Digital Commons Network^™

Population-Based Incidence Of Guillain-Barré Syndrome During Mass Immunization With Viral Vaccines: A Pooled Analysis, Fengge Wang, Donglan Wang, Yingjie Wang, Cancan Li, Yulu Zheng, Zheng Guo, Pengcheng Liu, Yichun Zhang, Wei Wang, Youxin Wang, Haifeng Hou

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Misunderstanding temporal coincidence of adverse events during mass vaccination and invalid assessment of possible safety concerns have negative effects on immunization programs, leading to low immunization coverage. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the incidence rates of GBS that are temporally associated with viral vaccine administration but might not be attributable to the vaccines. By literature search in Embase and PubMed, we included 48 publications and 2,110,441,600 participants. The pooled incidence rate of GBS was 3.09 per million persons (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.67 to 3.51) within six weeks of vaccination, equally 2.47 per 100,000 person-year (95%CI: …

Evaluating A Multicomponent Survivorship Programme For Men With Prostate Cancer In Australia: A Single Cohort Study, Patsy Yates, Rob Carter, Robyn Cockerell, Donna Cowan, Cyril Dixon, Anita Lal, Robert U. Newton, Nicolas Hart, Daniel A. Galvão, Brenton Baguley, Nicholas Denniston, Tina Skinner, Jeremy Couper, Jon Emery, Mark Frydenberg, Wei Hong Liu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective: To evaluate the implementation of a multicomponent survivorship programme for men with prostate cancer and their carers. Design: A single cohort study, guided by the RE-AIM framework. Setting: Multiple health services in Australia. Participants: Men with prostate cancer and their carers, and health professionals. Intervention: A 12-month telehealth programme that provided centralised and coordinated decision and information support, exercise and nutrition management, specialised clinical support and practical support to men and their carers. Data collection: Multiple sources of data including participant-reported health outcomes and experience of care, qualitative interviews, records of the programme were collected at different time points. …

Microc Alcification Segmentation Using Modified U-Net Segmentation Network From Mammogram Images, Md Shamim Hossain

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Breast cancer is the most common aggressive cancer in women while the early detection of this cancer can reduce the aggressiveness. But it is challenging to identify breast cancer features such as micro-calcification from mammogram images by the human eye because of its size and appearance. Therefore, the automatic detection of micro-calcification is essential for diagnosis and proper treatment. This work introduces an automated approach and segments any micro-calcification in the mammogram images. At first, the preprocessing applications of images are applied to enhance the image. After that, the breast region is segmented from the pectoral region. The suspicious regions …

Is Tissue Still The Issue? The Promise Of Liquid Biopsy In Uveal Melanoma, Daniël P. De Bruyn, Aaron B. Beasley, Robert M. Verdijk, Natasha M. Van Poppelen, Dion Paridaens, Ronald O.B. De Keizer, Nicole C. Naus, Elin S. Gray, Annelies De Klein, Erwin Brosens, Emine Kiliç

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the second most frequent type of melanoma. Therapeutic options for UM favor minimally invasive techniques such as irradiation for vision preservation. As a consequence, no tumor material is obtained. Without available tissue, molecular analyses for gene expression, mutation or copy number analysis cannot be performed. Thus, proper patient stratification is impossible and patients' uncertainty about their prognosis rises. Minimally invasive techniques have been studied for prognostication in UM. Blood-based biomarker analysis has become more common in recent years; however, no clinically standardized protocol exists. This review summarizes insights in biomarker analysis, addressing new insights in circulating …

Concentration Polarization Controlin Stand-Alone And Hybrid Forward Osmosis Systems: Recent Technological Advancements And Future Directions, W. Suwaileh, Masoumeh Zargar, A. Abdala, F. A. Siddiqui, Mehdi Khiadani, A. Abdel-Wahab

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Forward osmosis (FO) has received significant attention recently. FO has high potentials for integration with other water treatment technologies. However, concentration polarization (CP) remains a significant challenge in FO membrane applications. In particular, internal CP (ICP) reduces the permeability of FO membranes by nearly 80%. The development of FO processes and their applications can greatly benefit from strategies that detect and control CP in standalone and integrated FO systems. This requires consideration of FO membrane structures, materials, configurations, operating conditions, and modification and cleaning strategies. This review provides a state-of-the-art analysis of recent literature on CP detection and control with …

Real-World Smartphone-Based Gait Recognition, Hind Alobaidi, Nathan Clarke, Fudong Li, Abdulrahman Alruban

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

As the smartphone and the services it provides are becoming targets of cybercrime, it is critical to secure smartphones. However, it is important security controls are designed to provide continuous and user-friendly security. Amongst the most important of these is user authentication, where users have experienced a significant rise in the need to authenticate to the device and individually to the numerous apps that it contains. Gait authentication has gained attention as a mean of non-intrusive or transparent authentication on mobile devices, capturing the information required to verify the authenticity of the user whilst the person is walking. Whilst prior …

Recent Advances In Carbon Dioxide Geological Storage, Experimental Procedures, Influencing Parameters, And Future Outlook, Muhammad Ali, Nilesh Kumar Jha, Nilanjan Pal, Alireza Keshavarz, Hussein Hoteit, Mohammad Sarmadivaleh

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The oxidation of fossil fuels produces billions of tons of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from stationary and nonstationary sources per annum, contributing to global warming. The natural carbon cycle consumes a portion of CO₂ emissions from the atmosphere. In contrast, substantial CO₂ emissions accumulate, making it the largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and causing a rise in the planet's temperature. The Earth's temperature was estimated to be 1 °C higher in 2017 compared to the mid-twentieth century. A solution to this problem is CO₂ storage in underground formations, abundant throughout the world. Millions …

Experimental Evaluation Of Liquid Nitrogen Fracturing On The Development Of Tight Gas Carbonate Rocks In The Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan, Muhammad Ali, Abdul Majeed Shar, Aftab Ahmed Mahesar, Ahmed Al-Yaseri, Nurudeen Yekeen, Khalil Rehman Memon, Alireza Keshavarz, Hussein Hoteit

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Tight gas carbonate formations have enormous potential to meet the supply and demand of the ever-growing population. However, it is impossible to produce from these formations due to the reduced permeability and lower marginal porosity. Several methods have been used to extract unconventional tight gas from these reservoirs, including hydraulic fracturing and acidizing. However, field studies have demonstrated that these methods have environmental flaws and technical problems. Liquid nitrogen (LN₂) fracturing is an effective stimulation technique that provides sudden thermal stress in the rock matrix, creating vivid fractures and improving the petro-physical potential. In this study, we acquired …

Immune Response To Sars-Cov-2 Variants: A Focus On Severity, Susceptibility, And Preexisting Immunity, Eman Alefishat, Herbert F. Jelinek, Mira Mousa, Guan K. Tay, Habiba S. Alsafar

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The heterogeneous phenotypes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has drawn worldwide attention, especially those with severe symptoms without comorbid conditions. Immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative virus of COVID-19, occur mainly by the innate immune response via the interferon (IFN)-mediated pathways, and the adaptive immunity via the T lymphocyte and the antibody mediated pathways. The ability of the original Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 strain, and possibly more so with new emerging variants, to antagonize IFN-mediated antiviral responses can be behind the higher early viral load, higher transmissibility, and milder symptoms compared to SARS-CoV and are …

A New Method For Evaluating The Bond Strength Of Plasma-Sprayed Nicrbsi Coatings, Liang Yu Chen, Yi Tong Liu, Hao Nan Xuan, Cui Hua Zhao, Maksym Bobrov, Qian Hao Zang, Jin Hua Peng, Sheng Lu, Lai Chang Zhang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The bond strength is a critical consideration for the plasma-sprayed NiCrBSi coatings. However, the conventional methods for testing the bond strength of NiCrBSi coatings always cost time and money. If there is a simple method that could predict the bond strength of the prepared NiCrBSi coatings without destroying the coatings, it would be significantly beneficial for industrial applications. In this work, a new method was proposed based on the total areas of the interfacial pores for the NiCrBSi coatings. The NiCrBSi coating was prepared by plasma spraying technology and the as-sprayed coating was subsequently remelted by plasma arc using the …

Ecu-Ioft: A Dataset For Analysing Cyber-Attacks On Internet Of Flying Things, Mohiuddin Ahmed, David Cox, Benjamin Simpson, Aseel Aloufi

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

There has been a significant increase in the adoption of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) within science, technology, engineering, and mathematics project-based learning. However, the risks that education providers place their student and staff under is often unknown or undocumented. Low-end consumer drones used within the education sector are vulnerable to state-of-the-art cyberattacks. Therefore, datasets are required to conduct further research to establish cyber defenses for UAVs used within the education sector. This paper showcases the development of the ECU-IoFT dataset, documenting three known cyber-attacks targeting Wi-Fi communications and the lack of security in an affordable off-the-shelf drone. At present, there …

Feral Cats In The Subtropics Of Australia—The Shamrock Station Irrigation Project, Michael Thomas Lohr, Dave Algar, Neil Hamilton, Cheryl Anne Lohr

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Environmental damage caused by the intensification of agriculture may be compensated by implementing conservation projects directed towards reducing threatening processes and conserving threatened native species. In Australia, feral cats (Felis catus) have been a ubiquitous threatening process to Australian fauna since European colonisation. On Shamrock Station, in the north-west of Western Australia, the Argyle Cattle Company has proposed intensifying agriculture through the installation of irrigation pivots. There is concern that irrigating land and storing agricultural produce may indirectly increase the abundance of feral cats and European red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) on the property, which in turn may negatively impact threatened …

Identifying Gene Network Patterns And Associated Cellular Immune Responses In Children With Or Without Nut Allergy, Khui Hung Lee, Anthony Bosco, Michael O'Sullivan, Yong Song, Jessica Metcalfe, Kan Yu, Benjamin J. Mullins, Richard Loh, Guicheng Zhang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Although evidence suggests that the immune system plays a key role in the pathophysiology of nut allergy, the precise immunological mechanisms of nut allergy have not been systematically investigated. The aim of the present study was to identify gene network patterns and associated cellular immune responses in children with or without nut allergy. Methods: Transcriptome profiling of whole blood cells was compared between children with and without nut allergy. Three genes were selected to be validated on a larger cohort of samples (n = 86) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-qPCR). The composition of immune cells was inferred from …

Temporal Trends In Renal Replacement Therapy In Community-Based People With Or Without Type 2 Diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study, Wendy A. Davis, Aron Chakera, Edward Gregg, Daniel Mcaullay, Timothy M.E. Davis

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Although rates of cardiovascular disease complicating type 2 diabetes are declining, equivalent data for renal replacement therapy (RRT) are conflicting. The aim of this study was to characterize temporal changes in RRT incidence rates (IRs) in Australians with or without type 2 diabetes. Methods: Participants with type 2 diabetes from the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phases I (FDS1; n = 1291 recruited 1993–1996) and II (FDS2; n = 1509 recruited 2008–2011) were age-, sex-and postcode-matched 1:4 to people without diabetes and followed for first hospitalization for/with RRT. Five-year IRs, IR ratios (IRRs) for those with versus without diabetes in FDS1 …

The Utilization Of Algae And Seaweed Biomass For Bioremediation Of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Wastewater, Hussein Znad, Md Rabiul Awual, Sri Martini

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The presence of heavy metals in water bodies is linked to the increasing number of industries and populations. This has serious consequences for the quality of human health and the environment. In accordance with this issue, water and wastewater treatment technologies including ion exchange, chemical extraction, and hydrolysis should be conducted as a first water purification stage. However, the sequestration of these toxic substances tends to be expensive, especially for large scale treatment methods that require tedious control and have limited efficiency. Therefore, adsorption methods using adsorbents derived from biomass represent a promising alternative due to their great efficiency and …

Evidence That Digital Game Players Neglect Age Classification Systems When Deciding Which Games To Play, Ross Hollett, Sian Tomkinson, Sam Illingworth, Brad Power, Tauel Harper

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This article considers players' experiences seeking out new games to play, and their use of the Australian National Classification Scheme in doing so. The global video game industry is booming, with hundreds of games being released each month across numerous platforms. As a result, players have an unprecedented number of games available when choosing what games to purchase. However, a number of confounding issues around the emergent content of games and the subjective nature of game reviewing makes it difficult to relate what kinds of experiences a given game will facilitate. In this study, we surveyed game players in order …

Relationship Between Nordic Hamstring Strength And Maximal Voluntary Eccentric, Concentric And Isometric Knee Flexion Torque, Satoru Nishida, Masatoshi Nakamura, Ryosuke Kiyono, Shigeru Sato, Koki Yasaka, Riku Yoshida, Kazunori Nosaka

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Nordic hamstring exercise is performed to prevent knee flexor muscle strain injuries and used to assess their injury risks. However, what exactly Nordic hamstring strength indicates is not clear. We investigated the relationship between Nordic hamstring strength and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque of the knee flexors measured by an isokinetic dynamometer. Sixteen healthy young men who had not experienced hamstring strain injuries participated in the study. In Nordic hamstring, each participant was instructed to lean forward as far as possible in 3 s (approximately 30/s), and force at the ankle joint of the dominant leg was measured during the …

Enhancing Fire Service Incident Investigation – Translating Findings Into Improved Outcomes Using Piam, Greg Penney, Marcus Cattani, Simon Ridge

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Since 1927 more than 242 formal inquiries and reviews into Australian natural disasters, and 62 international post-incident investigations following firefighter fatalities or injuries during wildfire entrapment and burnover have been completed. Despite the significant number of completed inquires, evidence suggests emergency services continue to repeat mistakes of the past when preparing for, preventing, responding to, and recovering from disasters. Where ongoing mistakes occur, the interventions themselves (including analysis methods) must be questioned as the significant cost of repeated inquiries may divert funding from improving both the capabilities and capacities of the emergency services being investigated. The objective of this paper …

The Use Of Theory In Qualitative Research: Challenges, Development Of A Framework And Exemplar, Thi Ngoc Minh Nguyen, Lisa Whitehead, Gordana Dermody, Rosemary Saunders

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Whilst theoretical grounding is considered important for sound research methodology, consensus on the application of theory in qualitative research remains elusive. Novice researchers may experience challenges in applying theory in qualitative research and these may contribute to the under-use, over-reliance or inappropriate application of theory. Practical guidance on how theory can inform and guide the conduct of qualitative research is needed.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to propose a framework for the application of theory in qualitative research and provide an exemplar.

Methods: The Theoretical Application Framework for Qualitative Studies (TAF-QS) was developed from the synthesis of …

The Impact Of Three-Dimensional Visualisation On Midwifery Student Learning, Compared With Traditional Education For Teaching The Third Stage Of Labour: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial, Michelle Gray, Terri Downer, Donna Hartz, Patrea Andersen, Julie Hanson, Yu Gao

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Complex physiological processes are often difficult for midwifery students to comprehend when using traditional teaching and learning approaches. Face to face instructional workshops using simulation have had some impact on improving understanding. However, in the 21st century new technologies offer the opportunity to provide alternative learning approaches.

Aim: To investigate the impact of using three-dimensional (3D) visualisation in midwifery education on student's experience of learning, and retention of knowledge at three points in time.

Design: A pilot study involving a two-armed parallel Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) comparing the retention of knowledge scores between the control and intervention groups.

Setting: …

Increases In Integrin-Ilk-Rictor-Akt Proteins, Muscle Mass, And Strength After Eccentric Cycling Training, Georgios Mavropalias, Yu-Fu Wu, Marni D. Boppart, Anthony J. Blazevich, Kazunori Nosaka

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: Recently, it has been suggested that a cellular pathway composed of integrin, integrin-linked kinase (ILK), rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR), and Akt may facilitate long-term structural and functional adaptations associated with exercise, independent of the mTORC1 pathway. Therefore, we examined changes in integrin-ILK-RICTOR-Akt protein in vastus lateralis (VL) before and after 8 wk of eccentric cycling training (ECC), which was expected to increase muscle function and VL cross-sectional area (CSA).

Methods: Eleven men (23 ± 4 yr) completed 24 sessions of ECC with progressive increases in intensity and duration, resulting in a twofold increase in work from the first …

Pro-Environmental Behaviours In Protected Areas: A Systematic Literature Review And Future Research Directions, Kourosh Esfandiar, Joanna Pearce, Ross Dowling, Edmund Goh

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Understanding pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs) in protected areas has attracted considerable research attention. This perennial issue is pertinent in reducing negative compounded impacts and/or increasing positive impacts in protected areas. This study aims to provide a review of the literature to unpack the existing publications of PEBs in protected areas and to scope future research avenues. A total of 88 empirical research journal articles were collected through Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Results showed 43.18% of the articles analysed considered PEBs as a general group of behaviours while the remaining 56.82% were specific domains of PEBs including littering, …

Numerical Investigation Of Proppant Transport At Hydraulic-Natural Fracture Intersection, Duo Wang, Zhenjiang You, Min Wang, Qi Li, Lei Wu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The transport mechanism of particles at fracture intersection is numerically studied by the coupled lattice Boltzmann-discrete element methods. First, the numerical method is validated via a benchmark test of the relative suspension viscosity. Second, a comprehensive parametric study on proppant transport through a T-junction is performed. The impacts of various parameters, including particle concentration, particle size, the Reynolds number and the fracture intersection angle are investigated. The results show that the proppant leak-off ratio decreases with particle concentration due to retardation and the Reynolds number due to inertial migration, and increases with fracture aperture. Particularly, the results also reveal a …

Modelling Vertical Water Distribution And Separation In The Unsaturated Coal And Iron Ores During Oscillation, Jian Chen, Zhenjiang You, Ognjen Orozovic, Geoff Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The effect of oscillation on the water distribution in unsaturated coal and iron ores plays a significant role in the material processing but has not been analysed quantitatively. This paper developed a model based on the Richards equation to describe the transient residual water distribution in the unsaturated coal and iron ores, and predicted the separated water with time. In this model, the effect of oscillation was quantised as a dynamic potential of the unsaturated water. The model was experimentally verified and applied to characterise the separated and residual water. The effects of initial water content, hydraulic conductivity, dynamic potential …

Mathematics Teachers’ Online Teaching Experience In Times Of School Closures: The Case Of Malaysia, Kin Eng Chin, Fui Fong Jiew, Al Jupri

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose – Given that students were out of school in response to the COVID-19 pandemic public health measures, traditional teaching practices have been forced to switch to online mediated learning environments. This study represents the first research effort to capture the experience of Malaysian mathematics teachers about their teaching during the pandemic. This includes investigating digital education tools mathematics teachers used, issues they encountered, and the knowledge and skills they need to improve during the enforced online teaching situation. Methodology – This study employed a survey design and qualitative data were collected using an online questionnaire. A total of 202 …

Genetic Insights Into The Introduction History Of Black Rats Into The Eastern Indian Ocean, Vicki A A. Thomson, Andrew S. Wiewel, Russell Palmer, Neil Hamilton, Dave Algar, Caitlyn Pink, Harriet Mills, Ken P. Aplin, Geoffrey Clark, Atholl Anderson, Michael B. Herrera, Steven Myers, Terry Bertozzi, Philip J. Piper, Hitoshi Suzuki, Steve Donnellan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Islands can be powerful demonstrations of how destructive invasive species can be on endemic faunas and insular ecologies. Oceanic islands in the eastern Indian Ocean have suffered dramatically from the impact of one of the world’s most destructive invasive species, the black rat, causing the loss of endemic terrestrial mammals and ongoing threats to ground-nesting birds. We use molecular genetic methods on both ancient and modern samples to establish the origins and minimum invasion frequencies of black rats on Christmas Island and the Cocos-Keeling Islands. We find that each island group had multiple incursions of black rats from diverse geographic …

Digital Demand And Digital Deficit: Conceptualising Digital Literacy And Gauging Proficiency Among Higher Education Students, Ashlee Morgan, Ruth Sibson, Denise Jackson

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

For higher education students, developing digital literacy enhances their value to future employers and appeal in the graduate labour market. The purpose of this study was two-fold. First, to provide a tridimensional (technical, cognitive and etiquette) conceptual framework and definition of digital literacy. Second, to investigate students’ (N = 324) perceptions of their digital literacy proficiency through an online survey. Multiple linear regression revealed mixed results for different aspects of digital literacy. Students reported the lowest proficiency in using digital information, specifically in terms of evaluation and determining bias and quality of information. The highest levels of proficiency were …

Acceptability Of Op/Na Swabbing For Sars-Cov-2: A Prospective Observational Cohort Surveillance Study In Western Australian Schools, Hannah M. Thomas, Marianne J. Mullane, Sherlynn Ang, Tina Barrow, Adele Leahy, Alexandra Whelan, Karen Lombardi, Matthew Cooper, Paul G. Stevenson, Leanne Lester, Andrea Padley, Lynn Sprigg, David Speers, Adam J. Merritt, Juli Coffin, Donna Cross, Peter Gething, Asha C. Bowen

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objectives: When the COVID-19 pandemic was declared, Governments responded with lockdown and isolation measures to combat viral spread, including the closure of many schools. More than a year later, widespread screening for SARS-CoV-2 is critical to allow schools and other institutions to remain open. Here, we describe the acceptability of a minimally invasive COVID-19 screening protocol trialled by the Western Australian Government to mitigate the risks of and boost public confidence in schools remaining open. To minimise discomfort, and optimise recruitment and tolerability in unaccompanied children, a combined throat and nasal (OP/Na) swab was chosen over the nasopharyngeal swab commonly …

Pparα And Pparγ Activation Is Associated With Pleural Mesothelioma Invasion But Therapeutic Inhibition Is Ineffective, M. Lizeth Orozco Morales, Catherine A. Rinaldi, Emma De Jong, Sally M. Lansley, Joel P. A. Gummer, Bence Olasz, Shabarinath Nambiar, Danika E. Hope, Thomas H. Casey, Y. C. Gary Lee, Connull Leslie, Gareth Nealon, David M. Shackleford, Andrew K. Powell, Marina Grimaldi, Patrick Balaguer, Rachael M. Zemek, Anthony Bosco, Matthew J. Piggott, Alice Vrielink, Richard A. Lake, W. Joost Lesterhuis

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Mesothelioma is a cancer that typically originates in the pleura of the lungs. It rapidly invades the surrounding tissues, causing pain and shortness of breath. We compared cell lines injected either subcutaneously or intrapleurally and found that only the latter resulted in invasive and rapid growth. Pleural tumors displayed a transcriptional signature consistent with increased activity of nuclear receptors PPARα and PPARγ and with an increased abundance of endogenous PPAR-activating ligands. We found that chemical probe GW6471 is a potent, dual PPARα/γ antagonist with anti-invasive and anti-proliferative activity in vitro. However, administration of GW6471 at doses that provided sustained plasma …

The Influence Of Local Embeddedness On The Economic, Social, And Environmental Sustainability Practices Of Regional Small Firms, Jalleh Sharafizad, Janice Redmond, Craig Parker

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Despite growing research on economic, social, and environmental sustainability, few studies explore all three sustainability pillars and implemented practices, in the context of regional small firms. This study uses a novel integration of two theoretical concepts, local embeddedness, and sustainability embeddedness orientation, to fill this knowledge gap. Using 26 interviews, the study highlights the nuanced interconnectedness of three new theoretical concepts that link local embeddedness and sustainability embeddedness–locally embedded sustainability values, spatially-driven sustainability and locally adapted sustainability. An integrated theoretical framework is provided that uses the three new concepts to explain how and why small firm local embeddedness in regional …