyeast protein (labelled WMS1 in this thesis work) of ~14 kDa from white mustard (Brassica hirta) seeds. The protein was purified in a relatively high yield, using a simple protocol that included only one chromatographic method step. In Chapter 4, bioinformatics tools and wet-lab techniques are used to study the structure and classify the antiyeast protein. The WMS1 antiyeast protein was identified as an isoform of the Napin protein Allergen Sin a 1 belonging to the 2S albumins family, characterised by high structural stability which donates to the protein resistance heat treatment and proteolytic degradation. Chapter 5 describes the antimicrobial spectrum of WMS1 , its antiyeast mechanism of action and its validity as preservative agent. Although WMS1 resulted potentially safe for consumption and inhibited the growth of Z. bailii in several beverage systems, its biotechnological potential is limited by its allergic properties. In Chapter 6, the protein WMS1 was cloned in a pET28a-MBP vector and expressed in an E. coli BL21 system. Interestedly, recombinant WMS1 and native WMS1 showed similar activity against the yeast Z. bailii. Thesis abstract 2 Chapter 7 includes a protocol for the rational design of ultra-short antimicrobial peptides. Since ultra-short antimicrobial sequences can be found within the sequence of any larger protein, the protocol was applied using WMS1 primary sequence, and seven ultra-short SinA-AMPs were chemically generated. Among the various SinA-AMPs, the peptide labelled SinA-pepIII had in vitro activity against several common yeast spoilage strains via membrane permeabilisation and it could be employed as a food preservative as it was pH- and heat- stable, potentially safe in terms of human consumption and it prevented the growth of Z. bailii in cranberry juice. The results obtained in this work offer new perspectives in the research for novel and clean-label food preservatives to fight the food waste phenomenon.
Optimization Of Palmitic Acid Production In Chloroidium Sp. Utex 3007 As A Sustainable Source Of Palm Oil Alternative, Amnah Salem Alzahmi
Optimization Of Palmitic Acid Production In Chloroidium Sp. Utex 3007 As A Sustainable Source Of Palm Oil Alternative, Amnah Salem Alzahmi
Theses
The increase in palm oil consumption and production has resulted in removing up to 90% of trees in some tropical forests. The green microalgae Chloroidium sp. UTEX 3007 can be an alternative sustainable source of palm oil due to its high palmitic acid content. The objective of this study was to generate a mutant Chloroidium population that is capable of producing and accumulating elevated levels of palmitic acid and to characterize the obtained populations’ lipid contents. The palmitic acid production optimization in Chloroidium sp. UTEX 3007 was conducted via a workflow of ultraviolet (UV) mutagenesis and sorting of high-lipid producing …
Impact Of Saline Water Irrigation On Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera) Associated Bulk Soil Bacterial Communities In Oases Agroecosystem Of Uae, Fardous Abdi Ibrahim Jibar Alhashmi
Impact Of Saline Water Irrigation On Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera) Associated Bulk Soil Bacterial Communities In Oases Agroecosystem Of Uae, Fardous Abdi Ibrahim Jibar Alhashmi
Theses
Irrigation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) with saline groundwater is routinely practiced in the arid agroecosystems of United Arab Emirates (UAE), due to freshwater scarcity. Saline groundwater irrigation is known to deposit salts in the top layers of soil and increase soil salinization. However, how increasing soil salinization affects the belowground bacterial communities, is not well investigated. Soil samples were collected from 14 different date farms where irrigation water source was either non–saline water or saline groundwater. Soil bacterial communities were identified using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. The results showed that bacterial diversity (including Shannon diversity, richness, and …
Distribution Modelling Of Socotra Cormorant Using Maxent, Areej Mustafa Jaradat
Distribution Modelling Of Socotra Cormorant Using Maxent, Areej Mustafa Jaradat
Theses
This thesis is concerned with species distribution modeling of the Socotra Cormorant (Phalacrocorax nigrogularis), a regionally endemic seabird to the Arabian Gulf, the Arabian Sea, and the Gulf of Aden. Socotra Cormorants are important for the marine ecosystem as they apply top-down control and maintain the balance between trophic levels. They also contribute to the cycling of nutrients significantly. The bird is categorized as vulnerable by the IUCN. Large portions of their suitable habitat are disturbed or degraded due to oil exploration and coastal development. The seabird is poorly studied in every ecological aspect. The main objective of …
The Use Of Actinobacteria To Improve The Efficacy Of Phytoremediation Of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils In The United Arab Emirates, Fatima Abdulmoneim Hussain
The Use Of Actinobacteria To Improve The Efficacy Of Phytoremediation Of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils In The United Arab Emirates, Fatima Abdulmoneim Hussain
Theses
In an effort to gain the advantages provided by actinobacterial enzyme (1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) (ACC) deaminase (ACCD) in the phytoremediation of heavy metals from the environment, the ability of native actinobacteria with ACC deaminase activity to promote the growth of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L.) in soils contaminated with nickel nitrate was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. This enzyme hydrolyzes (ACC), the immediate biosynthetic precursors of the hormone ethylene (ET) in plant tissues to ammonia and α keto-butyrate. The main objectives of this study were: (1) Isolating beneficial native heavy metal-tolerant actinobacteria from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) contaminated soil capable …
Physicochemical, Techno-Functional And Bioactive Properties Of Camel Whey Protein Concentrate As Affected By Spray-Drying And Ultrasonication Treatment, Alanoud Muhsen Al Thaibani
Physicochemical, Techno-Functional And Bioactive Properties Of Camel Whey Protein Concentrate As Affected By Spray-Drying And Ultrasonication Treatment, Alanoud Muhsen Al Thaibani
Theses
Whey protein concentrates (WPCs) are gaining importance as a functional ingredient due to their nutritional, techno-functional and bioactive properties. In this study, WPCs were prepared from skimmed camel milk, then either spray-dried (SD) at 170, 185 and 200°C, or treated by ultrasonication (US) (20 kHz) for 5, 10 and 15 min followed by freeze-drying to obtain powders. The characterization of WPC powders was carried out by Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Reverse-Phase Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-UPLC) which showed that the US treatment degraded the proteins more than SD. The morphology, particle size, and surface charge of WPC …
Fabrication And Characterization Of Graphene Oxide-Based High-Density Polyethylene / Polypropylene Nanocomposites For Biomedical Applications, Albaina Ali Aldhaheri
Fabrication And Characterization Of Graphene Oxide-Based High-Density Polyethylene / Polypropylene Nanocomposites For Biomedical Applications, Albaina Ali Aldhaheri
Theses
Polymeric nanocomposites have recently become one of the most essential sought-after materials for biomedical applications. Among many others, High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is being widely used as a bearing material for the artificial hip and knee joints. However, the weak surface properties of HDPE limit the total artificial hip joints’ survival chances. The addition of polypropylene (PP) improves the surface properties of HDPE composites along with their thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties which are crucial in biomedical applications. Moreover, PP can be easily blended with polyethylene (PE) as it has an almost similar chemical resistance to PE. However, PP is more …
Biophysical Mechanisms Of Cell-Substrate Interactions Over Porous Membranes, Zahra Allahyari
Biophysical Mechanisms Of Cell-Substrate Interactions Over Porous Membranes, Zahra Allahyari
Theses
There is an increasing interest in the development of microphysiological systems due to their applications in drug discoveries and development of therapeutic strategies. Porous membranes are major components of these in vitro biological systems. The interest in using porous membranes, especially ultrathin ones, stems from their capabilities in providing physiologically relevant tissue interfaces and cell-cell communication between the co-cultured cells. Despite the wide applications of these membranes in biomimetic platforms, their role in modulating different cellular behaviors and the enabling mechanism for these effects are not fully understood. It has been previously shown that porous membranes generally weaken cell-substrate interaction. …
Investigation Of Thickness And Robustness Of Ultrathin Parylene Membranes For Tissue Barrier And Co-Culture Models, Shayan Gholizadeh
Investigation Of Thickness And Robustness Of Ultrathin Parylene Membranes For Tissue Barrier And Co-Culture Models, Shayan Gholizadeh
Theses
Ultrathin porous membranes are currently used for various biomedical applications, ranging from co-culture systems to tissue barrier models. In the blood-brain barrier model, the intimate proximity between endothelial and glial cells plays a significant role in cell-cell communication and transmigration across the barrier, which cannot be physiologically modeled with conventional co-culture systems typically separating cell types by more than 10 μm. A thickness gradient membrane can enable studies where the goal is to understand the physical characteristics of co-culture arrangement in the barrier model. Here, a robust method to generate ultrathin porous Parylene C (UPP) membranes is developed not just …
Mangrove Growth Promotion By Endophytic Actinobacteria And Seaweed Extract, Ameera Khalfan Salem Alkaabi
Mangrove Growth Promotion By Endophytic Actinobacteria And Seaweed Extract, Ameera Khalfan Salem Alkaabi
Theses
In this study, I aimed to determine the impact of the application of a commercial seaweed extract (SWE) bio-stimulant and endophytic actinobacterial isolates on growth performance and endogenous hormonal levels of mangroves. Therefore, I isolated endophytic plant growth promoting (PGP) actinobacteria (PGPA) from mangrove roots; and evaluated their potential as biological inoculants on mangrove seedlings under greenhouse and open-field nursery conditions. Seven salt tolerant isolates had the ability to produce different levels of in vitro plant growth regulators (PGRs) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (ACCD), and to solubilize phosphorus. Accordingly, only one isolate, Streptomyces tubercidicus UAE1 (St), was …
Multifunctional Bioactive Properties Of Plant-Based Protein Hydrolysates Derived From Citrullus Colocynthis (Bitter Apple) And Pennisetum Glaucum (Pearl Millet) Seeds, Munira Jassem Alblooshi
Multifunctional Bioactive Properties Of Plant-Based Protein Hydrolysates Derived From Citrullus Colocynthis (Bitter Apple) And Pennisetum Glaucum (Pearl Millet) Seeds, Munira Jassem Alblooshi
Theses
Protein hydrolysates (PH) from plant-based proteins (PBP) are gaining importance due to the availability, sustainable and economical production when compared to their an-imal origin counterpart. Therefore, this study explored under-utilized PBP hydroly-sates derived from Bitter apple (BA) and Pearl millet (PM) and determined their bio-active properties. Enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) of BA and PM proteins was carried out by enzymes such as alcalase (A), bromelain (B), and chymotrypsin (C) for 3, 6, and 9 h to produce PH possessing high bioactive properties. Highest degree of hydrolysis (DH) was reported in BAPH generated with C9 (87.8%) whereas for PMPH highest DH was …
A Detailed Parameter Study Into The Dermal Absorption Of Chemical Warfare Agents And The Effects Of Pharmacokinetics, Koko Lear
Theses
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are substances of varying toxicity profiles. These chemicals exhibit complex dynamics and pose a serious health risk when released into the environment. A mathematical model based on Fick’s second law of diffusion was developed to comprehend how these compounds were absorbed into the skin. The analysis applied to both small and large doses and, successfully, predicted experimental results. This work also includes the effects of CWA physicochemical properties on evaporation and dermal absorption through the stratum corneum. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the impacts of small variations in the initial dose, environmental conditions, and …
Regulation Of Activity Patterns In Astyanax Mexicanus Cavefish, Udodirim Nwosu
Regulation Of Activity Patterns In Astyanax Mexicanus Cavefish, Udodirim Nwosu
Theses
Organisms commonly modulate their behavioral activity in relation to the 24-hour solar cycle. This modulation of behavior is driven by a combination of responses to external cues in the environment, such as light/dark visual signals, and internal pattern generators that can persist in the absence of external cues. However, there are animals that live in caves or in the deep sea that are isolated from solar circadian cues. How these animals regulate their behavioral activity in relation to external and internal rhythms is an open question in neuroscience that may help us to understand the mechanisms that other animals, including …
Inch - Unpacking Measurements, Pallavi Singh
Inch - Unpacking Measurements, Pallavi Singh
Theses
While global efforts to close gender gaps have taken great strides in the past years, broad cultural views and social institutions still exist to place women at a subordinate level to men. It is a common scenario to trivialize a woman’s achievements or power in instances when she does not conform to gender norms taken as “a given” in a cultural context. A few elementary examples of such social inequality could include unequal pay at the workplace or menstruation in cultures where it is considered a defilement of a woman’s body instead of a female bodily process. In most of …
Distribution Patterns Of The Invasive Mussel Arcuatula Senhousia In Mission Bay, San Diego, California: Effects Of Sediment Grain Size And Byssus Thread Production On Predation, Samantha Ahlman
Theses
The ability of bivalves to avoid predation by using defensive behaviors such as burrowing and byssus production may vary depending on the sediment characteristics of a given habitat. The varying sediment characteristics that change with water velocity within estuaries may influence the distribution of bivalves and limit them to areas that optimize their ability to defend against predators. We examined the distribution patterns of the invasive Asian date mussel Arcuatula senhousia relative to the sediment grain size distribution in Mission Bay, an urban estuary located in San Diego, California, USA. Mussels and sediment were collected using an Ekman grab at …