Digital Commons Network^™

Computer Aided Mathematical Modeling Of A Once Through Claus Type Sulfur Recovery Process, Yuriy Osyp Kutny

Theses

The computer aided mathematical modeling of the once through Claus process for hydrogen sulfide conversion to sulfur is presented herein. This vapor phase oxidation reaction is carried out using one thermal reactor and up to three bauxite catalytic reactors with sulfur condensers in between. The method of catalytic reactor feed reheat and its ramifications upon reactor performance and total model convergence is of major importance.

The reactor feed preheat can be carried out in either of the following ways: (1) indirect heat exchange using some external heat source; (2) indirect heat exchange using other hot process streams as heat source; …

Stress Analysis Of A Pressure Vessel By The Finite Element Method, Hsin-Te Liao

Theses

The objective of this paper is to take a finite element program, called ANSYS, to analyze the surface stress distribution of a thin-wall pressure vessel with a spherical head.

The computer program ANSYS, which primarily applies the principle of virtual work in solid continuum, has been used to solve shell problems with quadrilateral element. Problems solved are: <1> hoop stress <2> meridional stress (<)3) maximum shear stress.

In this paper, the theoretical finite element formulation of axisymmetric elasticity of the ANSYS program is presented.

Finally, some numerical examples of shells with spherical heads of various radius are given. The solution obtained from ANSYS is very …

Discontinuity Stresses Analysis In Pressure Vessel, Jan-Joo Liu

Theses

In this paper, the ANSYS general purpose finite element computer aided design program was used to perform a series of stress analyses for shells with heads of various shapes.

The analysis included maximum discontinuity stresses, stress contours and displacements induced in axisymmetrical shells subjected to internal pressure loading; especially at the junction of the cylinder and heads of various shapes.

CONICAL SHELL finite elements and TWO-DIMENSIONAL ISOPARAMETRIC finite elements were used in the analysis. The results of the analyses compared very favorably with solutions derived from membrane and bending theory solutions for pressure vessels.

The effect of longitudinal and hoop …

Linearization Accuracy In Probabilistic Load Flow, Guan-Zhong Liang

Theses

This paper presents a linear load flow method which can be used for probabilistic load flow analysis. The method is based on least-square estimation. To estimate its accuracy in linear load flow calculations, the method and a previously developed linear load flow method are applied to a typical power system and the results evaluated. Comparable accuracy is noted.

Air Pollutant Emissions From Non-Vented Radiant Kerosene Heater, Anil Kumar Mishra

Theses

Gaseous emissions from non-vented kerosene heaters can generate and create significant indoor air concentrations of various gaseous pollutants. Indoor air concentrations resulting from operating a portable non-vented radiant type kerosene heater in three rooms of size 38.7, 58.1 and 137 M³ were studied. Studies in the environmental chamber having a size of 38.7 M³ under two sets of ventilation conditions showed elevated levels of CO₂, total hydrocarbons and CO. An emission rate model was used to estimate the strength of pollutant source, for total hydrocarbons, CO₂ and CO with data reported in terms of mass …

An Inventory Model For The Specialty Chemical Industry, Paul Murchison

Theses

The specialty chemical industry is a unique segment of the chemical industry. This industry produces chemical intermediate products for the pharmaceutical, agricultural, cosmetics, and other chemically related industries. Most of the products that are produced are covered by patents or involve proprietary know—how. The specialty chemical products are a minor part of a total formulation but contribute unique properties to the end product. This feature of specialty chemicals gives the manufacturer unusual pricing power compared to producers of commodity chemicals. This industry has proven to be very competitive, profitable and in the forefront of the present automation revolution over the …

On-Line Analysis Of Highly Coherent Brain Activity During Transcendental Meditation And Automated Biofeedback, Deepak Dinkerrai Rawal

Theses

Occurance of highly coherent brain activity (EEG) specific to the meditation has been reported in the literature. The present thesis is an effort to look into the mechanics of meditation using the recent technique of analysis of high coherence in the EEG. Based on previous work, reporting increased EEG coherence during practice of Transcendental Meditation, a closed loop model and hypothesis is proposed using biofeedback to close the loop. The hypothesis proposes that very high coherence in the EEG is a very significant neurophysiological parameter, reflecting instantaneous quality of meditation in the form of an average high coherence above threshold. …

Dispersion In The Laminar Flow Of Ellis Model Fluids Through Straight Tubes, Yeong-Hua Huang

Theses

Taylor-Aris dispersion theory is extended to the laminar tube flow of Carreau model fluids and Ellis model fluids and the results are compared with those of power law fluids. It is found that Carreau and Ellis models are more appropriate than power-law model, especially at low pressure gradient.

An exact solution to the unsteady convective diffusion equation in fully developed laminar flow in tube is obtained by applying the generalized dispersion theory of Gill and Sankarasubramanian for Ellis model. The results are compared with those obtained by Booras and Krantz for power-law model. The most interesting result of this work …

Nervous System Simulation, Jian Chen

Theses

This thesis deals with the nervous system simulation. The Hodgkin-Huxley model and Stein's model are used as basic tools. The author has tried to describe some practical problems by mathematical models.

First, the horse-shoe crab eye is investigated. Light intensity is reported to the brain by the firing frequency of the photoreceptoe. A Poisson process is used to simulate the stimulus to the receptor. The result of the stochastic model coincides with the theoretical one: receptor overlapping decreases the resolving power of the eye; and the lateral inhibition compensates the effect of overlapping.

Second, a nerve muscle model was set …

A Closed Form Image Force Function For Deposition Of Particles In A Cylindrical Tube, Hsi-Chung Chiou

Theses

This study investigated the behavior of charged particles suspended in a laminar steady incompressible flow in a cylindrical tube under the influences of image , inertia , viscous and gravitational forces. A new expression for the image force was obtained by introducing an approximate potential energy function. The velocity profiles employed in the analysis were uniform and parabolic.

The governing equations derived were based on Newton's second law of motion and were solved by a Runge-Kutta numerical method. The results were obtained for different values of Q, a dimensionless inertia-charge parameter. For a value of Q equal to zero the …

The Stress Distribution Of The Frp Pressure Vessel By Using Ansys Program, Lung-John Tsai

Theses

The objective of this paper is to take advantage of a general purpose finite element computer program, called ANSYS, to analyze the surface stress distribution of a fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) laminated composite pressure vessel. The vessel is subjected to internal pressure, which is assumed to be constant over the interior surfaces.

In this paper, the material is assumed to be orthotropic, and the stress-strain relationship linear.

A FRP pressure vessel subjected to an Internal pressure, 6.895 MPa (1000 psi), is taken as an example. The results show that this approach compares well with a theoretical solution.

Characterization Of Microorganisims After Feeding With Phenolic Compounds : Comparing A Domestic Sludge To An Industrial Sludge, Dianne Adamowitz

Theses

This study examined the effects of phenolic compounds on the populations in mixed liquors obtained from two very different treatment plants: the Passaic Valley Sewerage Commissioners plant in Newark, and the Livingston, NJ municipal treatment plant. The dominant organisms were identified initially and after ten days exposure to phenol (100 ppm), and either 2-chlorophenol (20 ppm) or 2,6-dichlorophenol (10 ppm) in aerated batch reactors.

Results confirmed the remarkable similarity between the two mixed liquor populations, in spite of the significant differences in the operation of the two treatment plants.

Modelling Of Pile Load Tests In Weak Rock, Daniel Walter Caruso

Theses

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the loss of load capacity of relaxed pile groups driven into weak bedrock. This was accomplished in the laboratory using a dynamic driving apparatus equipped with a static load testing system. The static load testing system applied loads hydraulically, and the load settlement behavior was monitored using an electronic load cell and a linear variable differential transducer (LVDT).

Tests were performed using 1" diameter steel pipe piles driven in a five pile group pattern at spacings of two diameters and four diameters. Piles were driven into a simulated rock mass consisting of …

Pressure Drop In A Strainer Element By The Finite Element Method, Wei-Long Chen

Theses

The pressure drop in a strainer element which consists of a channel and a diffuser has been investigated by the finite element method and the semi-empirical analysis.

An existing finite element program, FEM2D using the penalty parameter model, was employed. It was found that the range of Reynolds numbers in the strainer element was 0.193 to 4.824. For the pressure drop in the channel, the finite element method is in agreement with the analytical solution. For flow in the diffuser, the finite element method failed to give satisfactory results due to flow separation.

The Conversion Of The Process Flowsheet Simulator, Flowtran, For Fortran 66 Based Mainframe Computers, Timothy Edward Roche

Theses

The process flowsheet simulator FLOWTRAN was converted from FORTRAN 77 code to FORTRAN 66 code. The conversion was accomplished by developing a number of subprograms to handle FORTRAN 77 intrinsic functions that are missing in the FORTRAN 66 standard and by altering the code to take advantage of the developed subprograms. Also developed were a set of procedure files for executing the FORTRAN 66 FLOWTRAN on a Sperry-Univac 90/80-4. The new FLOWTRAN was tested and performs identically to the FORTRAN 77 version. The FORTRAN 66 FLOWTRAN can be installed on any mainframe computer with a FORTRAN 66 compiler.

Implementation Of Finite Element Method On A Microcomputer, Chi-Yuang Huang

Theses

A finite-element program FEM2D has been implemented on a PHILIPS microcomputer. The program has a generation preprocessor and thus makes finite-element analysis on a microcomputer considerably easier than before, since it allows models to be created and edited much faster than by manual method. The interactive program FEM2D prompts the user to input data directly from the screen. It is convenient for the user, both in teaching and learning.

The FEM2D is a two-dimensional finite-element program capable of solving two-dimensional problems, such as plane elasticity, heat transfer and imcompressible fluid flow problems. It is developed with a formulation of a …

Micro Computer Animation, Peter Sterling Franks

Theses

Not Included

Diva, A Data Flow Language, Edith Lawson

Theses

The underlying principles of concurrency and data flow are summarized along with a survey of the current data flow languages. A high level data flow language, DIVA, is developed that provides the basic data types and language constructs of traditional languages as well as some unique features of data flow. The organization and data structures of the compiler and assembler are also discussed.

The Contributions Of Linn Boyd Benton And Morris Fuller Benton To The Technology Of Typesetting And Typeface Design, Patricia Cost

Theses

The relative obscurity of Linn Boyd Benton and Morris Fuller Benton, is investigated. The two men, father and son, made significant contributions to the technology of typesetting and to typeface design, yet they are not now well known in the industry. Linn Boyd Benton invented a pantographic punch-cutting machine, which he later modified to engrave matrices. This machine made the Linotype machine practical, since it took the tedium and great expense out of the making of Linotype 'mats.' Benton's machine was and still is used at the American Type Founders Company, and was copied for use at type founding companies …

Leading The Electronics Industry Into Total Automation, George P. Rossi

Theses

The introduction of an automated PCB facility in today's technological society still includes a people-oriented facility. The main thrust should be to develop Artificial Intelligence, then the incorporation of LANS, CAD, ICAM, and CIM.

The ability to lace all the functions together is by far the biggest obstacle. The hardware of the equipment is not so much the obstacle to the chemical process and knowledge as the software. Software, which is the capability to talk from the computer to the equipment, is the greatest stumbling block because there is no standardization in the language format.

The method which a computer …

Imaging Land/Water Demarcation Lines For Coastal Mapping, Kirk Smedley

Theses

The objective of this research has been to improve upon the imaging methods currently used by the Photogrammetry Branch of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, for locating coastal boundaries. In keeping with this objective, a near-infrared radiometer/exposure meter has been developed and constructed. This device gives f -number and shutter speed values for a given scene radiance in the near-infrared region, and the aerial camera may then be set at these values for proper exposure. As an addendum to the research, a simple image processing technique, color ratioing, has been applied to demarcation photography with extremely promising results. Using …

Determining And Producing An Optimum Photographic Print For Photomechanical Reproduction, Terri L. Romanik

Theses

This research has explored the possibility of determining the optimum black and white photographic print characteristics for paper surface, image color, and contrast to achieve optimum reproduction from that original for a given set of printing press conditions utilizing single impression offset lithography.

A random population of 101 observers evaluated the reproduction of eighteen different photographic prints of the same subject from the identical film negative. The prints varied in contrast grades from grade one to grade three; in image color from warm black to neutral black to cool black; in surface characteristics from glossy to semi-lustre to matte; and …

Design Of An Expert System To Perform Cladistic Analysis, Walter Wolf

Theses

Not Included

The Relationship Between Average Color Difference And 3-Channel Colorimetric Quality Factor For A Simple Additive Color System, Stefan Pabst

Theses

Neugebauer's Colorimetric Quality Factor for a simple additive color reproduction system is calculated for 17 detector response functions. Each response function is used to simulate the reproduction of 124 colors and 774 metameric grays. The mean color difference between original and reproduced colors is calculated for colors and metamers for each detector response. The relationship between mean color difference and colorimetric Quality factor is studied.

Computer Vision Of A Moving Square Using A Two-Level Data Hierarchy, David Zokaites

Theses

An investigation of the relative speed and effectiveness of two computer vision algorithms has been conducted. One algorithm incorporates a two-level data hierarchy. The other incorporates a one-level hierarchy and serves as a relatively conventional basis for comparison. The computer vision algorithms, programmed in Fortran, detect and recognize a moving square. Both computer vision algorithms could readily be implemented in existing hardware. The two-level algorithm was found to be up to 90% faster than the one-level algorithm. An analysis was made of elapsed CPU time variance as a function of time of day and user load. This was done to …

Computer Assisted Instruction For Students Studying Basic Logic At The 9th Grade Level, Edith Shortt

Theses

A system of Computer Assisted Instruction for Students Studying Basic Logic at the 9th Grade Level was written in Prolog running on a Digital Equipment Vax 11/780 under the Unix1 operating system. The program is a straight-forward approach to teaching propositional logic. A three layer menu structure is used to inform students of lessons, subtopics, and help available. Example questions are generated after each subtopic, and student scores are displayed for immediate reinforcement or correction. Scores are also saved for storage on the student's progress chart file. A help function enables the student to review explanations of terminolgy, review truth …

Evaluation Of Flash And Fluorescent Sources With Respect To Recommended Ocular Exposure Thresholds, Mark Fairchild

Theses

A system was established for the evaluation of sources of optical radiation with respect to recommended ocular exposure limits. This system consists of a diode array radiometer calibrated for absolute radiometric measurements and software for the application of the currently accepted threshold limits for exposure to the various wavelengths of radiation. Absolute calibration of the array radiometer was accomplished to within 3 percent of values obtained by a conventional instrument. Day-to-day repeatability of the instrument indicates the possiblility of absolute calibration of the detector array responsivity for everyday use in the measurement of continuous sources to an accuracy of plus-or-minus …

The Photographic Snapshot, Michael Simon

Theses

Not Included

Computer Application Of Project Planning And Scheduling With Cpm, Mohamed Tarek Abdel-Aziz

Theses

Scheduling is one of the most important tools for project management and control, and the CPM is one of the techniques used in project scheduling.

The primary objective of this thesis is to develop a CPM computer package using a microcomputer. The package is constituted in Basic (Applesoft Basic) for use on Apple II Plus, IIe or IIc.

The package is intended to be available to users without sufficient knowledge about computer. And it consists of two computer programs. The first computer program is the CPM-I which schedules project activities with unlimited resources. The second computer program is the CPM-II …

Simulation Of A Microprocessor Controlled Drill Press, Arun J. Ayyagari

Theses

The concept of flexible manufacturing systems has ushered new dimensions into machine tool design. The power of this new technique is that a high degree of flexibility in a machine tool can be easily achieved by developing a software based control system as against conventional hard wired systems in existence.

To demonstrate this point, a microprocessor based control system is developed, in this thesis, to control the automated drill press. The Motorola MC6808 8-bit microprocessor is chosen as an example.

The microprocessor first evaluates the optimum cutting parameters for the given cutter size, work material and operation. It then uses …