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Articles 271 - 300 of 1481
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Lead And Mercury In Historical Books And Their Contribution To Dust Contamination, Andrew Turner
Lead And Mercury In Historical Books And Their Contribution To Dust Contamination, Andrew Turner
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Historical products are often a source of toxic substances, like heavy metals, that have since been restricted. In this study, the lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) content of 133 books housed in two collections in southwest England (a university library and council repository), and published between 1704 and 2018, have been determined on-site by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Lead was detected in the front panels, text blocks and interior colour illustrations of most books, with maximum concentration of 15,100 mg kg-1, 8680 mg kg-1 and 12,800 mg kg-1, respectively. However, concentrations above 1000 mg kg-1 were generally restricted to books published …
Thinning And Surface Mass Balance Patterns Of Two Neighbouring Debris-Covered Glaciers In The Southeastern Tibetan Plateau, Chuanxi Zhao, Wei Yang, Evan Miles, Matthew Westoby, Marin Kneib, Yongjie Wang, Zhen He, Francesca Pellicciotti
Thinning And Surface Mass Balance Patterns Of Two Neighbouring Debris-Covered Glaciers In The Southeastern Tibetan Plateau, Chuanxi Zhao, Wei Yang, Evan Miles, Matthew Westoby, Marin Kneib, Yongjie Wang, Zhen He, Francesca Pellicciotti
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Debris-covered glaciers are a common feature of the mountain cryosphere in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. A better understanding of these glaciers is necessary to reduce the uncertainties in regional water resource variability and to anticipate potential cryospheric risks. In this study, we quantified the seasonal thinning and surface mass balance patterns of two neighbouring debris-covered glaciers (23K Glacier and 24K Glacier) in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau with four unpiloted aerial vehicle surveys and in situ measurements. We observed that the thinning of 23K Glacier was ∼2–7 times greater than that of the 24K Glacier for annual and cold periods. The …
Tropical Forests Are Approaching Critical Temperature Thresholds, Christopher E. Doughty, Jenna M. Keany, Benjamin C. Wiebe, Camilo Rey-Sanchez, Kelsey R. Carter, Kali B. Middleby, Alexander W. Cheesman, Michael L. Goulden, Rocha Hr Da, Scott D. Miller, Yadvinder Malhi, Sophie Fauset, Emanuel Gloor, Martijn Slot, Menor I Oliveras, Kristine Y. Crous, Gregory R. Goldsmith, Joshua B. Fisher
Tropical Forests Are Approaching Critical Temperature Thresholds, Christopher E. Doughty, Jenna M. Keany, Benjamin C. Wiebe, Camilo Rey-Sanchez, Kelsey R. Carter, Kali B. Middleby, Alexander W. Cheesman, Michael L. Goulden, Rocha Hr Da, Scott D. Miller, Yadvinder Malhi, Sophie Fauset, Emanuel Gloor, Martijn Slot, Menor I Oliveras, Kristine Y. Crous, Gregory R. Goldsmith, Joshua B. Fisher
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The critical temperature beyond which photosynthetic machinery in tropical trees begins to fail averages approximately 46.7 °C (Tcrit)1. However, it remains unclear whether leaf temperatures experienced by tropical vegetation approach this threshold or soon will under climate change. Here we found that pantropical canopy temperatures independently triangulated from individual leaf thermocouples, pyrgeometers and remote sensing (ECOSTRESS) have midday peak temperatures of approximately 34 °C during dry periods, with a long high-temperature tail that can exceed 40 °C. Leaf thermocouple data from multiple sites across the tropics suggest that even within pixels of moderate temperatures, upper canopy leaves exceed Tcrit 0.01% …
Thin And Transient Meltwater Layers And False Bottoms In The Arctic Sea Ice Pack-Recent Insights On These Historically Overlooked Features, Madison M. Smith, Hélène Angot, Emelia J. Chamberlain, Elise S. Droste, Salar Karam, Morven Muilwijk, Alison L. Webb, Stephen D. Archer, Ivo Beck, Byron W. Blomquist, Jeff Bowman, Matthew Boyer, Deborah Bozzato, Melissa Chierici, Jessie Creamean, Alessandra D’Angelo, Bruno Delille, Ilker Fer, Allison A. Fong, Agneta Fransson, Niels Fuchs, Jessie Gardner, Mats A. Granskog, Clara J.M. Hoppe, Mario Hoppema, Mario Hoppmann, Thomas Mock, Sofia Muller, Oliver Müller, Marcel Nicolaus
Thin And Transient Meltwater Layers And False Bottoms In The Arctic Sea Ice Pack-Recent Insights On These Historically Overlooked Features, Madison M. Smith, Hélène Angot, Emelia J. Chamberlain, Elise S. Droste, Salar Karam, Morven Muilwijk, Alison L. Webb, Stephen D. Archer, Ivo Beck, Byron W. Blomquist, Jeff Bowman, Matthew Boyer, Deborah Bozzato, Melissa Chierici, Jessie Creamean, Alessandra D’Angelo, Bruno Delille, Ilker Fer, Allison A. Fong, Agneta Fransson, Niels Fuchs, Jessie Gardner, Mats A. Granskog, Clara J.M. Hoppe, Mario Hoppema, Mario Hoppmann, Thomas Mock, Sofia Muller, Oliver Müller, Marcel Nicolaus
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The rapid melt of snow and sea ice during the Arctic summer provides a significant source of low-salinity meltwater to the surface ocean on the local scale. The accumulation of this meltwater on, under, and around sea ice floes can result in relatively thin meltwater layers in the upper ocean. Due to the small-scale nature of these upper-ocean features, typically on the order of 1 m thick or less, they are rarely detected by standard methods, but are nevertheless pervasive and critically important in Arctic summer. Observations during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition …
A Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulation For The Evaluation Of Pore Size Distribution Of Nuclear-Grade Graphite From Kr Adsorption Isotherms, Giuliano M. Laudone, Katie L. Jones
A Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulation For The Evaluation Of Pore Size Distribution Of Nuclear-Grade Graphite From Kr Adsorption Isotherms, Giuliano M. Laudone, Katie L. Jones
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Characterizing materials with low surface areas or with very small sample sizes requires innovative approaches beyond traditional N2 and Ar adsorption measurements. The measurement of Kr adsorption isotherms is often employed to serve this purpose, yet its potential remains limited by the lack of models for the interpretation of the experimental results in terms of pore size distribution. In this work, simulated adsorption isotherms of Kr onto graphite in slit-shaped pores are generated with a Grand Canonical Monte Carlo method. The pore size distributions of nuclear-grade graphite samples and activated carbon are modelled by fitting simulated isotherms to the experimental …
Restoration Management Of Phosphorus Pollution On Lowland Fen Peatlands: A Data Evidence Review From The Somerset Levels And Moors, Sean Comber, Paul Lunt, Mark Taylor, Natasha Underwood, Ry Crocker, Rob Schindler
Restoration Management Of Phosphorus Pollution On Lowland Fen Peatlands: A Data Evidence Review From The Somerset Levels And Moors, Sean Comber, Paul Lunt, Mark Taylor, Natasha Underwood, Ry Crocker, Rob Schindler
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Eutrophication of wetlands caused by urban, industrial and agricultural run-off is an important environmental problem. Eutrophication is characterized by excessive plant and algal growth due to the increased availability of one or more growth “limiting nutrients”, in freshwater generally considered to be controlled by the bioavailability of phosphorus (P). The Somerset Levels and Moors (SLMs) catchments are subject to intensive agriculture and wastewater inputs which leads to nutrient contamination of the inflow waters, to the extent that they fail Water Framework Directive Good Status targets for P concentrations. In 2021, Natural England downgraded the status of the SLMs Sites of …
(Im)Mobilising Youth Citizenship / Youth Citizenship (Im)Mobilities, Mark Holton, Suzanne Beech, Sara Mcdowell
(Im)Mobilising Youth Citizenship / Youth Citizenship (Im)Mobilities, Mark Holton, Suzanne Beech, Sara Mcdowell
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Mobility is a vital component to many conceptual, empirical and philosophical debates surrounding age, ageing and the life-course. In this paper we focus on how the relationship between mobility and citizenship shapes young people’s life-courses and life-chances, and, in turn, how this influences how young people engage with, produce, manage and promote everyday spaces. More than ever before, contemporary youth experience a myriad of expectations (both chances and needs) for mobility, all of which have allied opportunities and challenges that feed into their everyday and future lives. Specifically, mobility has clear implications for notions of citizenship and ‘being mobile’ is …
Optimisation Of Plutonium Separations Using Teva Cartridges And Icp-Ms/Ms Analysis For Applicability To Large-Scale Studies In Tropical Soils, Sophia M. Dowell, Thomas S. Barlow, Simon R. Chenery, Olivier S. Humphrey, Job Isaboke, William H. Blake, Odipo Osano, Michael J. Watts
Optimisation Of Plutonium Separations Using Teva Cartridges And Icp-Ms/Ms Analysis For Applicability To Large-Scale Studies In Tropical Soils, Sophia M. Dowell, Thomas S. Barlow, Simon R. Chenery, Olivier S. Humphrey, Job Isaboke, William H. Blake, Odipo Osano, Michael J. Watts
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The analysis of plutonium (Pu) in soil samples can inform the understanding of soil erosion processes globally. However, there are specific challenges associated for analysis in tropical soils and so an optimal analytical methodology ensuring best sensitivity is critical. This method aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of sample preparation and analysis of Pu isotopes in African soils, considering the environmental and cost implications applicable to low-resource laboratories. The separation procedure builds upon previous work using TEVA columns, further demonstrating their usefulness for the reduction of uranium (U) interference in ICP-MS analysis with enhanced selectivity for Pu. Here several steps were …
More Than Agriculture: Analysing Time-Cumulative Human Impact On European Land-Cover Of Second Half Of The Holocene, Anhelina Zapolska, Maria Antonia Serge, Florence Mazier, Aurélien Quiquet, Hans Renssen, Mathieu Vrac, Ralph Fyfe, Didier M. Roche
More Than Agriculture: Analysing Time-Cumulative Human Impact On European Land-Cover Of Second Half Of The Holocene, Anhelina Zapolska, Maria Antonia Serge, Florence Mazier, Aurélien Quiquet, Hans Renssen, Mathieu Vrac, Ralph Fyfe, Didier M. Roche
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Assessment of past anthropogenic modifications of land-cover dynamics is key to understanding the human role in the Earth system. Recent advances in palaeoenvironmental sciences allow us to assess the long-term impacts of anthropization on ecosystems, landscapes, and land-cover. Our study aims to evaluate the role of human impact on European land-cover over the past 6000 years by comparing two independent datasets. First, we use a dynamic vegetation model forced by debiased climate model outputs. The climate model uses natural forcings only and therefore the computed vegetation distribution is interpreted as the potential natural vegetation. Second, we use pollen-based reconstructions, which …
Characterisation Of Volatile Organic Compounds In Hospital Indoor Air And Exposure Health Risk Determination, Thiphanie P. Riveron, Michael J. Wilde, Wadah Ibrahim, Liesl Carr, Paul S. Monks, Neil J. Greening, Erol A. Gaillard, Chris E. Brightling, Salman Siddiqui, Anna L. Hansell, Rebecca L. Cordell
Characterisation Of Volatile Organic Compounds In Hospital Indoor Air And Exposure Health Risk Determination, Thiphanie P. Riveron, Michael J. Wilde, Wadah Ibrahim, Liesl Carr, Paul S. Monks, Neil J. Greening, Erol A. Gaillard, Chris E. Brightling, Salman Siddiqui, Anna L. Hansell, Rebecca L. Cordell
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have impacts on human health, but little is known about the concentrations of VOCs in the hospital environment. This study characterised VOCs present in clinical assessment rooms. More than 600 samples of air were collected over 31 months (2017–2020) at two hospital sites in Leicester, United Kingdom, and analysed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography, making this the largest hospital environment database worldwide on VOCs and first such UK study. The most abundant VOCs found were 2-propanol, ethyl chloride, acetone and hexane, with respective mean concentrations of 696.6 μgm−3, 436.5 μgm−3, 83.9 μgm−3 and 58.5 μgm−3. …
Localization Of Deformation In A Non‐Collisional Subduction Orogen: The Roles Of Dip Geometry And Plate Strength On The Evolution Of The Broken Andean Foreland, Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina, M Pons, Constanza Rodriguez Piceda, Sv Sobolev, M Scheck‐Wenderoth, Mr Strecker
Localization Of Deformation In A Non‐Collisional Subduction Orogen: The Roles Of Dip Geometry And Plate Strength On The Evolution Of The Broken Andean Foreland, Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina, M Pons, Constanza Rodriguez Piceda, Sv Sobolev, M Scheck‐Wenderoth, Mr Strecker
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The southern Central Andes (SCA, 27°–40°S) exhibit a complex deformation pattern that is influenced by multiple factors, including the present‐day dip angle of the subducting oceanic Nazca plate and the influence of inherited heterogeneities in the continental South American plate. This study employs a data‐driven geodynamic workflow to assess the role of various forcing factors in determining upper‐plate strain localization, both above the flat slab and the steeper segment to the south. These include the dip angle of the Nazca plate, the mechanically weak sedimentary basins, the thickness and composition of the continental crust, the strength of the subduction interface, …
Revolution And Continuity? Reassessing Nineteenth-Century Moorland Reclamation Through Palaeoecological And Archival Research, Leonard Baker, Francis M. Rowney, Henry French, Ralph M. Fyfe
Revolution And Continuity? Reassessing Nineteenth-Century Moorland Reclamation Through Palaeoecological And Archival Research, Leonard Baker, Francis M. Rowney, Henry French, Ralph M. Fyfe
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The upland moorlands of Britain are environmentally and culturally important ecosystems. Yet, our understanding of historical attempts to ‘reclaim’ these landscapes is often based upon incomplete accounts of agricultural ‘improvement’. Studies of historical landscape change have frequently focused on singular ‘revolutionary’ moments due to the limitation and biases of surviving historical sources, which has created a contemporary fixation on ‘reversing’ singular interventions. By combining palaeoecological data (pollen, coprophilous fungal spores and microcharcoal) from a recent study of five upland sites with newly rediscovered archival documents, this paper details the differences between how nineteenth-century actors described ecological interventions and some of …
Holocene Variations In The Asian Summer And Winter Monsoons Reconstructed From Extensive Lacustrine Sediments In The Mu Us Desert, Northern China, Xiaohao Wen, Matt W. Telfer, Baosheng Li, W Wang, Tim Daley, C Wang, Mengyuan Tian, Mingkun Qiu
Holocene Variations In The Asian Summer And Winter Monsoons Reconstructed From Extensive Lacustrine Sediments In The Mu Us Desert, Northern China, Xiaohao Wen, Matt W. Telfer, Baosheng Li, W Wang, Tim Daley, C Wang, Mengyuan Tian, Mingkun Qiu
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The Salawusu River Valley cuts through the Mu Us Desert in north central China, and lies at the interface of the East Asian Summer and Winter Monsoonal regions. Exposed at numerous locations in the valley side are extensive late Quaternary deposits, consisting of interbedded aeolian sands, fluvio-lacustrine units and palaeosols. Due to the importance of the location in potentially elucidating both summer and winter monsoonal regimes, and the quality of the sedimentary record, the region has a rich history of study, and yet even within the Holocene sequence, many conflicting interpretations have arisen based on studies on different sections. This …
The Development Of Arable Cultivation In The South-East Of England And Its Relationship With Vegetation Cover: A Honeymoon Period For Biodiversity?, Vareilles A De, Jessie Woodbridge, Ruth Pelling, Ralph Fyfe, D Smith, Gill Campbell, W Smith, Wendy Carruthers, Stacey Adams, Hegarat K Le, Lucy Allot
The Development Of Arable Cultivation In The South-East Of England And Its Relationship With Vegetation Cover: A Honeymoon Period For Biodiversity?, Vareilles A De, Jessie Woodbridge, Ruth Pelling, Ralph Fyfe, D Smith, Gill Campbell, W Smith, Wendy Carruthers, Stacey Adams, Hegarat K Le, Lucy Allot
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The onset of prehistoric farming brought unprecedented changes to landscapes and their biodiversity. Past biodiversity patterns are broadly understood for different parts of Europe, and demonstrate trajectories that have been linked to prehistoric and historic demographic transitions, and associated land-use practices. To our knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to directly link evidence of agricultural practice from the archaeological record to biodiversity patterns. Records of fossil pollen are used to estimate plant and landscape diversity patterns, and novel approaches are employed to analyse 1194 harmonised archaeobotanical samples (plant macrofossil remains) spanning the prehistoric and Roman periods, from southern England. …
Did The Bronze Age Deforestation Of Europe Affect Its Climate? A Regional Climate Model Study Using Pollen-Based Land Cover Reconstructions, Gustav Strandberg, Jie Chen, Ralph Fyfe, Erik Kjellström, Johan Lindström, Anneli Poska, Qiong Zhang, Marie José Gaillard
Did The Bronze Age Deforestation Of Europe Affect Its Climate? A Regional Climate Model Study Using Pollen-Based Land Cover Reconstructions, Gustav Strandberg, Jie Chen, Ralph Fyfe, Erik Kjellström, Johan Lindström, Anneli Poska, Qiong Zhang, Marie José Gaillard
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Abstract. This paper studies the impact of land use and land cover change (LULCC) on the climate around 2500 years ago (2.5 ka), a period of rapid transitions across the European landscape. One global climate model was used to force two regional climate models (RCMs). The RCMs used two land cover descriptions. The first was from a dynamical vegetation model representing potential land cover, and the second was from a land cover description reconstructed from pollen data by statistical interpolation. The two different land covers enable us to study the impact of land cover on climate conditions. Since the difference …
Rapid Fluvial Remobilization Of Sediments Deposited By The 2021 Chamoli Disaster, Indian Himalaya, Matthew J. Westoby, Stuart A. Dunning, Jonathan L. Carrivick, Thomas J. Coulthard, Kalachand Sain, Amit Kumar, Etienne Berthier, Umesh K. Haritashya, David E. Shean, Mohd Farooq Azam, Kavita Upadhyay, Michele Koppes, Harley R. Mccourt, Dan H. Shugar
Rapid Fluvial Remobilization Of Sediments Deposited By The 2021 Chamoli Disaster, Indian Himalaya, Matthew J. Westoby, Stuart A. Dunning, Jonathan L. Carrivick, Thomas J. Coulthard, Kalachand Sain, Amit Kumar, Etienne Berthier, Umesh K. Haritashya, David E. Shean, Mohd Farooq Azam, Kavita Upadhyay, Michele Koppes, Harley R. Mccourt, Dan H. Shugar
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
High-magnitude mass flows can have a pervasive geomorphological legacy, yet the short-term response of valley floors to such intense disturbances is poorly known and poses significant observational challenges in unstable landscapes. We combined satellite remote sensing, numerical modeling, and field observations to reconstruct the short-term geomorphological response of river channels directly affected by the 7 February 2021 ice-rock avalanche−debris flow in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand, India. The flow deposited 10.4 ± 1.6 Mm3 of sediment within the first 30 km and in places reset the channel floor to a zero-state condition, requiring complete fluvial re-establishment. In the 12 months post-event, 7.0 …
Green Growth And Competitiveness In Eu Climate Policy: Paradigm Shift Or 'Plus De La Même Chose'?, O Fitch-Roy, I Bailey
Green Growth And Competitiveness In Eu Climate Policy: Paradigm Shift Or 'Plus De La Même Chose'?, O Fitch-Roy, I Bailey
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Iron Isotope Signals: Use And Limitations In Natural Marine Sediments, Susann Henkel, Male Köster, Bo Liu, Michael Staubwasser, Anette Meixner, Simone Kasemann, Hayley Manners, Verena Heuer, Yuki Morono, Fumio Inagaki, Sabine Kasten
Iron Isotope Signals: Use And Limitations In Natural Marine Sediments, Susann Henkel, Male Köster, Bo Liu, Michael Staubwasser, Anette Meixner, Simone Kasemann, Hayley Manners, Verena Heuer, Yuki Morono, Fumio Inagaki, Sabine Kasten
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Phytoplankton Responses To Dust Addition In The Femn Co-Limited Eastern Pacific Sub-Antarctic Differ By Source Region, Neil J. Wyatt, Antony Birchill, Simon Ussher, Angela Milne, Heather A. Bouman, Elizabeth Shoenfelt Troein, Katsiaryna Pabortsava, Alan Wright, Oliver Flanagan, Thomas S. Bibby, Adrian Martin, Cm Moore
Phytoplankton Responses To Dust Addition In The Femn Co-Limited Eastern Pacific Sub-Antarctic Differ By Source Region, Neil J. Wyatt, Antony Birchill, Simon Ussher, Angela Milne, Heather A. Bouman, Elizabeth Shoenfelt Troein, Katsiaryna Pabortsava, Alan Wright, Oliver Flanagan, Thomas S. Bibby, Adrian Martin, Cm Moore
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The seasonal availability of light and micronutrients strongly regulates productivity in the Southern Ocean, restricting biological utilization of macronutrients and CO2 drawdown. Mineral dust flux is a key conduit for micronutrients to the Southern Ocean and a critical mediator of multimillennial-scale atmospheric CO2 oscillations. While the role of dust-borne iron (Fe) in Southern Ocean biogeochemistry has been examined in detail, manganese (Mn) availability is also emerging as a potential driver of past, present, and future Southern Ocean biogeochemistry. Here, we present results from fifteen bioassay experiments along a north–south transect in the undersampled eastern Pacific sub-Antarctic zone. In addition to …
Constraining The Contribution Of The Antarctic Ice Sheet To Last Interglacial Sea-Level, Robert L. Barnett, Jacqueline Austermann, Blake Dyer, Matt W. Telfer, Natasha L.M. Barlow, Sarah J. Boulton, Andrew S. Carr, Roger C. Creel
Constraining The Contribution Of The Antarctic Ice Sheet To Last Interglacial Sea-Level, Robert L. Barnett, Jacqueline Austermann, Blake Dyer, Matt W. Telfer, Natasha L.M. Barlow, Sarah J. Boulton, Andrew S. Carr, Roger C. Creel
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Polar temperatures during the Last Interglacial [LIG; ~129 to 116 thousand years (ka)] were warmer than today, making this time period an important testing ground to better understand how ice sheets respond to warming. However, it remains debated how much and when the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets changed during this period. Here, we present a combination of new and existing absolutely dated LIG sea-level observations from Britain, France, and Denmark. Because of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), the LIG Greenland ice melt contribution to sea-level change in this region is small, which allows us to constrain Antarctic ice change. We …
Peat Fires And The Unknown Risk Of Legacy Metal And Metalloid Pollution, Colin P.R. Mccarter, Gareth D. Clay, Sophie L. Wilkinson, Susan Page, Emma L. Shuttleworth, Scott J. Davidson, Muh Taufik, Gabriel Sigmund, James M. Waddington
Peat Fires And The Unknown Risk Of Legacy Metal And Metalloid Pollution, Colin P.R. Mccarter, Gareth D. Clay, Sophie L. Wilkinson, Susan Page, Emma L. Shuttleworth, Scott J. Davidson, Muh Taufik, Gabriel Sigmund, James M. Waddington
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Introduction. Peatlands have persisted for millennia, acting as globally-important sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide (Yu 2012) and regionally-important role sinks of pollutants, such as lead, arsenic, or mercury (toxic metals and metalloids, TMMs) (Bindler 2006). The role peatlands play in atmospheric carbon sequestration often overshadows their role in storing pollutants despite, for example, peat mercury accumulation rates increasing 60–130× relative to pre-industrial rates (Bindler 2006). Peatlands sustain their carbon and TMM sink persistence through a suite of ecohydrological feedbacks and plant traits (Souter and Watmough 2016, McCarter et al 2020). However, the interaction of climate change, land-use change and wildfire …
Uniquely Low Stable Iron Isotopic Signatures In Deep Marine Sediments Caused By Rayleigh Distillation, Male Köster, Michael Staubwasser, Anette Meixner, Simone A. Kasemann, Hayley R. Manners, Yuki Morono, Fumio Inagaki, Verena B. Heuer, Sabine Kasten, Susann Henkel
Uniquely Low Stable Iron Isotopic Signatures In Deep Marine Sediments Caused By Rayleigh Distillation, Male Köster, Michael Staubwasser, Anette Meixner, Simone A. Kasemann, Hayley R. Manners, Yuki Morono, Fumio Inagaki, Verena B. Heuer, Sabine Kasten, Susann Henkel
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) is suggested to be one of the earliest forms of microbial respiration. It plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of iron in modern and ancient sediments. Since microbial iron cycling is typically accompanied by iron isotope fractionation, stable iron isotopes are used as tracer for biological activity. Here we present iron isotope data for dissolved and sequentially extracted sedimentary iron pools from deep and hot subseafloor sediments retrieved in the Nankai Trough off Japan. Dissolved iron (Fe(II)aq) is isotopically light throughout the ferruginous sediment interval but some samples have exceptionally light isotope values. Such …
Estimation Of Eruption Source Parameters For The 2021 La Soufrière Eruption (St. Vincent): Implications For Quantification Of Eruption Magnitude On Volcanic Islands, Robert Constantinescu, J. T. White, C. Connor, P. Cole, K. Fontijn, J. Barclay, R. Robertson
Estimation Of Eruption Source Parameters For The 2021 La Soufrière Eruption (St. Vincent): Implications For Quantification Of Eruption Magnitude On Volcanic Islands, Robert Constantinescu, J. T. White, C. Connor, P. Cole, K. Fontijn, J. Barclay, R. Robertson
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Eruption source parameters (ESPs) used to characterize explosive eruptions are estimated from tephra deposit data using different models (statistical or numerical) and inversion approaches. The ESPs thus derived are subject to substantial uncertainties when the bulk of the tephra deposit, including information about its full spatial extent and spatial variation in grain size distribution is missing due to geographic and environmental conditions. We use an advection-diffusion model coupled with a Bayesian inversion and uncertainty quantification algorithm to investigate how ESPs can be robustly estimated given such conditions. The 2021 eruption of La Soufrière Volcano (St. Vincent and the Grenadines) is …
Thermally-Induced Clumped Isotope Resetting In Belemnite And Optical Calcites: Towards Material-Specific Kinetics, Nathan Looser, Paul Petschnig, Jordon D. Hemingway, Alvaro Fernandez, Grafulha L Morales, Alberto Perez-Huerta, Madeleine L. Vickers, Gregory D. Price, Max W. Schmidt, Stefano M. Bernasconi
Thermally-Induced Clumped Isotope Resetting In Belemnite And Optical Calcites: Towards Material-Specific Kinetics, Nathan Looser, Paul Petschnig, Jordon D. Hemingway, Alvaro Fernandez, Grafulha L Morales, Alberto Perez-Huerta, Madeleine L. Vickers, Gregory D. Price, Max W. Schmidt, Stefano M. Bernasconi
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The application of carbonate clumped isotope (Δ47) thermometry in deep-time is often limited by modification of the original temperature signal by thermal resetting. New modeling approaches to estimate the initial isotopic composition of partially reset calcites and maximal burial temperatures, however, open promising avenues in temperature reconstruction. Such approaches strongly depend on laboratory-derived kinetic parameters of calcite materials, which may differ in their microstructure, water content and distribution, and minor and trace element composition, and thus may have different resetting kinetics. The rostra of belemnites, an extinct group of mollusks with a wide temporal and spatial occurrence in the Mesozoic, …
Ocean Circulation And Biological Processes Drive Seasonal Variations Of Dissolved Al, Cd, Ni, Cu, And Zn On The Northeast Atlantic Continental Margin, Xue Gang Chen, Dagmara Rusiecka, Martha Gledhill, Angela Milne, Amber L. Annett, Antony J. Birchill, Maeve C. Lohan, Simon Ussher, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Eric P. Achterberg
Ocean Circulation And Biological Processes Drive Seasonal Variations Of Dissolved Al, Cd, Ni, Cu, And Zn On The Northeast Atlantic Continental Margin, Xue Gang Chen, Dagmara Rusiecka, Martha Gledhill, Angela Milne, Amber L. Annett, Antony J. Birchill, Maeve C. Lohan, Simon Ussher, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Eric P. Achterberg
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Nutrients and nutrient-like dissolved trace metals (dTMs) are essential for the functioning of marine organisms and therefore form an important part of ocean biogeochemical cycles. Here, we report on the seasonal distributions of dissolved zinc (dZn), nickel (dNi), copper (dCu), cadmium (dCd), aluminum (dAl), and nutrients on the Northeast Atlantic continental margin (Celtic Sea), which is representative for temperate shelf seas globally. Variations in surface water dTM and nutrient concentrations were mainly regulated by seasonal changes in biological processes. The stoichiometry of dTMs (especially for dCu and dZn) and nutrients on the continental shelf was additionally affected by fluvial inputs. …
Distributed Stress Fluidisation: Insights Into The Propagation Mechanisms Of The Abona Volcanic Debris Avalanche (Tenerife) Through A Novel Method For Indurated Deposit Sedimentological Analysis, Symeon Makris, Matteo Roverato, Pablo Dávila-Harris, Paul Cole, Irene Manzella
Distributed Stress Fluidisation: Insights Into The Propagation Mechanisms Of The Abona Volcanic Debris Avalanche (Tenerife) Through A Novel Method For Indurated Deposit Sedimentological Analysis, Symeon Makris, Matteo Roverato, Pablo Dávila-Harris, Paul Cole, Irene Manzella
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Introduction: Volcanic debris avalanches mobilise large volumes and achieve long runouts with high destructive potential. However, the propagation processes that generate them are not currently explained by theoretical or numerical models, which are unable to represent deposit observations. Evaluation of the dynamics represented in deposits is therefore vital for constraining su ch models. The Abona volcanic debris avalanche deposit is located on the southern flank of the island of Tenerife, Spain. The deposit exhibits universal microfracturing and cataclasis. Fluidal features such as fluidal mixing of lithological units and diffuse boundaries, and mixed matrix are observed throughout the deposit. Methods: Field …
Meltwater Layer Dynamics In A Central Arctic Lead: Effects Of Lead Width, Re-Freezing, And Mixing During Late Summer, Daiki Nomura, Yusuke Kawaguchi, Alison L. Webb, Yuhong Li, Manuel Dall'osto, Katrin Schmidt, Elise S. Droste, Emelia J. Chamberlain, Nikolai Kolabutin, Egor Shimanchuk, Mario Hoppmann, Michael R. Gallagher, Hanno Meyer, Moein Mellat, Dorothea Bauch, Carolina Gabarró, Madison M. Smith, Jun Inoue, Ellen Damm, Bruno Delille
Meltwater Layer Dynamics In A Central Arctic Lead: Effects Of Lead Width, Re-Freezing, And Mixing During Late Summer, Daiki Nomura, Yusuke Kawaguchi, Alison L. Webb, Yuhong Li, Manuel Dall'osto, Katrin Schmidt, Elise S. Droste, Emelia J. Chamberlain, Nikolai Kolabutin, Egor Shimanchuk, Mario Hoppmann, Michael R. Gallagher, Hanno Meyer, Moein Mellat, Dorothea Bauch, Carolina Gabarró, Madison M. Smith, Jun Inoue, Ellen Damm, Bruno Delille
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Leads play an important role in the exchange of heat, gases, vapour, and particles between seawater and the atmosphere in ice-covered polar oceans. In summer, these processes can be modified significantly by the formation of a meltwater layer at the surface, yet we know little about the dynamics of meltwater layer formation and persistence. During the drift campaign of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), we examined how variation in lead width, re-freezing, and mixing events affected the vertical structure of lead waters during late summer in the central Arctic. At the beginning of the …
Assessment Of Urban Physical Features On Summer Thermal Perceptions Using The Local Climate Zone Classification, Cho Kwong Charlie Lam, Salman Shooshtarian, Inji Kenawy
Assessment Of Urban Physical Features On Summer Thermal Perceptions Using The Local Climate Zone Classification, Cho Kwong Charlie Lam, Salman Shooshtarian, Inji Kenawy
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Urbanisation has changed local meteorological conditions worldwide. The physical features of outdoor spaces are critical in determining outdoor thermal comfort through changes in meteorological parameters. Past studies comparing subjective thermal perception between local climate zones (LCZ) were mainly conducted in humid subtropical regions. This study aims to investigate this relationship using outdoor thermal comfort survey data collected in three research projects in Melbourne, Australia (temperate oceanic climate) (n = 4717). The physical features investigated included the sky view factor (SVF) and LCZ classification. During Melbourne's summer, people preferred a higher PET value than neutral PET across all LCZs. People in …
Isolated Pdo Sites On Sio2-Supported Nio Nanoparticles As Active Sites For Allylic Alcohol Selective Oxidation., Aleksandra Ziarko, Thomas J.A. Slater, Mark A. Isaacs, Lee J. Durndell, Christopher M.A. Parlett
Isolated Pdo Sites On Sio2-Supported Nio Nanoparticles As Active Sites For Allylic Alcohol Selective Oxidation., Aleksandra Ziarko, Thomas J.A. Slater, Mark A. Isaacs, Lee J. Durndell, Christopher M.A. Parlett
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Catalytic allylic alcohol oxidation to aldehydes is an industrial process that necessitates chemoselectivity. Surface PdO (on Pd) enables this transformation but does not represent optimal metal utilisation. Here we report a facile synthesis route to produce isolated surface PdO catalytic sites on an earth-abundant metal (NiO) for cinnamyl alcohol oxidation.
Ultra-Trace Analysis Of Fallout Plutonium Isotopes In Soil: Emerging Trends And Future Perspectives, Sophia M. Dowell, Olivier S. Humphrey, William H. Blake, Odipo Osano, Simon Chenery, Michael J. Watts
Ultra-Trace Analysis Of Fallout Plutonium Isotopes In Soil: Emerging Trends And Future Perspectives, Sophia M. Dowell, Olivier S. Humphrey, William H. Blake, Odipo Osano, Simon Chenery, Michael J. Watts
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The measurement of isotopic abundances and ratio variations of plutonium can provide important information about the sources and behaviours of radiogenic isotopes in the environment. The detection of ultra-trace isotopes of plutonium is increasing interest in the scientific literature for the determination of soil erosion rates due to their long retention times in the environment. The characteristics of plutonium within the environment make it an ideal tracer for the determination of soil redistribution rates and its robustness presents the opportunity to replace more commonly used radioisotopes such as 137Cesium and 210Lead. However, ultra-trace analysis of plutonium (fg g−1) presents analytical …