Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (578)
- Life Sciences (498)
- Biology (249)
- Earth Sciences (183)
- Plant Sciences (179)
-
- Plant Biology (178)
- Geology (139)
- Physics (128)
- Chemistry (118)
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (85)
- Environmental Sciences (79)
- Mathematics (75)
- Engineering (74)
- Hydrology (51)
- Microbiology (48)
- Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology (48)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (46)
- Public Health (42)
- Atmospheric Sciences (41)
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (33)
- Environmental Health (33)
- Food Science (33)
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health (33)
- Computer Sciences (32)
- Pharmacology (32)
- Toxicology (32)
- Materials Science and Engineering (31)
- Agriculture (24)
- Biochemistry (19)
- Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology (19)
- Keyword
-
- Physical Sciences (484)
- Biological Sciences (341)
- Mathematics and Computational Sciences (127)
- Tanzania (119)
- Heavy metals (26)
-
- Sediments (24)
- Lake Victoria (15)
- Pollution (15)
- Conservation (14)
- Dar es Salaam (13)
- Contamination (12)
- Adsorption (11)
- Diversity (9)
- Biogas (8)
- Fish (8)
- Forest (8)
- Maize (8)
- Tectonics (8)
- Antibacterial activity (7)
- Antimicrobial activity (7)
- Cytotoxicity (7)
- Malaria (7)
- Phytochemicals (7)
- Species diversity (7)
- Antimicrobial (6)
- Antioxidant (6)
- Climate change (6)
- Ecosystem (6)
- Fisheries (6)
- Pesticide residues (6)
- Publication Year
- File Type
Articles 601 - 630 of 1029
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
The Application Of Late Acceptance Heuristic Method For The Tanzanian High School Timetabling Problem, Allen R. Mushi
The Application Of Late Acceptance Heuristic Method For The Tanzanian High School Timetabling Problem, Allen R. Mushi
Tanzania Journal of Science
High School timetabling is the problem of scheduling lessons of different subjects and teachers to timeslots within a week, while satisfying a set of constraints which are classified into hard and soft constraints. This problem is different from university course timetabling problem because of the differences in structures including classroom allocations and grouping of subject combinations. Given the scarce education resources in developing countries, high school timetabling problem plays a very important role in optimizing the use of meager resources and therefore contribute to improvement of quality of education. The problem has attracted attention of many researchers around the world; …
Geochemical Characterization Of The Paleoproterozoic Massif-Type Anorthosites From The Ubendian Belt, Tanzania, Nelson Boniface
Geochemical Characterization Of The Paleoproterozoic Massif-Type Anorthosites From The Ubendian Belt, Tanzania, Nelson Boniface
Tanzania Journal of Science
Paleoproterozoic massif-type anorthosites occur in Southern Ubendian Belt (Upangwa Terrane) in Tanzania, mainly as mafic-plutons (meta-anorthosite and meta-gabbro) associated with ultramafic stocks and titaniferous magnetite bodies. Variably metamorphosed silicic granitoids are also recorded in the area. This article presents geochemical characteristics of meta-anorthosites, meta-gabbros and the associated granitoids in order to determine their genetic links and geotectonic settings. The meta-anorthosites, meta-gabbros and meta-tonalite have indistinguishable chondrite normalized REE patterns displaying LREE-enriched patterns (e.g., (La/Sm)N = 1.97–6.10) and negatively sloping HREE ((La/Yb)N = 4.05–47.06) suggesting continental crustal affinity. The trace element patterns of the studied meta-anorthosites are characterized by enrichments of …
Bayesian Estimation Of Regression Quantiles In The Presence Of Autocorrelated Errors, Ayoade I. Adewole, Olusoga A. F Fasoranbaku
Bayesian Estimation Of Regression Quantiles In The Presence Of Autocorrelated Errors, Ayoade I. Adewole, Olusoga A. F Fasoranbaku
Tanzania Journal of Science
This is a study of Bayesian quantile regression that broadly considered the estimation of regression quantiles in the presence of autocorrelated error. Regression models are based on several important statistical assumptions upon which their inferences rely. Autocorrelation of the error terms violates the ordinary least squares regression assumption that error terms are uncorrelated which invalidate Gauss Markov theorem. This study designed schemes for estimation and making inference of regression quantiles in the presence of autocorrelated errors using Bayesian approach. Bayesian method to quantile regression models regards unknown parameters as random variables and the parameter uncertainty was taken into account without …
Mapping Of The Geological Structures Using Digital Elevation Model (Dem)-Derived Flow Direction: A Case Study Of Rungwe Volcanic Province, Southwest Tanzania, Elisante Elisaimon Mshiu
Mapping Of The Geological Structures Using Digital Elevation Model (Dem)-Derived Flow Direction: A Case Study Of Rungwe Volcanic Province, Southwest Tanzania, Elisante Elisaimon Mshiu
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study aimed to assess the potentiality of Digital Elevation Model (DEM)-derived flow direction in mapping geologic structures, specifically in areas with thick overburden of soil or volcanic materials such as in the Rungwe Volcanic Province, SW Tanzania. Clustering of flow directions based on trends of structure sets found in the study area was applied and it successfully revealed a large number of geological structures through demarcated tectonic blocks from patterns created by flow directions. Northwest–southwest (NW-SE) and NE-SW- trending lineaments are the dominant structural sets in the area whereas N-S and E-W-trending lineaments constitute the minor sets. Moreover, the …
Epidemiological Significance Of Parasitic Infections In Olive Baboons (Papio Anubis) At Gombe National Park, Tanzania, Jared S. Bakuza
Epidemiological Significance Of Parasitic Infections In Olive Baboons (Papio Anubis) At Gombe National Park, Tanzania, Jared S. Bakuza
Tanzania Journal of Science
Several parasites of significant health importance have been observed in baboons at Gombe National Park in western Tanzania. However, little is known on impacts these infections have on baboon health. Baboon stools were examined for parasites using formol-ethyl technique and their health and troop membership associated with parasitic infections. Observed nematode parasites were; Streptopharagus sp., Physaloptera sp., unidentified nematodes, hookworms and Trichuris sp. Trematode parasites included Schistosoma mansoni and unidentified trematode, with the latter’s intensity being highest in DB troop baboons. Parasite egg counts (epg) for nematodes ranged from 9 to 12, and that of trematodes from 4 to 40 …
Monodisperse Polystyrene Microspheres: Studies On The Effects Of Reaction Parameters On Particle Diameter And Colloidal Stability, Ikhazuagbe H. Ifijen, Esther U. Ikhuoria
Monodisperse Polystyrene Microspheres: Studies On The Effects Of Reaction Parameters On Particle Diameter And Colloidal Stability, Ikhazuagbe H. Ifijen, Esther U. Ikhuoria
Tanzania Journal of Science
The synthesis of highly monodisperse polystyrene (PS) microspheres via surfactant-free emulsion polymerization process was successfully carried out. Various reaction conditions such as initiator amount, monomer amount, reaction temperature and stirring speed were varied with a view to studying the effects of these polymerization parameters on the particle diameter and colloidal stability of the synthesized PS microspheres. Microscopic analysis revealed that the as-synthesized particles are spherical in shape without any form of agglomeration. Thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) analysis revealed that the prepared PS sample completely degrades at 465 °C. DLS analysis showed a reduction in the average particle diameters of the as-synthesized …
Altitudinal Distribution And Monthly Occurrence Of Butterflies In The Kihansi Gorge Forest, Tanzania, With A Checklist Of Species, Devolent Mtui, Colin Congdon, Ivan Bampton, Parson Kalenga, Haule Leonard
Altitudinal Distribution And Monthly Occurrence Of Butterflies In The Kihansi Gorge Forest, Tanzania, With A Checklist Of Species, Devolent Mtui, Colin Congdon, Ivan Bampton, Parson Kalenga, Haule Leonard
Tanzania Journal of Science
The goal of this project was to establish a checklist of butterflies occurring in Kihansi gorge to serve as baseline for monitoring of gorge ecosystem health. The key questions were what and how many species of butterflies occur in the gorge with respect to time and space. The study was conducted between October 2005 and February 2007. Butterflies were recorded twice a week, along a walking trail, using malaise traps and sweep net. The traps were located at upper (> 750 – 1100 m), mid (> 580 – 750 m) and lower (300 – 580 m) gorge. A total of …
Reintroduction Of The Kihansi Spray Toad Nectophrynoides Asperginis Back To Its Natural Habitat By Using Acclimatizing Cages, Charles A. Msuya, Nassoro Mohamed
Reintroduction Of The Kihansi Spray Toad Nectophrynoides Asperginis Back To Its Natural Habitat By Using Acclimatizing Cages, Charles A. Msuya, Nassoro Mohamed
Tanzania Journal of Science
The Kihansi Spray Toad (Nectophrynoides asperginis) is considered to be extinct in the wild. Captive breeding populations exist in Bronx and Toledo zoos in USA and in two captive breeding facilities in Tanzania. Efforts to reintroduce the species back to its natural habitat at Kihansi Gorge wetlands have become a long process. Both ex-situ and in-situ experiments have revealed promising outcomes but when the toads are freely (hard) released in the wetlands they disperse widely and detection becomes difficult. Cages for acclimatising the toads before hard release have been constructed in two of the Kihansi Gorge spray wetlands. Factors such …
Mammals Inventory Of The Kihansi River Gorge In Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, Dennis K. Ikanda, Samuel N. Mtoka, Mustafa Hassanali, Anna Mshanga
Mammals Inventory Of The Kihansi River Gorge In Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, Dennis K. Ikanda, Samuel N. Mtoka, Mustafa Hassanali, Anna Mshanga
Tanzania Journal of Science
The Kihansi gorge montane forest in Udzungwa Mountains forms part of the Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM) which contain some of the most biologically diverse and endemic montane ecosystems in all of Africa. The Kihansi river gorge was opened up for hydroelectric development in the late 1990s, attracting hundreds of farming communities whose activities lead to environmental degradation and hence presumed biodiversity loss in the montane forest which is not understood. Using camera traps, an inventory of mammals of the area was conducted for 24 consecutive days. About 14 mammal species were photo captured, indicating diverse assemblage of large and medium …
Morphological Diversity Of Wild Coffee (Coffea Kihansiensis) A Potential Coffee Species For Genetic Improvement, Paul M Kusolwa, Faraja Makwinja, Jackson Nashon, Mayomba Marianna, Amina Kibola
Morphological Diversity Of Wild Coffee (Coffea Kihansiensis) A Potential Coffee Species For Genetic Improvement, Paul M Kusolwa, Faraja Makwinja, Jackson Nashon, Mayomba Marianna, Amina Kibola
Tanzania Journal of Science
Coffee belongs to the genus Coffea in the Rubiaceae family, and is mostly grown in the tropical and subtropical regions. The Coffea genus comprises 103 species, of which Coffea arabica L. (Arabica coffee) and Coffea canephora P. (Robusta coffee) are the two most important commercial species. C. Arabica is a commercially important high quality coffee with low genetic diversity, while C. canephora is cultivated mostly in the northwestern region of Tanzania. Of recent, a discovered wild coffee (Coffea kihansiensis) in Tanzania may be a genetic resource for improvement of cultivated coffee. Morphological descriptors from accessions evaluated in different sites at …
Crop Pests, Control Measures And Potential Impacts In Kihansi Catchment Area, Beatrice Pallangyo, K. Mdily, C. Mkondo, A. Kibola
Crop Pests, Control Measures And Potential Impacts In Kihansi Catchment Area, Beatrice Pallangyo, K. Mdily, C. Mkondo, A. Kibola
Tanzania Journal of Science
A baseline survey which covered 349 households in Bomang’ombe and Masisiwe (Kilolo district), Kibengu and Mapanda (Mufindi district) and Chita and Chisano (Kilombero district) was conducted to identify major pests, control measures and potential impacts in Kihansi catchment area. Maize was the most predominant crop being cultivated by 55% of the total respondents in all the study districts. Pests and diseases were the major constraints to crop production, whereby cereal stem borers were the most serious pests being reported by 88.2% of respondents. Application of synthetic pesticides was the major pest control measure, being applied by 66% of the respondents. …
Understorey Bird Communities 8 And 18 Years After River Diversion In Kihansi Gorge, Udzungwa Mountains In The Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania, Chacha Werema, Charles A. Msuya
Understorey Bird Communities 8 And 18 Years After River Diversion In Kihansi Gorge, Udzungwa Mountains In The Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania, Chacha Werema, Charles A. Msuya
Tanzania Journal of Science
On the most south-western slopes of the Udzungwa Mountains in Tanzania lies Kihansi River. The river was diverted underground in 2000 to run electric turbines for electricity generation. Using mist netting, pre-diversion (in 1998 and 1999) and short term post-diversion (in 2001) effects of the river diversion on understorey birds were undertaken before and year after river diversion, respectively. Intermediate and long-term effects of river diversion on understorey birds at the same transects are non-existent. In September 2008 and August and September 2018, using mist nets, birds were surveyed at the same transects to assess whether or not there have …
Land Use–Land Cover Change And Implication To Biodiversity In Kihansi Catchment, Phillip K. Mwanukuzi
Land Use–Land Cover Change And Implication To Biodiversity In Kihansi Catchment, Phillip K. Mwanukuzi
Tanzania Journal of Science
Land cover-land use (LC-LU) change has significant impact on wetland ecosystem. This study examined the impacts of LC-LU change on spray wetland ecology at Kihansi Gorge and implications to conservation of fragile biodiversity. Remote sensing methods were used to asses land cover changes from 1990 to 2015 and to forecast change in 2035. It was revealed that forests decreased from 28,454 to 10,897 ha and woodland from 26,903 to 19,914 ha. In 1990, woody cover dominated with a total cover of 38% of the entire catchment. The cropland that included grassland and bushland with scattered crops has been on the …
Management And Population Status Of Kihansi Spray Toad Nectophrynoides Asperginis In Captive Breeding Facilities In Tanzania, Cuthbert L. Nahonyo, Ezekiel M. Goboro, Richard S. Ugomba, Emmanuel S. Nkombe, Severinus Mutagwaba, Hussein Adam, Juma I. Kimera, Person Kalenga, Wilirk Ngalason
Management And Population Status Of Kihansi Spray Toad Nectophrynoides Asperginis In Captive Breeding Facilities In Tanzania, Cuthbert L. Nahonyo, Ezekiel M. Goboro, Richard S. Ugomba, Emmanuel S. Nkombe, Severinus Mutagwaba, Hussein Adam, Juma I. Kimera, Person Kalenga, Wilirk Ngalason
Tanzania Journal of Science
Kihansi spray toad Nectophrynoides asperginis was discovered in 1996 in Kihansi gorge. The toad was declared extinct in the wild in 2009 due to habitat alteration. Before its extinction, 499 individuals were flown to the United States of America zoos in 2000 for captive breeding. In 2010, the University of Dar es Salaam, and in 2011 the Kihansi captive breeding facilities were established in Tanzania. The intention was to breed, and reintroduce the toad back to the natural environment in the gorge. The founder populations for the two facilities were sourced from the USA zoos. This study addresses captive management …
The Dynamics Of Re-Introduced Kihansi Spray Toad Nectophrynoides Asperginis And Other Amphibians In Kihansi Gorge, Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, Wilirk Ngalason, Cuthbert L. Nahonyo, Charles A. Msuya
The Dynamics Of Re-Introduced Kihansi Spray Toad Nectophrynoides Asperginis And Other Amphibians In Kihansi Gorge, Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, Wilirk Ngalason, Cuthbert L. Nahonyo, Charles A. Msuya
Tanzania Journal of Science
The dynamics of the reintroduced Kihansi spray toad Nectophrynoides asperginis and other amphibian species that occur in the Kihansi gorge, Udzungwa Mountains were studied. The area is a home for the endemic toad that became extinct before individuals bred in captivity were reintroduced. Previous studies on the biology of amphibians conducted in the gorge focused on a few aspects but none has dealt with the dynamics of both the reintroduced Kihansi spray toad (KST) and other amphibians. Information on species richness and the abundance of amphibian species occurring in the gorge have not been dealt with in depth. Time-constrained audio-visual …
Some Histopathological Findings In Dead Kihansi Spray Toads In Captivity, Joshua J Malago
Some Histopathological Findings In Dead Kihansi Spray Toads In Captivity, Joshua J Malago
Tanzania Journal of Science
Raising of Kihansi spray toad (KST), Nectophrynoides asperginis, in captivity is associated with disorders that can be fatal. Since diagnosis of these disorders cannot be confirmed grossly, the current study was aimed at exploring histopathological findings in dead KSTs kept under captivity in Tanzania. Dead KSTs were immediately recovered, observed for gross changes, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed routinely, and stained sections reviewed for histological changes. Observed infectious agents were strongyloides (25.3%), ciliates (1.7%), lungworms (0.6%), fungi (3.4%) and bacteria (5.1%) or mixed infections (9%) of these agents. Noted histopathological lesions in affected organs included infiltration of inflammatory …
Abundance And Distribution Of Afrosteles Distans An Indicator Of Food Availability For The Kihansi Spray Toad (Nectophrynoides Asperginis) In The Kihansi Gorge, Lulu T Kaaya, Rashid A Tamatamah, Timoth B Suya
Abundance And Distribution Of Afrosteles Distans An Indicator Of Food Availability For The Kihansi Spray Toad (Nectophrynoides Asperginis) In The Kihansi Gorge, Lulu T Kaaya, Rashid A Tamatamah, Timoth B Suya
Tanzania Journal of Science
Survivorship of the Kihansi Spray Toad in the wild depends on various factors such as environment, habitat, food availability, diseases and predation. This study assessed the abundance of Afrosteles distans Linnavuori 1959 as an indicator of food availability for the Kihansi Spray Toad. Samples were collected from sprinkled (A, B, C, D, E and F) and non-sprinkled (G and H) plots in the upper spray wetland in the Kihansi gorge during the dry period in 2007, 2008, 2015, 2016 and 2018. There was a significantly higher abundance of A. distans in sprinkled than non-sprinkled plots. ANOVA showed significant differences in …
Research Work And Conservation Initiatives In The Kihansi Catchment Ecosystem, Tanzania, Cl Nahonyo
Research Work And Conservation Initiatives In The Kihansi Catchment Ecosystem, Tanzania, Cl Nahonyo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Keynote Address for the Scientific Conference on Research and Conservation Initiatives in the Kihansi Catchment Ecosystem: Successes, Challenges and Way forward held at the National Carbon Monitoring Centre (NCMC), Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) on 24 – 27 July 2017.
Histopathological Diagnosis Of Diseases Affecting Amphibians Inhabiting Kihansi Gorge, Tanzania, Joshua J Malago
Histopathological Diagnosis Of Diseases Affecting Amphibians Inhabiting Kihansi Gorge, Tanzania, Joshua J Malago
Tanzania Journal of Science
Kihansi gorge is a natural habitat to Kihansi spray toad (KST), Nectophrynoides asperginis. The toad is extinct in its natural habitat partly due to diseases. Efforts to successfully re-introduce it are primed by awareness and mitigation of prevalent diseases at the gorge. This study aimed at exploring the prevalent amphibian diseases at and around Kihansi gorge. A total of 182 individuals from Petropedetes yakusini (n = 60), Nectophrynoides tornieri (n = 60) and Leptopelis uluguruensis (n = 62) species were collected, humanely sacrificed, fixed in formalin, routinely processed, sectioned, stained with haematoxylin and eosin and analysed for diseases by histopathology. …
Radioactivity Assessment Of 40k, 238u And 232th In Surface Soil Samples Of Igbokoda, Southwest Of Nigeria, Olusegun Sowole, Kolawole A. Egunjobi
Radioactivity Assessment Of 40k, 238u And 232th In Surface Soil Samples Of Igbokoda, Southwest Of Nigeria, Olusegun Sowole, Kolawole A. Egunjobi
Tanzania Journal of Science
Natural radionuclides are found in soil and are capable of disintegrating leading to the release of ionizing radiations that can have harmful effects on individuals exposed to them most especially when exceeding the recommended global limits of radiological parameters. Assessment of activity concentrations of 40K, 238U and 232Th in surface soil samples from different locations at Igbokoda where crude oil exploration was taking place, at Ondo State in Nigeria, had been determined by gamma spectrometry using NaI (TI) detector coupled with a pre-amplifier base connected to a multiple channel analyzer (MCA) which was used to calculate the radiological indicators. 10 …
Land Cover Change Detection In The Urban Catchments Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania Using Remote Sensing And Gis Techniques, Philip Mzava, Joel Nobert, Patrick Valimba
Land Cover Change Detection In The Urban Catchments Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania Using Remote Sensing And Gis Techniques, Philip Mzava, Joel Nobert, Patrick Valimba
Tanzania Journal of Science
In this study, the Maximum Likelihood (ML) classification, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods were applied to three (3) Landsat images collected over time (1979, 1998 and 2014), that contained historical land cover features for the urban catchments of Dar es Salaam. Five major land cover classes were identified, mapped, and the land cover changes investigated. The major land cover changes observed from post-classification comparisons of the classified images are: the forest land losing 17.09% of its area in the period 1979-1998 to other land covers, mainly turning to grassland, and from 1998 to 2014, …
The Need Of A Structured Tilapia Breeding Program In Tanzania To Enhance Aquaculture Production: A Review, Redempta A. Kajungiro, Levinus L. Mapenzi, Christer S. Nyinondi, Anna Norman Haldén, Aviti J. Mmochi, Mwita Chacha, Matern S.P. Mtolera, Hieromin A. Lamtane, Dirk Jan De Koning
The Need Of A Structured Tilapia Breeding Program In Tanzania To Enhance Aquaculture Production: A Review, Redempta A. Kajungiro, Levinus L. Mapenzi, Christer S. Nyinondi, Anna Norman Haldén, Aviti J. Mmochi, Mwita Chacha, Matern S.P. Mtolera, Hieromin A. Lamtane, Dirk Jan De Koning
Tanzania Journal of Science
Breeding programs are crucial for boosting productivity and increase sustainability of aquaculture. Over years, Tanzania has witnessed fluctuation in its capture fisheries production from 320,900 to 375, 535 and back to 362,595 metric tonnes in the years 2000, 2005 and 2016, respectively (URT 2016). The declining trend in fish production has made fish supply in the country unstable and conversely, increased the demand for fishes to about 730,000 metric tonnes in 2017. However, the local aquaculture production has not increased accordingly. Tanzania is importing fish mainly from Asia to meet its increased demand. In 2017, a total of 2,055,721 kg …
Phytoremediation Potential Of Four Heavy Metals In Soil By Chromolaena Odorata (L.) King & Robinson At The Phytotoxicity Screening Benchmarks, Gloria O. Omoregie, Beckley Ikhajiagbe, Geoffery O. Anoliefo
Phytoremediation Potential Of Four Heavy Metals In Soil By Chromolaena Odorata (L.) King & Robinson At The Phytotoxicity Screening Benchmarks, Gloria O. Omoregie, Beckley Ikhajiagbe, Geoffery O. Anoliefo
Tanzania Journal of Science
The remediative capacity of Chromolaena odorata with respect to heavy metal induced growth-stress was investigated. This was with a view to providing information on the adaptive mechanisms adopted by the test plant during the phytoremediation of selected heavy metals such as copper, manganese, zinc and cadmium. Stems of C. odorata were planted in soils polluted with Mn, Zn, Cd, and Cu at the ecological screening benchmark (ESB) of 50 mg/kg (Mn and Zn), 4 mg/kg (Cd) and 100 mg/kg (Cu) of metal per kilogram of soil, in varying concentrations of 0 ESB (control), 1 ESB, 3 ESB and 5 ESB. …
Target-To-Target Interaction In Through-The-Wall Radars Under Path Loss Compensated Multipath Exploitation-Based Signal Model For Sparse Image Reconstruction, Emmanuel K. Kokumo, Baraka Maiseli, Abdi T. Abdalla
Target-To-Target Interaction In Through-The-Wall Radars Under Path Loss Compensated Multipath Exploitation-Based Signal Model For Sparse Image Reconstruction, Emmanuel K. Kokumo, Baraka Maiseli, Abdi T. Abdalla
Tanzania Journal of Science
Multipath caused by reflections from interior walls of buildings has been a long-standing challenge that affects through-the-wall radar imaging. Multipath creates ghost images that introduce confusion when detecting desired targets. Traditionally, multipath exploitation techniques under the compressive sensing framework have widely been applied to address the challenge. However, the multipath component emanating from target-to-target interactions has not been considered–a consequence that may, under multiple target scenarios, lead to incorrect image interpretation. Besides, far targets experience more attenuation due to free space path loss, hence resulting into target undetectability. This study proposes a signal model, based on multipath exploitation techniques, by …
Characterization And Domestication Of Wild Edible Mushrooms From Selected Indigenous Forests In Burundi, Vincent Nteziryayo, Donatha D. Tibuhwa, Prosper Kiyuku, Tatien Masharabu
Characterization And Domestication Of Wild Edible Mushrooms From Selected Indigenous Forests In Burundi, Vincent Nteziryayo, Donatha D. Tibuhwa, Prosper Kiyuku, Tatien Masharabu
Tanzania Journal of Science
In Burundi, minimum work has been done to comprehensively identify and commercialize high yielding local mushrooms. The previous studies carried out on mushroom cultivation have focused on exotic strains. This is the first study undertaken on domestication of wild edible mushrooms from Burundi indigenous forests. Nine samples were collected from four protected areas and characterized using phenotypic and molecular markers. Germoplasm isolation through tissue culture techniques, spawn production and cultivation studies were also undertaken. Mushroom samples were identified as Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Lentinus squarrosulus, Hypholoma fasciculare, Laetiporus sulfureus, Macrolepiota dolichaula, Trametes polyzona, Amanita zambiana, Lactarius delicious and Amanita verna. Spawn production …
On Scalar Multiples Of Hypercyclic Operators On Non-Normable And Separable Fréchet Spaces, Melkiory M. Aloyce, Santosh Kumar, Marco Mpimbo
On Scalar Multiples Of Hypercyclic Operators On Non-Normable And Separable Fréchet Spaces, Melkiory M. Aloyce, Santosh Kumar, Marco Mpimbo
Tanzania Journal of Science
In this paper, we proved that if F is a non-normable and separable Fréchet space without a continuous norm, then there exists an operator T L (F) such that λ T is hypercyclic for any λ {0} of modulus 1 and has similar set of hypercyclic vectors as T. An illustrative example to the main theorem is also provided.
Antimicrobial Activities Of Endophytic Fungi Secondary Metabolites From Moringa Oleifera (Lam), Zuhura N. Mwanga, Esther F. Mvungi, Donatha D Tibuhwa
Antimicrobial Activities Of Endophytic Fungi Secondary Metabolites From Moringa Oleifera (Lam), Zuhura N. Mwanga, Esther F. Mvungi, Donatha D Tibuhwa
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study presents the antimicrobial activities of secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi isolated from a medicinal plant Moringa oleifera growing at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Two endophytic fungi were identified, Nigrospora sp. from leaves, and Fusarium sp. from roots and seeds. The disc method was used in testing the antimicrobial activities of the crude extracts of endophytic fungi secondary metabolites against four human pathogens, namely, Bacillus substilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The results revealed that the crude extracts of endophytes secondary metabolites from leaves showed strong antimicrobial activities against two Gram positive bacteria and …
Modelling And Analysis Of A Holling Type Ii Stage Structured Predator-Prey System In The Presence Of Harvesting, Jacob Lyimo, Nyimvua Shaban, Eunice Mureithi, Thadei Sagamiko
Modelling And Analysis Of A Holling Type Ii Stage Structured Predator-Prey System In The Presence Of Harvesting, Jacob Lyimo, Nyimvua Shaban, Eunice Mureithi, Thadei Sagamiko
Tanzania Journal of Science
The effect of harvesting and predation on a Holling type II stage-structured predator-prey system with assumption that harvesting and predation happen only to mature preys was investigated. Stability of interior point was analysed using Routh Hurwith Criterion. Numerical simulations were carried out. The results show that harvesting and predation have strong negative impacts on population dynamics of stage structured predator-prey system.
Effects Of Seasons And Zonation On Biochemical Contents Of Two Seagrass Species Along Dar Es Salaam Coast, Tanzania, Wamwi M. Mbaga, Esther F. Mvungi
Effects Of Seasons And Zonation On Biochemical Contents Of Two Seagrass Species Along Dar Es Salaam Coast, Tanzania, Wamwi M. Mbaga, Esther F. Mvungi
Tanzania Journal of Science
Accumulation and allocation of biochemicals in plants are affected by various factors. The influence of seasons and vertical zonation on biochemical contents of seagrasses Cymodocea rotundata and Thalassia hemprichii from Mjimwema seagrass meadow along the coast of Dar es Salaam were assessed. Samples were collected in 2016 during wet/rainy (April–May) and dry (June–July) seasons. Concentrations of crude protein, soluble carbohydrates, phosphorus, lipid, and proline were determined using standard methods. Significant higher levels of phosphorus, lipid, protein and proline were observed during the dry season than in wet season (p < 0.05). Likewise, seagrass population occurring at the shore zone expressed higher levels of biochemical contents than those found at the subtidal zones. The highest concentration of protein was recorded in Thalassia hemprichii (5.8 mg/g dw)), while those of lipid and carbohydrates (27.1 and 53.1 mg/g dw, respectively) were recorded in Cymodocea rotundata. The two species studied did not vary significantly in their biochemical concentrations in both seasons. Generally it was observed that the concentrations of studied biochemicals were up-regulated during the dry season and varied depending on the locations where the seagrass grow. Thus, both season and zonation played roles in biochemical accumulation in the seagrasses understudy, however not interactively.
Climate Change Increasing Threats On Non-Conserved Mangroves Forests Of Micheweni, Zanzibar–Tanzania, Haji M. Hamad, Islam S.S. Mchenga, Mariam I. Hamisi
Climate Change Increasing Threats On Non-Conserved Mangroves Forests Of Micheweni, Zanzibar–Tanzania, Haji M. Hamad, Islam S.S. Mchenga, Mariam I. Hamisi
Tanzania Journal of Science
Overutilization of mangroves has been reported as the factor for mangrove declining across the globe. However, currently, the global climate change has been claimed to pose significant threats to the survival of mangroves. This study analysed the impacts of climatic variability (sea level rise, temperature and precipitation) to the mangroves of Micheweni (non reserve) and Ngezi-Vumawimbi (nature forest reserve). Multi-disciplinary approach was employed to collect information on community perceptions. Secondary time series data of up to 30 years for temperature, rainfall and sea level rise were collected and analysed. Inquiry results on how local communities perceived climate change showed that …