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Cesarean Sections. Associated Factors And Frequency At King Abdulaziz Medical City In The Central Region Of The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia, Anwar E. Ahmed, Rouzait S. Mohammad
Cesarean Sections. Associated Factors And Frequency At King Abdulaziz Medical City In The Central Region Of The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia, Anwar E. Ahmed, Rouzait S. Mohammad
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives: To study the associated factors for cesarean section (C-section) in a sample of pregnant women and to estimate its frequency at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KAMC-R). Methods: We studied 364 pregnant women who attended the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic at KAMC-R between March and June 2017. Results: Our 3-month study had higher rates of C-sections: women with older maternal age; (adjusted risk ratio [aRR]=1.08, p =0.001), lack of education (aRR=1.39, p =0.022), no personal history of vaginal delivery (aRR=1.85, p =0.001), undergoing C-section due to medical indications (aRR=2.28, p =0.001), and willing to …
Auragain™ And I-Gel® Laryngeal Masks In General Anesthesia For Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Performance Characteristics And Effects On Hemodynamics, Ulku Sabuncu, Hatice S. Kusderci, Mesut Oterkus, Ruslan Abdullayev, Asli Demir, Oznur Uludag, Sabri Ozdas, Mustafa Goksu
Auragain™ And I-Gel® Laryngeal Masks In General Anesthesia For Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Performance Characteristics And Effects On Hemodynamics, Ulku Sabuncu, Hatice S. Kusderci, Mesut Oterkus, Ruslan Abdullayev, Asli Demir, Oznur Uludag, Sabri Ozdas, Mustafa Goksu
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives: To evaluate and compare the performances of new types of supraglottic airway devices (SADs) with endotracheal intubation regarding their ease of insertions, perioperative complications, and effects on hemodynamic parameters and peak airway pressures in laparascopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods: One hundred and fourteen patients with ASA 1-2 physical status scheduled for elective LC were recruited for this prospective randomized controlled trial. The study was completed between January 2016 and January 2017 in Adiyaman University Research and Educational Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey. The patients were divided into AuraGain ™ (Ambu, Ballerup, Denmark) (n=38), i-Gel® (Intersurgical Ltd, UK) (n=35), and endotracheal tube (ETT) …
Venous Thromboembolism After Total Knee And Hip Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Study, Mosaad O. Almegren, Alhanouf A. Alhedaithy, Amal S. Alomri, Nouf F. Albawardy, Rawan S. Mesmar
Venous Thromboembolism After Total Knee And Hip Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Study, Mosaad O. Almegren, Alhanouf A. Alhedaithy, Amal S. Alomri, Nouf F. Albawardy, Rawan S. Mesmar
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of Venous thromboembolism (VTE) among total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients following surgery. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of electronic medical records of consecutive patients between January 2010 and January 2015 who underwent TKA or THA at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results: The incidence of symptomatic VTE was 1.9% (17 events, 95% CI: 1.1–2.8) in 756 patients who underwent 889 surgeries. All VTE cases developed before hospital discharge. Twelve (1.4%) patients developed pulmonary embolism, and 5 (0.6%) patients developed deep vein thrombosis. The …
Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Among Pregnant Women In Saudi Arabia, Reham M. Khresheh, Nagwa M. Ahmed
Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Among Pregnant Women In Saudi Arabia, Reham M. Khresheh, Nagwa M. Ahmed
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives: To examine the association between prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy among Saudi pregnant women and type of feeding at 4 weeks post partum, and also to examine the association of maternal socio-demographic variables with the breastfeeding self-efficacy levels of Saudi pregnant women. Methods: A cross-sectional design has been applied in the study by recruiting 101 pregnant women from the General Hospital, Umluj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy scale was used to measure self-efficacy for breastfeeding during pregnancy. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient were used for statistical purposes. A p -value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: The average …
Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices Of Emergency Department Staff Towards Disaster And Emergency Preparedness At Tertiary Health Care Hospital In Central Saudi Arabia, Abdullah Nofal, Isamme Alfayyad, Anas Khan, Zohair Al Aseri, Amani Abu-Shaheen
Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices Of Emergency Department Staff Towards Disaster And Emergency Preparedness At Tertiary Health Care Hospital In Central Saudi Arabia, Abdullah Nofal, Isamme Alfayyad, Anas Khan, Zohair Al Aseri, Amani Abu-Shaheen
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives: To assess the knowledge, practices, and attitudes regarding disaster and emergency preparedness among Emergency Department (ED) staff. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Tertiary health care hospital in central Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A self-administered survey was utilized to collect data from ED physicians and nurses. The questionnaire was divided into 5 sections viz; demographics, knowledge about disaster management and preparedness, attitudes about disaster planning, current role and practices, and familiarity towards emergency. Results: A 189 participants have completed the questionnaire. Two-third of the participants were below 30 years, and more than 85% were female. One hundred …
Doctors’ Knowledge Of The Doses And Risks Of Radiological Investigations Performed In The Emergency Department, Rashid A. Barnawi, Weaam M. Alrefai, Faris Qari, Ahmed A. Aljefri, Sarah K. Hagi, Mawya Khafaji
Doctors’ Knowledge Of The Doses And Risks Of Radiological Investigations Performed In The Emergency Department, Rashid A. Barnawi, Weaam M. Alrefai, Faris Qari, Ahmed A. Aljefri, Sarah K. Hagi, Mawya Khafaji
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives: To assess emergency doctors’ knowledge of radiation exposure doses and risks, as the increasing use of radiological investigations in emergency medicine practice is very concerning because of the associated risk of cancer. Methods: Doctors from different specialties and with different levels of training working in emergency departments of 8 hospitals in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, filled out a questionnaire. Participants estimated the radiation doses of different imaging modalities and answered questions regarding possible associated risks. Results: One hundred seventy-one doctors returned completed questionnaires. The overall correct dose estimation rate was 20.8%. Doses were more correctly estimated by consultants …
Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practice Behavior Of Dental Hygienists Regarding The Impact Of Systemic Diseases On Oral Health, Asma’A A. Faden, Anas B. Alsalhani, Majdy M. Idrees, Mohammed A. Alshehri, Mohammad Z. Nassani, Omar B. Kujan
Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practice Behavior Of Dental Hygienists Regarding The Impact Of Systemic Diseases On Oral Health, Asma’A A. Faden, Anas B. Alsalhani, Majdy M. Idrees, Mohammed A. Alshehri, Mohammad Z. Nassani, Omar B. Kujan
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives: To assess the knowledge levels of dental hygienists in Saudi Arabia regarding the association between systemic and oral disease in addition to evaluating their attitude about integrating this knowledge into clinical practice. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire of 102 items among 192 randomly selected dental hygienists practicing in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia by individual interview. The research tool was pilot tested among 12 dental hygienists (8 females and 4 males) to obtain feedback about clarity and objectivity. Results: The response rate was 83%, and the majority of respondents were female (77.5%). The respondents’ knowledge about the …
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Related Discrimination In General Dentistry, Ehab N. Alshouibi, Wafa S. Alalyani
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Related Discrimination In General Dentistry, Ehab N. Alshouibi, Wafa S. Alalyani
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives: To investigate HIV related discrimination among general dentists in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; and to list factors affecting or causing healthcare providers to discriminate people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods: The current study takes place in Jeddah, western Saudi Arabia. The duration for accepting all responses was between March and November, 2017. In this cross-sectional study, we used a self-administered, structured questionnaire. The sample size was 430 general dentists practicing in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistics, mean, and standard deviation were calculated. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was carried out at p <0.05 level of significance. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis. Results: In our study population, the total HIV related discrimination was 67.4%. Approximately 98.1% defer PLWH to the last appointment of the day, while 84.7% refer them to specialists. Furthermore,100% reported wearing double gloves, and 94.7% where wearing protective eye shields if they encounter HIV-patient in the clinic. Male participants were found to be 23% more likely to be discriminative compared to female participants, Moreover, participants who are confident to provide both surgical and non-surgical dental treatment for PLWH were found to be 52% less likely to be discriminative towards PLWH. Also, HIV discrimination is 33% higher in the private practice compared to the governmental practice. Conclusion: Human immunodeficiency virus related discrimination in the study population was affected by dentists’ gender, type of practice, and self-protective attitudes.
Oncology Nurses’ Knowledge, Practice, And Confidence Toward Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy In Jordan, Nijmeh M. Al-Atiyyat, Almutazbillah Z. Banifawaz
Oncology Nurses’ Knowledge, Practice, And Confidence Toward Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy In Jordan, Nijmeh M. Al-Atiyyat, Almutazbillah Z. Banifawaz
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives: To assess the knowledge, practice, and confidence of oncology nurses toward chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) among patients with cancer in Jordan. Methods: Descriptive, and cross sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 148 Jordanian registered oncology nurses recruited from a Specialized Oncology Center in Jordan. Data collection took place in June, 2015. As a data collection tool, the assessment of oncology nurses’ knowledge and practice-revised questionnaire was used. Results: The mean CIPN knowledge score of 8.98/16 (SD=1.9) indicated that there were knowledge deficits regarding CIPN among Jordanian oncology nurses. Only 58.8% of the subjects indicated that CIPN …
Comment On: Growth Characteristics In Children With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi
Comment On: Growth Characteristics In Children With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Immune Therapy Generates Promising Results In Hard-To-Treat Ankylosing Spondylitis
Immune Therapy Generates Promising Results In Hard-To-Treat Ankylosing Spondylitis
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Weight Loss Linked To Lower Breast Cancer Risk For Postmenopausal Women
Weight Loss Linked To Lower Breast Cancer Risk For Postmenopausal Women
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Pool Of Mers Experts For Deployment Established By Who’S Regional Office For The Eastern Mediterranean
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
The Long-Term Outcomes And Histological Transformation In Class Ii Lupus Nephritis, Abdulkareem O. Alsuwaida, Amaar A. Bakhit, Feras A. Alsuwaida, Junaid J. Wadera, Hala M. Kfoury, Sufia Husain
The Long-Term Outcomes And Histological Transformation In Class Ii Lupus Nephritis, Abdulkareem O. Alsuwaida, Amaar A. Bakhit, Feras A. Alsuwaida, Junaid J. Wadera, Hala M. Kfoury, Sufia Husain
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives: To examined the short and long-term outcome of class II lupus nephritis (LN). Methods: This retrospective study included patients with class II LN at their first renal biopsy between January 1996 and December 2016 in King Khaled University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The rate of complete remission, worsening renal function, and histological transformation in the second biopsy were examined. Results: The study included 32 female patients with class II LN. The most frequent presentation (62.5% of patients) was hematuria with subnephrotic range proteinuria. The clinical presentation included acute kidney injury in 22% of patients, and 9.4% had nephrotic range …
Evaluation Of The Effects Of Different Treatment Modalities On Angiogenesis In Heart Failure Patients With Reduced/Mid-Range Ejection Fraction Via Vegf And Svegfr-1, Ismail Erturk, Kenan Saglam, Sadi Elasan, Musa B. Aykan, Ramazan Acar, Fatih Yesildal, Fevzi N. Aydin, Taner Ozgurtas
Evaluation Of The Effects Of Different Treatment Modalities On Angiogenesis In Heart Failure Patients With Reduced/Mid-Range Ejection Fraction Via Vegf And Svegfr-1, Ismail Erturk, Kenan Saglam, Sadi Elasan, Musa B. Aykan, Ramazan Acar, Fatih Yesildal, Fevzi N. Aydin, Taner Ozgurtas
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives: To investigate the clinical significance of VEGF, sVEGFR-1 in heart failure reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) patients. Methods: A total of 104 people consisting of HFrEF and HFmrEF patients (n=54) and healthy (n=50) subjects were included in this comparative cross-sectional study. The study took place in Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, between 2011 and 2013. Serum VEGF, sVEGFR-1, plasma pro-BNP analysis and transthoracic echocardiography were performed. Results: The average sVEGFR-1 level of the HFrEF and HFmrEF patients was significantly higher than the control group (0.185±0.122; 0.141±0.120; p =0.013). The average sVEGFR-1 …
Histopathological Pattern Of Skin Cancer In Western Region Of Saudi Arabia: An 11 Years Experience, Abdulkader M. Albasri, Walaa M. Borhan
Histopathological Pattern Of Skin Cancer In Western Region Of Saudi Arabia: An 11 Years Experience, Abdulkader M. Albasri, Walaa M. Borhan
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives: To determine the histopathological pattern of skin cancer in Madinah region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: This is a retrospective study including all cases with a histological diagnosis of skin cancer diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2006 and December 2017. Data included age, gender, site and histology of the tumor were collected from histopathological reports and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21. Results: Among the 202 cancer cases studied in our series, there were 124 (61.4%) cases of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 33 …
Is The Art Of Assisted Breech Delivery Still Fading In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia?, Sahar H. Abdulghani
Is The Art Of Assisted Breech Delivery Still Fading In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia?, Sahar H. Abdulghani
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Gender And Race May Shape How Minority Women Address Barriers To Breast Cancer Screening
Gender And Race May Shape How Minority Women Address Barriers To Breast Cancer Screening
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
In This Issuessystematic Revieworiginal Articlescase Report
In This Issuessystematic Revieworiginal Articlescase Report
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Knowledge And Awareness Of Diabetes Mellitus And Its Risk Factors In Saudi Arabia, Faisal K. Alanazi, Jazi S. Alotaibi, Penny Paliadelis, Nada Alqarawi, Abdalkarem Alsharari, Bander Albagawi
Knowledge And Awareness Of Diabetes Mellitus And Its Risk Factors In Saudi Arabia, Faisal K. Alanazi, Jazi S. Alotaibi, Penny Paliadelis, Nada Alqarawi, Abdalkarem Alsharari, Bander Albagawi
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives: To summarize available peer-reviewed publications about public knowledge and awareness of diabetes mellitus (DM) among the population of Saudi Arabia. Methods: We followed the standard reporting guidelines outlined in the PRISMA statement for the preparation of this systematic review. In February 2018 we conducted literature searches of PubMed, Scopus, BIOSIS Citation Index, and Web of Science using the following keywords: “Knowledge” OR “Awareness” AND “Diabetes Mellitus” AND “Saudi Arabia.” Records were screened, and relevant studies were selected and synthesized narratively. Results: Nineteen articles are included in our systematic review. These studies included the following populations: DM patients (n=13), healthcare …
Can We Use Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone To Differentiate The Diagnosis Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients And Healthy Women With Polycystic Ovarian Morphology And Regular Menstrual Cycles, Hüseyin Aydoğmuş, Sefa Kelekçi, Ferhan Elmalı, Serpil Aydoğmuş
Can We Use Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone To Differentiate The Diagnosis Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients And Healthy Women With Polycystic Ovarian Morphology And Regular Menstrual Cycles, Hüseyin Aydoğmuş, Sefa Kelekçi, Ferhan Elmalı, Serpil Aydoğmuş
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives: To compare Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) concentrations between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and healthy women who have polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) with regular menstrual cycles, and to determine a diagnostic cutoff value for PCOS women during reproductive period. Methods: This study was carried out between February 2013 and October 2017 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İzmir Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. Seventy PCOS patients and 70 PCOM women with normal menstrual cycles were included in the study. Blood samples of the subjects were obtained following an 8-hour fast for AMH and biochemical …
Evaluation Of The Effects Of Dexmedetomidine And Remifentanil On Pain With The Analgesia Nociception Index In The Perioperative Period In Hysteroscopies Under General Anesthesia: A Randomized Prospective Study, Mustafa Gazi, Süheyla Abitağaoğlu, Güldem Turan, Ceren Köksal, Fatma Nur Akgün, Dilek E. Arı
Evaluation Of The Effects Of Dexmedetomidine And Remifentanil On Pain With The Analgesia Nociception Index In The Perioperative Period In Hysteroscopies Under General Anesthesia: A Randomized Prospective Study, Mustafa Gazi, Süheyla Abitağaoğlu, Güldem Turan, Ceren Köksal, Fatma Nur Akgün, Dilek E. Arı
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives: To compare analgesia nociception index (ANI) values, visual analog scale (VAS) values, and hemodynamic parameters in hysteroscopy patients who received remifentanil and dexmedetomidine during general anesthesia. Methods: In total, 30 patients who underwent hysteroscopy between March and September 2016 at the University of Health Sciences Fatih Sultan Mehmet Health Research and Application Center, İstanbul, Turkey were included in this prospective study. Standard hemodynamic monitoring, ANI, and bispectral index (BIS) monitoring were applied to the patients. At 10 min prior to induction, 1 µg/kg of remifentanil was applied in Group R (n=15) and 1 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine was applied in …
High Antimicrobial Resistant Rates Among Gram-Negative Pathogens In Intensive Care Units: A Retrospective Study At A Tertiary Care Hospital In Southwest Saudi Arabia, Mutasim E. Ibrahim
High Antimicrobial Resistant Rates Among Gram-Negative Pathogens In Intensive Care Units: A Retrospective Study At A Tertiary Care Hospital In Southwest Saudi Arabia, Mutasim E. Ibrahim
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives: To determine the distribution and resistance profiles of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in intensive care units (ICUs) at King Abdullah Hospital in Bisha, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A record based retrospective study was conducted from December 2016 to January 2018. In total, 3736 non-duplicate clinical specimens from the general intensive care unit (ICU), neonatal ICU (NICU), and coronary CU (CCU) were analyzed for pathogens. Results: Of 3736 specimens, 9.6% (358) were positive for pathogens, and GNB constituted the majority (290/358; 81%). Acinetobacter is predominant in the general ICU, whereas Klebsiella pneumoniae is common in the NICU and CCU. Overall, GNB revealed …
The Importance Of Hand Hygiene Education On Primary Schoolgirls’ Absence Due To Upper Respiratory Infections In Saudi Arabia: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial, Abrar A. Alzaher, Sami S. Almudarra, Muna H. Mustafa, Ibrahim M. Gosadi
The Importance Of Hand Hygiene Education On Primary Schoolgirls’ Absence Due To Upper Respiratory Infections In Saudi Arabia: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial, Abrar A. Alzaher, Sami S. Almudarra, Muna H. Mustafa, Ibrahim M. Gosadi
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives: To quantify the reduction in absence due to upper respiratory infections (URIs) among primary schoolgirls attending Riyadh’s schools after delivering a hand hygiene workshop intervention over a period of 5 weeks. Methods: A cluster randomized trial was conducted among girls attending 4 primary schools between January and March 2018. The participants attended a hand hygiene workshop. The schoolgirls’ absences were followed up for 5 weeks. Incidence rate, percentage of absence days, and absence rate were calculated for total and URIs absences. Result: Total number of participating schoolgirls was 496. Upper respiratory infections accounted for 15.3% of absence episodes. Schoolgirls …
Comment On: Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Retrospective Analysis Of Clinico-Laboratory Parameters And Their Association With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index Score, Suzan M. Attar
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Overweight And Obesity Linked To Higher Risk Of Urinary Incontinence For Women
Overweight And Obesity Linked To Higher Risk Of Urinary Incontinence For Women
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
World Leaders Commit To Bold Targets And Urgent Action To End Tb
World Leaders Commit To Bold Targets And Urgent Action To End Tb
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Fatal Case Of Cerebral Aspergilloma Complicated By Ventriculitis And Bacteremia Due To Salmonella Species In A Sickle Cell Disease Patient, Fawzia E. Alotaibi
Fatal Case Of Cerebral Aspergilloma Complicated By Ventriculitis And Bacteremia Due To Salmonella Species In A Sickle Cell Disease Patient, Fawzia E. Alotaibi
Saudi Medical Journal
To describe a fatal case of invasive Aspergillus flavus sinusitis in a 43-year old female with sickle cell disease (SCD) complicated by intracerebral aspergilloma and invasive Salmonella infection. Cerebral aspergilloma carries a very high mortality rate. The patient developed post-craniotomy intracerebral hemorrhage at the site of biopsy, Salmonella species sepsis and ventriculitis. She presented with a 2-month history of headache, dizziness, personality and behavioral changes, and vomiting. Initial clinical evaluation raised the suspicion of brain tumor. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left frontal, thick-walled ring-enhancing lesion with extensive surrounding edema suggestive of a neoplastic lesion, or a contiguous inflammatory …
Ebola Outbreak In Drc Ends: Who Calls For International Efforts To Stop Other Deadly Outbreaks In The Country
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On Coagulation Screening Tests And Platelet Counts In A Sudanese Male Adults Population, Ahmed M. Elkhalifa
Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On Coagulation Screening Tests And Platelet Counts In A Sudanese Male Adults Population, Ahmed M. Elkhalifa
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives: To study the effects of heavy cigarette smoking on coagulation (CGG) screening tests and platelet counts (PLTs) in a Sudanese male adults population. Methods: A case control study was conducted at both Kosti and Gabalein towns, Sudan, during October 2016 to May 2017. A 100 adult cigarette smokers were selected and another 100 matched non-smokers were selected as healthy controls. Blood samples were collected in trisodium citrate anti-coagulant for prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and international normalized ratio (INR), analyzed using standard methods (co-agulometer machine) and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for the platelet counts, using an automated haematology analyzer …