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Articles 1321 - 1350 of 1481
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Determinants Of Livelihood Choices: An Empirical Analysis From Rural Bangladesh, S Rahman, S Akter
Determinants Of Livelihood Choices: An Empirical Analysis From Rural Bangladesh, S Rahman, S Akter
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The study identifies socio-economic determinants of livelihood choices of rural households in Bangladesh (4,195 households from 139 villages) by applying a multinomial logit model of occupational choice and a multivariate Tobit model that allows for jointness in decision making. Results reveal that households choose multiple livelihood options. A number of socio-economic factors and resources at the household level as well as the state of rural infrastructure significantly determine households’ livelihood choice. Overall, resource-rich and educated households engage in diversified livelihoods and rural infrastructure promotes such diversification. Female-headed households fail to participate in any of the livelihood categories and consequently earn …
Climate Change Response At The Farm Level: A Review Of Farmers’ Awareness And Adaptation Strategies In Developing Countries, Nichola Harmer, Sanzidur Rahman
Climate Change Response At The Farm Level: A Review Of Farmers’ Awareness And Adaptation Strategies In Developing Countries, Nichola Harmer, Sanzidur Rahman
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
This paper provides an overview of farmers’ awareness and a typology of adaptation strategies undertaken in order to combat climate change at the farm-level in developing countries. The review suggests that the extent to which farmers are aware of climate change is uneven, and the link between perception and action is often unclear. Farmers adopt a range of strategies from financial responses, to agricultural changes, to religious and cultural strategies, to the use of local and wider support networks. However, whether these actions are adaptation or coping strategies is debatable. Response to climate change has both spatial and temporal dimensions; …
Determination Of Dissolved Iron In Seawater: A Historical Review, Paul J. Worsfold, Maeve C. Lohan, Simon J. Ussher, Andrew R. Bowie
Determination Of Dissolved Iron In Seawater: A Historical Review, Paul J. Worsfold, Maeve C. Lohan, Simon J. Ussher, Andrew R. Bowie
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
This paper overviews the evolution of suitable analytical approaches for the determination of dissolved iron in seawater. The focus is on sampling and sample treatment, detection methods and quality assurance of the data. Iron is a vital trace element for the growth of marine organisms and is the limiting micronutrient for primary production in many parts of the world's oceans. The concentration of dissolved iron in seawater therefore influences the past and present day global carbon cycle and consequently Earth's climate. Hence it is important to understand the marine biogeochemistry of iron and quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of …
Marketing Efficiency Of Cassava Products In Delta State, Nigeria: A Stochastic Profit Frontier Approach, S Rahman, Bo Awerije
Marketing Efficiency Of Cassava Products In Delta State, Nigeria: A Stochastic Profit Frontier Approach, S Rahman, Bo Awerije
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The present study estimates the level of marketing margin and marketing efficiency of cassava products (i.e., root tuber, gari, fufu, tapioca, starch, and flour) of 105 marketers from three regions of Delta State, Nigeria using a stochastic profit frontier approach. Results reveal that a rise in purchase price of cassava products as well as unit marketing cost significantly reduce marketing margin. A rise in sale price of cassava products increase marketing margin as expected. Marketing experience significantly improves marketing margin as expected. The mean level of marketing efficiency is very low estimated at 55% implying that marketing margin can be …
Metal Contamination Of Sediment By Paint Peeling From Abandoned Boats, With Particular Reference To Lead., Aldous B. Rees, Andrew Turner, Sean Comber
Metal Contamination Of Sediment By Paint Peeling From Abandoned Boats, With Particular Reference To Lead., Aldous B. Rees, Andrew Turner, Sean Comber
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Fragments of flaking paint have been sampled from eighteen boats (including sailing barges, houseboats, a trawler and a ferry) abandoned on the intertidal mudflats of two estuaries in eastern England and analysed for Cu, Pb and Zn by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. Median concentrations of Pb on each boat ranged from about 350 to 35,000 μg g(-1), with individual concentrations exceeding 200,000 μg g(-1) in several cases. Median concentrations of Cu and Zn ranged from about 50 to 1900 μg g(-1) and 50 to 10,000 μg g(-1), respectively, with respective maxima of 172,000 μg g(-1) and 239,000 μg g(-1). Because …
Platinum-Based Anticancer Drugs In Waste Waters Of A Major Uk Hospital And Predicted Concentrations In Recipient Surface Waters., Nitin Vyas, Andrew Turner, Graham Sewell
Platinum-Based Anticancer Drugs In Waste Waters Of A Major Uk Hospital And Predicted Concentrations In Recipient Surface Waters., Nitin Vyas, Andrew Turner, Graham Sewell
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Concentrations of the cytotoxic platinum-based anticancer drugs, as total Pt, have been measured over a three week period in one of the main drains and in the effluent of the oncology ward of a major UK hospital (Derriford, Plymouth). Concentrations of Pt were highly variable in both discharges, and ranged from about 0.02 to 140 μg L(-1) in the oncology effluent and from about 0.03 to 100 μg L(-1) in the main drain. A comparison of drug administration figures over the study period with an estimate of the quantity of Pt discharged through the drains suggests that about 22% of …
Ecological Succession Of A Jurassic Shallow-Water Ichthyosaur Fall, S Danise, Rj Twitchett, K Matts
Ecological Succession Of A Jurassic Shallow-Water Ichthyosaur Fall, S Danise, Rj Twitchett, K Matts
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
After the discovery of whale fall communities in modern oceans, it has been hypothesized that during the Mesozoic the carcasses of marine reptiles created similar habitats supporting long-lived and specialized animal communities. Here, we report a fully documented ichthyosaur fall community, from a Late Jurassic shelf setting, and reconstruct the ecological succession of its micro- and macrofauna. The early 'mobile-scavenger' and 'enrichment-opportunist' stages were not succeeded by a 'sulphophilic stage' characterized by chemosynthetic molluscs, but instead the bones were colonized by microbial mats that attracted echinoids and other mat-grazing invertebrates. Abundant cemented suspension feeders indicate a well-developed 'reef stage' with …
Bacterio-Plankton Transformation Of Diazepam And 2-Amino-5-Chlorobenzophenone In River Waters., Alan D. Tappin, J. Paul Loughnane, Alan J. Mccarthy, Mark F. Fitzsimons
Bacterio-Plankton Transformation Of Diazepam And 2-Amino-5-Chlorobenzophenone In River Waters., Alan D. Tappin, J. Paul Loughnane, Alan J. Mccarthy, Mark F. Fitzsimons
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Benzodiazepines are a large class of commonly-prescribed drugs used to treat a variety of clinical disorders. They have been shown to produce ecological effects at environmental concentrations, making understanding their fate in aquatic environments very important. In this study, uptake and biotransformations by riverine bacterio-plankton of the benzodiazepine, diazepam, and 2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone, ACB (a photo-degradation product of diazepam and several other benzodiazepines), were investigated using batch microcosm incubations. These were conducted using water and bacterio-plankton populations from contrasting river catchments (Tamar and Mersey, UK), both in the presence and absence of a peptide, added as an alternative organic substrate. Incubations lasted …
Transient Fluvial Incision As An Indicator Of Active Faulting And Plio-Quaternary Uplift Of The Moroccan High Atlas, S. J. Boulton, M. Stokes, A. E. Mather
Transient Fluvial Incision As An Indicator Of Active Faulting And Plio-Quaternary Uplift Of The Moroccan High Atlas, S. J. Boulton, M. Stokes, A. E. Mather
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Profitability And Efficiency Of Cassava Production At The Farm-Level In Delta State, Nigeria, Bo Awerije, S Rahman
Profitability And Efficiency Of Cassava Production At The Farm-Level In Delta State, Nigeria, Bo Awerije, S Rahman
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The present study examines profitability, technical, cost and allocative efficiencies of cassava production by applying Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) of 315 farmers from three regions of Delta State, Nigeria. Results revealed that cassava production was profitable (overall profit margin 1.93), with significant differences across regions as well as farm size categories. Mean levels of technical, cost and allocative efficiencies are low estimated at 40%, 29% and 73% respectively, also with significant differences across regions as well as farm size categories. The implication is that cassava production can be increased substantially by reallocation of resources to optimal levels, given input and …
Tracing The Impact Of Market Reform On Productivity Growth Of Rice At The Farm Level In Bangladesh, Mj Alam, Ia Begum, S Rahman, J Buysse, Gv Huylenbroeck
Tracing The Impact Of Market Reform On Productivity Growth Of Rice At The Farm Level In Bangladesh, Mj Alam, Ia Begum, S Rahman, J Buysse, Gv Huylenbroeck
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The paper measures the total factor productivity (TFP), technical change (TC) and technical efficiency change (TEC) in rice production, and traces the impact of market reform policies of the 1990s on these indices at the farm level in Bangladesh using a unique cohort of three-period panel data (1987, 2000 and 2004) of 73 farms by applying stochastic production frontier approach. Results reveal that the TFP index has increased by 27% largely due to an upward shift of the technology frontier. Although TC has increased by an impressive 57%, TEC declined by 30.1% during the post-reform period, thereby depressing overall TFP …
Identifying The Provenance Of Leach's Storm Petrels In The North Atlantic Using Polychlorinated Biphenyl Signatures Derived From Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography With Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry., David Megson, Thomas A. Brown, Glenn W. Johnson, Gwen O'Sullivan, Anthony W.J. Bicknell, Stephen C. Votier, Maeve C. Lohan, Sean Comber, Robert Kalin, Paul J. Worsfold
Identifying The Provenance Of Leach's Storm Petrels In The North Atlantic Using Polychlorinated Biphenyl Signatures Derived From Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography With Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry., David Megson, Thomas A. Brown, Glenn W. Johnson, Gwen O'Sullivan, Anthony W.J. Bicknell, Stephen C. Votier, Maeve C. Lohan, Sean Comber, Robert Kalin, Paul J. Worsfold
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
PCB signatures can be used for source identification, exposure studies, age dating and bio-monitoring. This study uses comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-ToFMS) to produce a PCB signature comprised of over 80 PCBs for individual Leach's storm petrels (Oceanodroma leucorhoa). The Leach's storm petrel is a relatively small, elusive, understudied pelagic bird, which only returns to remote islands under darkness during the breeding season. Samples were obtained from 25 Leach's storm petrels found dead in Canada and the UK following storm events in 2006 and 2009. Tissue samples were extracted and analysed by GCxGC-ToFMS and results showed …
An Early Cambrian Agglutinated Tubular Lophophorate With Brachiopod Characters., Z-F Zhang, G. X. Li, L. E. Holmer, G. A. Brock, U. Balthasar, C. B. Skovsted, D. J. Fu, X-L Zhang, H. Z. Wang, A. Butler, Z-L Zhang, C. Q. Cao, J. Han, J. N. Liu, D. G. Shu
An Early Cambrian Agglutinated Tubular Lophophorate With Brachiopod Characters., Z-F Zhang, G. X. Li, L. E. Holmer, G. A. Brock, U. Balthasar, C. B. Skovsted, D. J. Fu, X-L Zhang, H. Z. Wang, A. Butler, Z-L Zhang, C. Q. Cao, J. Han, J. N. Liu, D. G. Shu
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The morphological disparity of lophotrochozoan phyla makes it difficult to predict the morphology of the last common ancestor. Only fossils of stem groups can help discover the morphological transitions that occurred along the roots of these phyla. Here, we describe a tubular fossil Yuganotheca elegans gen. et sp. nov. from the Cambrian (Stage 3) Chengjiang Lagerstätte (Yunnan, China) that exhibits an unusual combination of phoronid, brachiopod and tommotiid (Cambrian problematica) characters, notably a pair of agglutinated valves, enclosing a horseshoe-shaped lophophore, supported by a lower bipartite tubular attachment structure with a long pedicle with coelomic space. The terminal bulb of …
Can Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometric Identification Of Bicyclic Aromatic Acids In Petroleum Fractions Help To Reveal Further Details Of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Biotransformation Pathways?, Charles E. West, Jos Pureveen, Alan G. Scarlett, Sabine K. Lengger, Michael J. Wilde, Frans Korndorffer, Erik W. Tegelaar, Steven J. Rowland
Can Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometric Identification Of Bicyclic Aromatic Acids In Petroleum Fractions Help To Reveal Further Details Of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Biotransformation Pathways?, Charles E. West, Jos Pureveen, Alan G. Scarlett, Sabine K. Lengger, Michael J. Wilde, Frans Korndorffer, Erik W. Tegelaar, Steven J. Rowland
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
RATIONALE: The identification of key acid metabolites ('signature' metabolites) has allowed significant improvements to be made in our understanding of the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, in reservoir and in contaminated natural systems, such as aquifers and seawater. On this basis, anaerobic oxidation is now more widely accepted as one viable mechanism, for instance. However, identification of metabolites in the complex acid mixtures from petroleum degradation is challenging and would benefit from use of more highly resolving analytical methods. METHODS: Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC/TOFMS) with both nominal mass and accurate mass measurement was used to study the complex …
A Record Of Fossil Shallow-Water Whale Falls From Italy, S Danise, S Dominici
A Record Of Fossil Shallow-Water Whale Falls From Italy, S Danise, S Dominici
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Twenty-five Neogene-Quaternary whales hosted in Italian museum collections and their associated fauna were analysed for evidence of whale-fall community development in shallow-water settings. The degree of bone articulation, completeness of the skeleton and lithology of the embedding sediments were used to gather information on relative water depth, water energy, sedimentation rate and overall environmental predictability around the bones. Shark teeth and hard-shelled invertebrates with a necrophagous diet in close association with the bones were used as evidence of scavenging. Fossil bone bioerosion, microbially mediated cementation and other mollusc shells in the proximity of the remains informed on past biological activity …
Energy Productivity And Efficiency Of Wheat Farming In Bangladesh, S Rahman, Mk Hasan
Energy Productivity And Efficiency Of Wheat Farming In Bangladesh, S Rahman, Mk Hasan
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Wheat is the second most important cereal crop in Bangladesh and production is highly sensitive to variations in the environment. We estimate productivity and energy efficiency of wheat farming in Bangladesh by applying a stochastic production frontier approach while accounting for the environmental constraints affecting production. Wheat farming is energy efficient with a net energy balance of 20,596MJ per ha and energy ratio of 2.34. Environmental constraints such as a combination of unsuitable land, weed and pest attack, bad weather, planting delay and infertile soils significantly reduce wheat production and its energy efficiency. Environmental constraints account for a mean energy …
Seismic Anisotropy Of The Archean Crust In The Minnesota River Valley, Superior Province, Ec Ferré, A Gébelin, Ja Conder, Et Al
Seismic Anisotropy Of The Archean Crust In The Minnesota River Valley, Superior Province, Ec Ferré, A Gébelin, Ja Conder, Et Al
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The Minnesota River Valley (MRV) subprovince is a well-exposed example of late Archean lithosphere. Its high-grade gneisses display a subhorizontal layering, most likely extending down to the crust-mantle boundary. The strong linear fabric of the gneisses results from high-temperature plastic flow during collage-related contraction. Seismic anisotropies measured up to 1 GPa in the laboratory, and seismic anisotropies calculated through forward-modeling indicate ΔVP ~5–6% and ΔVS ~3%. The MRV crust exhibits a strong macroscopic layering and foliation, and relatively strong seismic anisotropies at the hand specimen scale. Yet the horizontal attitude of these structures precludes any substantial contribution of the MRV …
Exploring The Potential And Performance Of Maize Production In Bangladesh, S Rahman, Ms Rahman
Exploring The Potential And Performance Of Maize Production In Bangladesh, S Rahman, Ms Rahman
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Maize is gaining importance in recent years as a promising crop aimed at boosting agricultural growth in Bangladesh. The present study explores the potential of maize expansion by examining its profitability and economic efficiency using a survey data of 300 farmers from three regions. Maize ranks first in terms of yield (7.98 t/ha) and return (BCR=1.63) as compared with rice and wheat. The economic efficiency of maize production is also estimated at a high 87%, although a substantial 15% [(100-87)/87)] cost reduction is still possible while maintaining current output level by eliminating technical and allocative inefficiency. Education positively contributes towards …
Extra- And Intra-Cellular Accumulation Of Platinum Group Elements By The Marine Microalga, Chlorella Stigmatophora., Leyla Shams, Andrew Turner, Geoffrey E. Millward, Murray T. Brown
Extra- And Intra-Cellular Accumulation Of Platinum Group Elements By The Marine Microalga, Chlorella Stigmatophora., Leyla Shams, Andrew Turner, Geoffrey E. Millward, Murray T. Brown
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
To better understand the marine biogeochemistry of the platinum group elements (PGE), Rh(III), Pd(II) and Pt(IV) were added in combination and at ppb concentrations to cultures of the marine microalga, Chlorella stigmatophora, maintained in sea water at 15 °C and under 60 μmol m(-2) s(-1) PAR. The accumulation of PGE was established in short-term (24-h) exposures, and under varying conditions of algal biomass and PGE concentration, and in a longer-term exposure (156-h) by ICP-MS analysis of sea water and nitric acid digests and EDTA washes of the alga. In short-term exposures, and under all conditions, the extent of accumulation by …
Traces Of Ancient Mafic Layers In The Tethys Oceanic Mantle, Ds Sergeev, Ah Dijkstra, T Meisel, G Brügmann, Sa Sergeev
Traces Of Ancient Mafic Layers In The Tethys Oceanic Mantle, Ds Sergeev, Ah Dijkstra, T Meisel, G Brügmann, Sa Sergeev
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Oceanic basalts are formed by melting of a chemically and isotopically heterogeneous mantle source. The oceanic mantle probably resembles a marble cake containing layers of mafic rock - perhaps recycled ocean crust - stored in the mantle for >1 billion years. Many questions about the nature and distribution of these mantle heterogeneities remain. Here we show that lithological and isotopic traces of ancient mafic layers can still be seen in mantle rocks that have melted to form oceanic crust at a spreading centre in the Tethys Ocean. We have found centimetre-scale heterogeneity in initial osmium isotope ratios in mantle rocks …
Magnetic Properties Of Variably Serpentinized Peridotites And Their Implication For The Evolution Of Oceanic Core Complexes, M Maffione, A Morris, O Plumper, Hinsbergen D Van
Magnetic Properties Of Variably Serpentinized Peridotites And Their Implication For The Evolution Of Oceanic Core Complexes, M Maffione, A Morris, O Plumper, Hinsbergen D Van
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Driving Factors For Occupant-Controlled Space Heating In Residential Buildings, S Wei, R Jones, P De Wilde
Driving Factors For Occupant-Controlled Space Heating In Residential Buildings, S Wei, R Jones, P De Wilde
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Occupant behaviour has a large impact on the energy consumption of buildings, and therefore a better understanding can assist in many building-related applications, such as facility management, building performance simulation and occupant guidance. As occupant space-heating operation has a significant influence on the energy consumption of residential buildings in winter, an investigation of drivers for this behaviour was undertaken and the result is expressed in this paper. From the analysis, 27 drivers have been evaluated in previous behavioural studies and at present none of them can be identified confidently as having no influence. Following the identification of these key drivers, …
Lack Of 13c-Label Incorporation Suggests Low Turnover Rates Of Thaumarchaeal Intact Polar Tetraether Lipids In Sediments From The Iceland Shelf, Sk Lengger, Ya Lipsewers, H De Haas, Js Sinninghe Damsté, S Schouten
Lack Of 13c-Label Incorporation Suggests Low Turnover Rates Of Thaumarchaeal Intact Polar Tetraether Lipids In Sediments From The Iceland Shelf, Sk Lengger, Ya Lipsewers, H De Haas, Js Sinninghe Damsté, S Schouten
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Abstract. Thaumarchaeota are amongst the most abundant microorganisms in aquatic environments, however, their metabolism in marine sediments is still debated. Labeling studies in marine sediments have previously been undertaken, but focused on complex organic carbon substrates which Thaumarchaeota have not yet been shown to take up. In this study, we investigated the activity of Thaumarchaeota in sediments by supplying different 13C-labeled substrates which have previously been shown to be incorporated into archaeal cells in water incubations and/or enrichment cultures. We determined the incorporation of 13C-label from bicarbonate, pyruvate, glucose and amino acids into thaumarchaeal intact polar lipid-glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers …
Primitive Layered Gabbros From Fast-Spreading Lower Oceanic Crust, Km Gillis, Je Snow, A Klaus, N Abe, Ab Adriao, N Akizawa, G Ceuleneer, Mj Cheadle, K Faak, Tj Falloon, Sa Friedman, M Godard, G Guerin, Y Harigane, Aj Horst, T Hoshide, B Ildefonse, Mm Jean, Be John, J Koepke, S Machi, J Maeda, Ne Marks, Am Mccaig, R Meyer, A Morris, T Nozaka, M Python, A Saha, Rp Wintsch
Primitive Layered Gabbros From Fast-Spreading Lower Oceanic Crust, Km Gillis, Je Snow, A Klaus, N Abe, Ab Adriao, N Akizawa, G Ceuleneer, Mj Cheadle, K Faak, Tj Falloon, Sa Friedman, M Godard, G Guerin, Y Harigane, Aj Horst, T Hoshide, B Ildefonse, Mm Jean, Be John, J Koepke, S Machi, J Maeda, Ne Marks, Am Mccaig, R Meyer, A Morris, T Nozaka, M Python, A Saha, Rp Wintsch
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
A White Nile Megalake During The Last Interglacial Period, Tt Barrows, Maj Williams, Sc Mills, Gat Duller, Et Al
A White Nile Megalake During The Last Interglacial Period, Tt Barrows, Maj Williams, Sc Mills, Gat Duller, Et Al
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The eastern Sahara Desert of Africa is one of the most climatically sensitive areas on Earth, varying from lake-studded savannah woodland to hyperarid desert over the course of a glacial-interglacial cycle. In currently semiarid Sudan there is widespread evidence that a very large freshwater lake once filled the White Nile River valley. Here we present the first quantitative estimate for the dimensions of the lake and a direct age for the emplacement of its shoreline. Using a profile dating approach with the cosmogenic nuclide 10Be, we estimate an exposure age of 109 ± 8 ka for this megalake, indicating that …
Molluscs From A Shallow-Water Whale-Fall And Their Affinities With Adjacent Benthic Communities On The Swedish West Coast, S Danise, S Dominici, Ag Glover, Tg Dahlgren
Molluscs From A Shallow-Water Whale-Fall And Their Affinities With Adjacent Benthic Communities On The Swedish West Coast, S Danise, S Dominici, Ag Glover, Tg Dahlgren
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
We conducted a species-level study of molluscs associated with a 5-m long carcass of a minke whale at a depth of 125 m in the Kosterfjord (North Sea, Sweden). The whale-fall community was quantitatively compared with the community commonly living in the surrounding soft-bottom sediments. Five years after the deployment of the dead whale at the sea floor, the sediments around the carcass were dominated by the bivalve Thyasira sarsi, which is known to contain endosymbiotic sulphur-oxidizing bacteria, while background sediments were dominated by another thyasirid, T. equalis, less dependent on chemosynthesis for its nutrition. The Kosterfjord samples were further …
Impact Of Rural Infrastructure On Farm And Non-Farm Enterprise Choice And Income In Bangladesh, S Rahman
Impact Of Rural Infrastructure On Farm And Non-Farm Enterprise Choice And Income In Bangladesh, S Rahman
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Impact of rural infrastructure on economic development is indirect and complex. The present study jointly determines the impact of rural infrastructure on the decision to choose between farm and non-farm enterprises vis-à-vis income by Bangladeshi rural households (4,195 households from 139 villages) using a bivariate Tobit model. The model diagnostic reveals that the decision to choose enterprises is significantly correlated, justifying use of a bivariate approach. Rural infrastructure has a significant but opposite impact on enterprise choices vis-àvis income. Other major determinants with varying level of influences are farm size, livestock resources, education, farming experience and household assets. However, female-headed …
Occupational Exposure To Anti-Cancer Drugs: A Review Of Effects Of New Technology., Nitin Vyas, Dennis Yiannakis, Andrew Turner, Graham J. Sewell
Occupational Exposure To Anti-Cancer Drugs: A Review Of Effects Of New Technology., Nitin Vyas, Dennis Yiannakis, Andrew Turner, Graham J. Sewell
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Because anti-cancer drugs are non-selective, they affect both cancerous and non-cancerous cells. Being carcinogenic and mutagenic, many anticancer drugs therefore present a major health risk to healthcare staff working with them. This paper reviews the means by which exposure to anti-cancer drugs in the workplace may be monitored, assessed and reduced. Both biological monitoring, using non-selective methods or compound-selective methods, and environmental monitoring have provided information on the nature and degree of exposure in the workplace. Pharmaceutical isolators, used for the compounding of cytotoxic IV infusions and the preparation of injectable drugs, provide a physical barrier between pharmacists and cytotoxic …
The Importance Of Sub-Peat Carbon Storage As Shown By Data From Dartmoor, Uk, R. M. Fyfe, R. Coombe, H. Davies, L. Parry
The Importance Of Sub-Peat Carbon Storage As Shown By Data From Dartmoor, Uk, R. M. Fyfe, R. Coombe, H. Davies, L. Parry
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Community Resilience, Transitional Corridors And Macro-Scalar Lock-In Effects, Ga Wilson
Community Resilience, Transitional Corridors And Macro-Scalar Lock-In Effects, Ga Wilson
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.