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Modelling Road Traffic Accidents Counts In Tanzania: A Poisson Regression Approach, Thadei Sagamiko, Nyimvua Mbare
Modelling Road Traffic Accidents Counts In Tanzania: A Poisson Regression Approach, Thadei Sagamiko, Nyimvua Mbare
Tanzania Journal of Science
Road traffic accidents have become serious threats to Tanzanians in recent years. The outcryemanates from the increasing prevalence of negative effects of accidents on human lives,properties, environments and the economy. Poisson regression model was used to study therelationship between road accidents and the factors facilitating them in Tanzania. Count data onyearly road traffic accidents for Tanzania covering the period 1993 to 2019 were used. Due toover-dispersion of Poisson regression model, quasi-Poisson regression model was found the mostappropriate approach for the analysis of these data. Results indicated that all predictors aresignificant under Poisson regression model with p-value less than 0.05 but …
Campylobacteriosis Transmission Dynamics In Humans: Modeling The Effects Of Public Health Education, Treatment, And Sanitation, Furaha Chuma, Zubeda Mussa
Campylobacteriosis Transmission Dynamics In Humans: Modeling The Effects Of Public Health Education, Treatment, And Sanitation, Furaha Chuma, Zubeda Mussa
Tanzania Journal of Science
An epidemic model for the dynamics of campylobacteriosis disease with public health education, treatment, and sanitation control strategies was formulated and analyzed. The stabilities of the equilibrium points were analyzed by using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. The effective reproduction number was computed by using the Next Generation Matrix method. Numerical simulations were carried out and the results showed that, public health education has a substantial influence on the reduction of the effective reproduction number. Moreover, treatment and sanitation control strategies have also shown significant reduction of infected individuals from the respective population.Keywords: Campylobacteriosis; public health education; treatment; sanitation.
Physicochemical And Sensory Evaluation Of Mixed Juices From Banana, Pineapple And Passion Fruits During Storage, Victor Matabura, Oscar Kibazohi
Physicochemical And Sensory Evaluation Of Mixed Juices From Banana, Pineapple And Passion Fruits During Storage, Victor Matabura, Oscar Kibazohi
Tanzania Journal of Science
Juices from fresh fruits offer various health benefits, including strengthening the immune system and preventing diseases. Mixed fruit juices tend to have good nutritional contents and organoleptic properties like colour, flavour, taste, and overall appeal of different fruits. This work investigated the physicochemical and sensory attributes of fruit juice of low viscosity banana juice blended with pineapple and passion juices. The prepared juices were pasteurised at 92 °C for 15 s, bottled in air-tight glass bottles, and subsequently stored in two different conditions: an ambient temperature of approximately 28 ± 2 °C and a fridge at 4 ºC for one …
Corrosion Inhibition Of Mild Steel In Seawater By 2,4,6-Triamino-3-Pentadecylphenyl Acetate Derived From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, Emanuel Ricky, Esther Lugwisha, Joseph Philip
Corrosion Inhibition Of Mild Steel In Seawater By 2,4,6-Triamino-3-Pentadecylphenyl Acetate Derived From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, Emanuel Ricky, Esther Lugwisha, Joseph Philip
Tanzania Journal of Science
The corrosion inhibition performance of 2,4,6-triamino-3-pentadecylphenyl acetate on mild steel in seawater at stationary condition, 30 °C and pH 8 was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The maximum inhibition efficiency of 93% was found in the presence of 300 ppm of 2,4,6-triamino-3-pentadecylphenyl acetate for both potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The potentiodynamic polarization curves show that 2,4,6-triamino-3-pentadecylphenyl acetate acts as a mixed type inhibitor which influences more the anodic processes. The Nyquist plots revealed that the polarization resistance (Rp) increases whereas the double-layer capacitance (Cdl) and corrosion current density (icorr) decrease as the concentrations of …
Wastewater Clarification And Microbial Load Reduction Using Agro-Forestry And Agricultural Wastes, Joel Njewa, Ephraim Vunain, Timothy Biswick
Wastewater Clarification And Microbial Load Reduction Using Agro-Forestry And Agricultural Wastes, Joel Njewa, Ephraim Vunain, Timothy Biswick
Tanzania Journal of Science
Five agro-wastes, namely: cassava peels, Irish potato peels, Jatropha curcas seeds, Moringa oleifera seeds and rice husks were investigated as plant-based coagulants for turbidity and microbial load removal from sewage wastewater. Moringa oleifera and Jatropha curcas seeds before usage were defatted with 95% ethanol and the active coagulating component was extracted with 1.0 M NaCl. For the other three agro-wastes, their ashes were evaluated for turbidity and microbial load removal. The ash was prepared through pyrolysis of the raw biomass at a temperature of 800 °C for 3 h. The effect of pH, coagulant dose, settling time on turbidity reduction …
Characterization, Antimicrobial And Toxicity Studies Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Opuntia Ficus Indica Leaves Extracts From Effurun, Delta State, Christiana Ogwuche, Harrison Moses
Characterization, Antimicrobial And Toxicity Studies Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Opuntia Ficus Indica Leaves Extracts From Effurun, Delta State, Christiana Ogwuche, Harrison Moses
Tanzania Journal of Science
The silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reacting silver nitrate, a metal precursor with the extract obtained from the leaves of Opuntia ficus indica, which acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Formation of silver nanoparticles was indicated by colour change from light yellow to dark brown which was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy showing surface plasmon band at 369 nm resulting from relatively small amount of reductive biomolecules for the silver ion reduction. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis gave the morphology of the nanoparticles and showed that the silver particles were of spherical shape. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer presented …
Application Of Guided Local Search (Gls) In Portfolio Optimization, Collether John
Application Of Guided Local Search (Gls) In Portfolio Optimization, Collether John
Tanzania Journal of Science
Portfolio optimization is a major activity in any operating business. Conventional portfolio optimization research makes simplifying assumptions; for example, they assume no constraint in how many assets one holds (cardinality constraint). They also assume no minimum and maximum holding sizes (holding size constraint). Once these assumptions are relaxed, conventional methods become inapplicable, and hence new methods are needed to tackle this challenge. Threshold Accepting is an established algorithm in the extended portfolio optimization problem. In this paper, an algorithm called Guided Local Search (GLS) is applied using an accurate and efficient designed hill climbing algorithm, named HC-C-R. GLS sitting on …
Cellulase-Producing Bacteria Isolated From Mufindi Paper Mill Industrial Effluent, Iringa Tanzania, Erick Sinza, Aneth Mwakilili, Cyprian Mpinda, Sylvester Lyantagaye
Cellulase-Producing Bacteria Isolated From Mufindi Paper Mill Industrial Effluent, Iringa Tanzania, Erick Sinza, Aneth Mwakilili, Cyprian Mpinda, Sylvester Lyantagaye
Tanzania Journal of Science
Effluent and effluent-contaminated soil samples collected from Mufindi Paper Mill Limited, Iringa Tanzania were investigated for the presence of cellulolytic bacteria. The components of cellulase are endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase and these are very important for complete hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose monomers. Isolates were grown on nutrient agar and screened for cellulolytic activity on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) agar plates using Gram’s iodine solution. Cellulases activities; endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase were assayed using CMC, avicel and cellobiose substrates, respectively by dinitrosalicyclic acid method. Out of 17 cellulolytic isolates obtained, crude enzyme extracts of only five isolates expressed all cellulases activities, the …
Capacity Analysis Of A Television White Space Network Deployed Under Distance Distribution Approach, Moses Ismail, Mussa Kissaka, Prosper Mafole
Capacity Analysis Of A Television White Space Network Deployed Under Distance Distribution Approach, Moses Ismail, Mussa Kissaka, Prosper Mafole
Tanzania Journal of Science
Television White Space (TVWS) is currently a leading technology for broadband connectivity in rural areas due to its penetration capability and robustness to attenuation and fading. Since most rural areas where TVWS is suitable are characterized by sparse population distribution, a deployed network must be adequately planned to provide the required coverage while meeting the targeted quality of service. This paper modelled and analyzed the capacity of a TVWS suitable for sparsely populated settings. The TVWS network was modelled using the distance distribution approach, and capacity simulation was carried out through Matlab. Results showed that, at the signal quality of …
Multi-Bands Circular Ring Monopole Antenna With Double L-Shape For Wlan/Wimax Applications, Hassan Mkindu, Hashim Iddi
Multi-Bands Circular Ring Monopole Antenna With Double L-Shape For Wlan/Wimax Applications, Hassan Mkindu, Hashim Iddi
Tanzania Journal of Science
The rapid growth of technology increases the demands of low profile and compact antennas, supporting different wireless systems standards in mobile devices. Recently, several multi-band antenna designs have been proposed for mobile devices due to the current advancement of antenna technology. In this paper, a multi-band circular ring with a double L-shaped monopole antenna for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a circular-shaped and rectangular strip connected with two inverted L-shaped trips. The H-shaped-strips are attached within the rectangular-strips. The antenna is fed by a 50 …
A Model For Mapping Combined Effects Of Quality Of Service Parameters And Device Features On Video Streaming Quality Of Experience, Beatrice Buberwa, Mercy Mbise
A Model For Mapping Combined Effects Of Quality Of Service Parameters And Device Features On Video Streaming Quality Of Experience, Beatrice Buberwa, Mercy Mbise
Tanzania Journal of Science
Maintaining quality of streaming video is challenged by network faults resulting into freezes and rebufferings on the video. On top of the network effects, device features have impacts on the image of the video frames displayed during streaming. Despite the simultaneous impacts of video quality from network and device, previous studies considered individual impact of network parameters or devices as influencing factors to propose Quality of Experience (QoE) models. This study proposed QoE model by mapping combined effects from both network and device on video streamed QoE. An experiment to study the effects of video quality from combined effects of …
Acetylcholinesterase Activity And Oxidative Stress Biomarkers In Fiddler Crabs (Austruca Occidentalis) Along The Coastal Mangrove Areas Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, James Lugata, Flora Stephano, Harishchandra Pratap
Acetylcholinesterase Activity And Oxidative Stress Biomarkers In Fiddler Crabs (Austruca Occidentalis) Along The Coastal Mangrove Areas Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, James Lugata, Flora Stephano, Harishchandra Pratap
Tanzania Journal of Science
The aquatic organisms such as crustaceans serve as bioindicators of the environmental stressors which affect the aquatic ecosystems. The present study assessed environmental health status through fiddler crabs (Austruca occidentalis) towards oxidative stress biomarkers and AChE activity in mangroves with different levels of salinity and environmental contamination. Fiddler crabs were collected from Mtoni Kijichi, Kunduchi and Mbweni, which experience different levels of contamination from high to low along the Dar es Salaam coastline. Malondialdehyde the biomarker of oxidative stress was analysed by lipid peroxidation (LPO) assay and AChE activity was tested using Ellman assay in the crab tissues (muscles, hepatopancreas …
Effects Of Time On Ph, Total Bacteria Counts, And Total Hydrocarbon Contents In The Bioremediation Of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil Using Indigenous Bio-Stimulants, Ita Uwidia, Osalodion Uwidia
Effects Of Time On Ph, Total Bacteria Counts, And Total Hydrocarbon Contents In The Bioremediation Of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil Using Indigenous Bio-Stimulants, Ita Uwidia, Osalodion Uwidia
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of time on pH, total bacteria counts, and total hydrocarbon contents in the bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil using pig waste and sawdust as bio-stimulants. Dried soil samples (500 g each) were weighed each into seven different plastic bowls, and each bowl was contaminated with 10 g of crude oil. Six of the contaminated soil samples in six of the plastic bowls were amended with a combination of pig waste and sawdust as bio-stimulants in the ratio of 1:1 in amounts of 150 g, 125 g, 100 g, 75 g, 50 …
Analysis Of A Reform Option For The Tanzanian Pension System, Andongwisye Mwakisisile, Torbjörn Larsson
Analysis Of A Reform Option For The Tanzanian Pension System, Andongwisye Mwakisisile, Torbjörn Larsson
Tanzania Journal of Science
In this study, an analysis of a reform option for the Tanzanian pension system was done. The current system is dominated by mandatory defined benefit operating under pay-as-you-go principles. The retirement benefits are based on the average of the three best final salaries in the ten years preceding retirement. Several studies and international experts have shown that such systems face unsustainability. We propose a reform to a notional defined contribution system in which the benefits depend on accumulated contributions indexed by internal rates of returns. Simulation of results for a time horizon of fifty years shows that the notional defined …
Analysis Of Repeated Milk Yields And Composition Traits By Mixed Models For Crossbred Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows, Ewonetu Senbeta, Kefelegn Kefenie, Adane Abebe
Analysis Of Repeated Milk Yields And Composition Traits By Mixed Models For Crossbred Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows, Ewonetu Senbeta, Kefelegn Kefenie, Adane Abebe
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study evaluated the effects of milking month, milking time, and lactation stage on milk yield and composition traits of crossbred dairy cows. Twelve crossbred Holstein Friesian cows with the same parity were purposefully selected and categorized into three groups; each consisting of four. All cows were individually managed for 120 days. Milk yield record was done every day for the morning and evening time whereas milk samples were taken every fifteen-day intervals. Data collected were analysed by PROC MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4. The “morning milkings” in all milking months showed the highest variations for “milk yield” whereas the …
Mineralogy And Geochemistry Of Shale-Hosted Copper Of The Middle Buanji Group, Chimala Area, South-Western Tanzania, Almachius Mutasingwa, Michael Msabi, Neema Jackson, Seetharamaiah Jagarlamudi
Mineralogy And Geochemistry Of Shale-Hosted Copper Of The Middle Buanji Group, Chimala Area, South-Western Tanzania, Almachius Mutasingwa, Michael Msabi, Neema Jackson, Seetharamaiah Jagarlamudi
Tanzania Journal of Science
The mineralogical and geochemical assessments are presented in this paper to constrain the mineralogy and copper concentrations of the shale-hosted copper in the Middle Buanji Group of the Upper Paleoproterozoic (1.67 Ga). The XRD analysis revealed that illite and chamosite are the major clay minerals present in the shales together with pseudomalachite, quartz, and muscovite that constitute over 95% by proportion of the sample. The minerals biotite, birnessite, ferroselite, bearsite, chloritoid, and anatase are present in association with shale-hosted copper in low amounts (i.e., <5% by proportion of the sample). The pseudomalachite [Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4] is considered as ore mineral of copper in the shales of the Middle Buanji Group. Field observations revealed the presence of different shale layers within the Middle Buanji Group such as red, grey and green/blue in which copper mineral is distributed. On average, the copper concentrations in the shale layers were unevenly distributed throughout the red-grey-green shales layers with values of 0.31 wt%, 5.2 wt% and 13.19 wt%, respectively. A noticeable amount of copper mineralization up to 25.7 wt% was restricted within the green shale layer as compared to red (0.31 wt%) and grey (10.9 wt%) layers. Keywords: Pseudomalachite; Supergene enrichment; Shale-hosted copper; Green shale layer
Effectiveness Of Common Household Washing Of Tomatoes On The Removal Of Pesticide Residues, John Mahugija, Flaviana Ngabala, Faustin Ngassapa
Effectiveness Of Common Household Washing Of Tomatoes On The Removal Of Pesticide Residues, John Mahugija, Flaviana Ngabala, Faustin Ngassapa
Tanzania Journal of Science
The effectiveness of common household washing processes of tomatoes on the removal of pesticide residues was investigated in Iringa, Tanzania. Analyses of cleaned-up extracts were carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Nine pesticide residues were detected in unwashed and washed samples. The compounds detected were chlorothalonil, pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, endosulfan sulphate, endosulfan ether, lambda cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and metalaxyl. The concentrations of chlorothalonil, pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, cypermethrin and lambda cyhalothrin in some unwashed and washed samples exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Washing reduced the concentrations of chlorothalonil and endosulfan sulphate in tomatoes by 22.2–98.0% (mean = 70%) and 33.3–55.6% …
Mobile Pedestrian Navigation Framework For Multi-Factors Resources Allocation, Joseph Mushi, Baraka Jungwa
Mobile Pedestrian Navigation Framework For Multi-Factors Resources Allocation, Joseph Mushi, Baraka Jungwa
Tanzania Journal of Science
Although it is possible for pedestrian to walk to unfamiliar places, familiarizing and finding a way out of new environments is quite challenging unless a pedestrian navigation system (PNS) is used. Most existing PNS solutions are employing vehicle navigation framework, however, such systems are designed to work efficiently for vehicular systems and not suitable for finding shortest path in environment with poor geospatial mapping. This study designed pedestrian navigation framework for PNS that supports resource allocations in environment with poor geospatial mapping. Mixtures of qualitative and quantitative methods have been used to interview prospective users for requirement specifications and experimental …
Floristic Studies On Herbaceous And Grass Species Growing In The University Of Lagos, Nigeria, George Nodza, Ruth Anthony, Temitope Onuminya, Oluwatoyin Ogundipe
Floristic Studies On Herbaceous And Grass Species Growing In The University Of Lagos, Nigeria, George Nodza, Ruth Anthony, Temitope Onuminya, Oluwatoyin Ogundipe
Tanzania Journal of Science
Rapid loss in flora diversity, changing patterns of vegetation and land use patterns in the University of Lagos Akoka campus has necessitated investigation on the herb and grass species so as to determine their compositions, structures and diversity within the area. Twenty sampling plots of 10m x 10m each were studied in five selected locations using random sampling. The samples were counted and identified using Flora of West Tropical Africa. A total of 75 taxa (herbs = 53 spp and grasses = 22 spp) belonging to 26 families and 64 genera were recorded in the area. Of all the families, …
Monthly And Seasonal Rainfall Concentrations And Predictability In Tanzania, Pasvolo Mwinuka, Christian Uiso, Ladslaus Chang’A, Mwingereza Kumwenda
Monthly And Seasonal Rainfall Concentrations And Predictability In Tanzania, Pasvolo Mwinuka, Christian Uiso, Ladslaus Chang’A, Mwingereza Kumwenda
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study aimed at determining the monthly and seasonal rainfall concentration, predictability and the changes in rainfall seasons in Tanzania. Rainfall predictability was determined using Colwell’s indices, Rainfall Concentration Index (RCI) and Coefficient of Variation (CV). Results showed that rainfall in December–February (DJF), January–March (JFM) and February–April (FMA) has predictability due to constancy of 60%, RCI ≤ 9 and CV < 0.4 in Lake zone, Central zone, Southern Coast zone, Western and Southern Highlands zone. Rainfall in October to December (OND) was reliable in the Island zone, North-Eastern highlands zone and Northern coast zone with an average predictability due to constancy of 65%. In the Lake zone, all seasons (DJF, JFM, FMA, MAM, OND and DJFMAM) had uniform rainfall distribution (RCI = 8.7, CV = 0.35) and predictability due to constancy of 80% which leads to the conclusion that Lake Zone has unimodal rainfall distribution. Rainfall predictability in Tanzania has a West-East gradient. The western zones had an average predictability due to constancy of 68%. In general, rainfall in Tanzania is observed to be highly variable; only 20% of the predictability is concerned with reliability in the rainfall occurrence within the seasons and 80% is due to seasonality. Keywords: Rainfall concentration index; predictability; coefficient of variation; seasonality; constancy.
Geometric Morphometric Comparison Of Abu Mullet, Planiliza Abu (Heckel, 1843) Populations In Bushehr Basin, Iran: Fatemeh Shabaninejad, Yazdan Keivany, Dara Bagheri, Fatemeh Shabaninejad, Yazdan Keivany, Dara Bagheri
Geometric Morphometric Comparison Of Abu Mullet, Planiliza Abu (Heckel, 1843) Populations In Bushehr Basin, Iran: Fatemeh Shabaninejad, Yazdan Keivany, Dara Bagheri, Fatemeh Shabaninejad, Yazdan Keivany, Dara Bagheri
Tanzania Journal of Science
Many fish behavior and habitats could be defined based on the fish morphology, thus, using the fish body shape, in addition to its genetic characteristics, could be used to infer the type of fish habitat and its characteristics. This study aimed to compare the body shapes of five populations of abu mullet, Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843), in Bushehr basin using geometric morphometric method. Some 162 specimens from Hendijan, Genaveh, Helleh, Kaki and Mond rivers were used. Three morphometric characters, total length (TL), fork length (FL) and standard length (SL) were measured. Samples were photographed from the left side, then 18 …
Comparison Of Centrifugation And Solid Phase Extraction (Spe) Methods Of Sample Preparations In Determination Of Residues Of Drugs Of Abuse In Urine, John Mahugija, Anastazia Wandwi, Kessy Kilulya
Comparison Of Centrifugation And Solid Phase Extraction (Spe) Methods Of Sample Preparations In Determination Of Residues Of Drugs Of Abuse In Urine, John Mahugija, Anastazia Wandwi, Kessy Kilulya
Tanzania Journal of Science
Detection of drugs of abuse in urine samples depends on their composition, absorption, distribution, physical and chemical properties, concentrations, elimination properties, and the techniques employed. This study compared the performance of centrifugation and solid phase extraction (SPE) methods in the determination of levels of drugs of abuse and their metabolites in urine samples collected from drug abusers. Analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Calibration was done using both internal and external standards. The recovery values were generally greater in centrifugation method than in SPE method, but the recoveries in both methods were within an acceptable range. Linearity …
Antibacterial And Anti-Hiv-1 Reverse Transcriptase Activities Of Selected Medicinal Plants And Their Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, Rose J. Masalu, Sai Ngassa, Grace A. Kinunda, Cyprian B. Mpinda
Antibacterial And Anti-Hiv-1 Reverse Transcriptase Activities Of Selected Medicinal Plants And Their Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, Rose J. Masalu, Sai Ngassa, Grace A. Kinunda, Cyprian B. Mpinda
Tanzania Journal of Science
Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and associated opportunistic infections are still global health concerns. Traditional medicines have been used for managing these infections, with little about their biological activities being known. This study evaluated antimicrobial and anti-HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (RT) activities of medicinal plants; Harungana madagascariensis, Sapium ellipticum, Pseudospondias microcarpa, Capparis erythrocarpos, and Plectranthus barbatus; and activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous extracts of H. madagascariensis. Results revealed that aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of H. madagascariensis, S. ellipticum, P. microcarpa; and ethyl acetate extracts from P. barbatus exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging …
Detection Of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia Coli From Urinary Tract Infection In General Hospital, Minna, Nasiru U. Adabara, Naimat D. Bakinde, Sherifat O. Enejiyon, Tijani Salami, Doosuur Iorzua
Detection Of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia Coli From Urinary Tract Infection In General Hospital, Minna, Nasiru U. Adabara, Naimat D. Bakinde, Sherifat O. Enejiyon, Tijani Salami, Doosuur Iorzua
Tanzania Journal of Science
Possession of virulence factors such as extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) by pathogens generally exacerbates morbidity as well as increases healthcare costs. This study determined the production of ESBL among Escherichia coli isolated from the urinary tracts of subjects attending General Hospital, Minna, Nigeria. One hundred and fifty (150) urine samples were collected from subjects and cultured on CLED agar for the isolation of E. coli. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method, while the phenotypic identification of ESBL-producing strains was carried out using double disk synergy test. All results were interpreted based on Clinical and …
Improved Image Quality In Digital Mammography Using Anti-Scatter Grids, Samson O. Omondi, Peter K. Msaki, Ramadhan R. Kazema, Innocent J. Lugendo
Improved Image Quality In Digital Mammography Using Anti-Scatter Grids, Samson O. Omondi, Peter K. Msaki, Ramadhan R. Kazema, Innocent J. Lugendo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Curability and effective management of breast cancer are dependent on its early detection. Early diagnosis strategies focus on providing timely access to breast cancer treatments by reducing barriers and improving access to effective early diagnosis. Mammography is the screening method of choice but suffers from degrading effects of scatter photons obstructing visualization of ductal carcinoma in situ and micro-calcifications in the breast. Quantitative evaluation of scatter suppression by anti-scatter grid using the beam stopper method has been investigated. Breast tissue equivalent phantom, polymethyl methacrylate was evaluated at X-ray mammographic nominal energy ranges. The anti-scatter grid used had aluminium interspace material …
Synthesis And Ftir Characterization Of Mg-Hydroxylapatite Derived From Dolostone With High Dolomite Mineral Content, Wilson L. Mahene, Charles Gervas, Askwar H. Hilonga, Revocatus L. Machunda
Synthesis And Ftir Characterization Of Mg-Hydroxylapatite Derived From Dolostone With High Dolomite Mineral Content, Wilson L. Mahene, Charles Gervas, Askwar H. Hilonga, Revocatus L. Machunda
Tanzania Journal of Science
We present the synthesis of magnesium-substituted hydroxylapatite starting from locally available dolostone. The apatite was prepared by a reaction between heat pre-treated dolostone powder with phosphoric acid, maintained at the pH of 12.5 using sodium hydroxide. The resultant material was then calcined at 500 °C, 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C and 900 °C. The precursor dolostone was characterized by organic elemental analyser (CHNS-O analyser), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while the synthesized material was characterized by using FTIR. Results indicated that the dominant mineral in the carbonate rock materials was near-stoichiometric dolomite, while the synthesized …
Microbiological, Physicochemical And Heavy Metals Assessments Of Soils And Selected Vegetables Grown On Rumde-Doubeli Irrigated Farmland In Yola Nigeria, Mohammed Inuwa Ja’Afaru, Joel Uyi Ewansiha, Abdulwahab Dahiru, Konjerimam Ishaku Chimbekujwo
Microbiological, Physicochemical And Heavy Metals Assessments Of Soils And Selected Vegetables Grown On Rumde-Doubeli Irrigated Farmland In Yola Nigeria, Mohammed Inuwa Ja’Afaru, Joel Uyi Ewansiha, Abdulwahab Dahiru, Konjerimam Ishaku Chimbekujwo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Leaf parts of vegetable plants grown on irrigated farmlands and are easily accessed by contaminants; pose greater risks of being contaminated with heavy metals. Soil, irrigation water and edible vegetable plants were collected and evaluated for concentrations of heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and standard laboratory methods. Physicochemical parameters of irrigation water, compared with WHO limits for chloride (326.14 + 7.03 mg/L, 250 mg/L), total hardness (196.0 + 8.72 mg/L, 150 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (286.4 ±1.35 mg/L; 150 mg/L) and alkalinity (171.0 + 4.36 mg/L, 120 mg/L) were significantly (p ˂ 0.05) higher than the control sites …
Socio-Demographic Evaluation Of Ownership Levels And Utilization Rates Of Llins Against Malaria Vectors Within Urban Settlements Of Osogbo District, Osun State, Nigeria, Kamilu A. Fasasi, Akinlabi M. Rufai, Damilola H. Familoni, Monsuru A. Adeleke
Socio-Demographic Evaluation Of Ownership Levels And Utilization Rates Of Llins Against Malaria Vectors Within Urban Settlements Of Osogbo District, Osun State, Nigeria, Kamilu A. Fasasi, Akinlabi M. Rufai, Damilola H. Familoni, Monsuru A. Adeleke
Tanzania Journal of Science
Globally, malaria is one of the major endemic diseases of public health importance caused by Plasmodium spp. and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Efforts to eradicate malaria disease are on the decline despite appreciable progress recorded in the past. This warranted holistic review of malaria interventions which include among others, the assessment of Long Lasting Insecticidal Treated Nets (LLINs). Adopted questionnaires from Roll Back Malaria (RBM), World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) were administered to evaluate ownership levels and utilization rates of LLINs against malaria vectors in urban settlements of Osogbo district, Osun state, Nigeria. Out of …
Anti-Diarrhoeal Effects Of Aqueous Extract Of Vitex Doniana Stem Bark In Castor Oil-Induced Wistar Rats, Aliyu O. Amuzat, Yakubu Ndatsu, Mohammed J. Adisa, Rukayyah S. Sulaiman, Hadiza Mohammed, Abubakar A. Yusuf, Hauwa M. Ndayako
Anti-Diarrhoeal Effects Of Aqueous Extract Of Vitex Doniana Stem Bark In Castor Oil-Induced Wistar Rats, Aliyu O. Amuzat, Yakubu Ndatsu, Mohammed J. Adisa, Rukayyah S. Sulaiman, Hadiza Mohammed, Abubakar A. Yusuf, Hauwa M. Ndayako
Tanzania Journal of Science
Vitex doniana is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea-related disorders. In the present study, aqueous extract of Vitex doniana stem bark was evaluated for anti-diarrhoeal effects. Thirty albino rats of average weight 124 ± 4.35 g were distributed into five groups. Groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were orally administered 2 mL of normal saline, 2.5 mg/kg bodyweight (bw) loperamide, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg bodyweight of aqueous extract of V. doniana stem bark, respectively. The extract was evaluated using feacal characteristics, gastrointestinal motility and enteropooling test. Results for phytochemical screening revealed the …
Geological And Geochemical Characterisation Of Pegmatites Around Olode, Southwestern Nigeria, Razak O. Jimoh, Akinade S. Olatunji
Geological And Geochemical Characterisation Of Pegmatites Around Olode, Southwestern Nigeria, Razak O. Jimoh, Akinade S. Olatunji
Tanzania Journal of Science
Olode is prolific in terms of pegmatites, occurring in different ways as large intrusive bodies, as veins and dykes, discordantly intruding the host rocks of mica schist, gneiss and granite. This study is aimed at the geological and geochemical characterisation of pegmatites around Olode. Field investigation was undertaken to determine the occurrences and relationships of the pegmatites with the host rocks. Fresh pegmatite samples were studied petrographically and geochemically. Two main lithologically and chronologically different groups of pegmatites were distinguishable in the study area. These were the tourmaline pegmatites associated with the Older Granite rocks and the NE-SW trending beryl-bearing …