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Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Visual Typo Correction By Collocative Optimization: A Case Study On Merchandize Images, Xiao-Yong Wei, Zhen-Qun Yang, Chong-Wah Ngo, Wei Zhang
Visual Typo Correction By Collocative Optimization: A Case Study On Merchandize Images, Xiao-Yong Wei, Zhen-Qun Yang, Chong-Wah Ngo, Wei Zhang
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Near-duplicate retrieval (NDR) in merchandize images is of great importance to a lot of online applications on e-Commerce websites. In those applications where the requirement of response time is critical, however, the conventional techniques developed for a general purpose NDR are limited, because expensive post-processing like spatial verification or hashing is usually employed to compromise the quantization errors among the visual words used for the images. In this paper, we argue that most of the errors are introduced because of the quantization process where the visual words are considered individually, which has ignored the contextual relations among words. We propose …
Towards More Accurate Multi-Label Software Behavior Learning, Xin Xia, Feng Yang, David Lo, Zhenyu Chen, Xinyu Wang
Towards More Accurate Multi-Label Software Behavior Learning, Xin Xia, Feng Yang, David Lo, Zhenyu Chen, Xinyu Wang
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
In a modern software system, when a program fails, a crash report which contains an execution trace would be sent to the software vendor for diagnosis. A crash report which corresponds to a failure could be caused by multiple types of faults simultaneously. Many large companies such as Baidu organize a team to analyze these failures, and classify them into multiple labels (i.e., multiple types of faults). However, it would be time-consuming and difficult for developers to manually analyze these failures and come out with appropriate fault labels. In this paper, we automatically classify a failure into multiple types of …
Automated Construction Of A Software-Specific Word Similarity Database, Yuan Tian, David Lo, Julia Lawall
Automated Construction Of A Software-Specific Word Similarity Database, Yuan Tian, David Lo, Julia Lawall
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Many automated software engineering approaches, including code search, bug report categorization, and duplicate bug report detection, measure similarities between two documents by analyzing natural language contents. Often different words are used to express the same meaning and thus measuring similarities using exact matching of words is insufficient. To solve this problem, past studies have shown the need to measure the similarities between pairs of words. To meet this need, the natural language processing community has built WordNet which is a manually constructed lexical database that records semantic relations among words and can be used to measure how similar two words …
Identity Based Identification From Algebraic Coding Theory, Guomin Yang, Chik How Tan, Yi Mu, Willy Susilo, Duncan S. Wong
Identity Based Identification From Algebraic Coding Theory, Guomin Yang, Chik How Tan, Yi Mu, Willy Susilo, Duncan S. Wong
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Cryptographic identification schemes allow a remote user to prove his/her identity to a verifier who holds some public information of the user, such as the user public key or identity. Most of the existing cryptographic identification schemes are based on numbertheoretic hard problems such as Discrete Log and Factorization. This paper focuses on the design and analysis of identity based identification (IBI) schemes based on algebraic coding theory. We first revisit an existing code-based IBI scheme which is derived by combining the Courtois–Finiasz–Sendrier signature scheme and the Stern zero-knowledge identification scheme. Previous results have shown that this IBI scheme is …
Integrating Water Exclusion Theory Into Β Contacts To Predict Binding Free Energy Changes And Binding Hot Spots, Qian Liu, Steven C. H. Hoi, Chee Keong Kwoh, Limsoon Wong, Jinyan Li
Integrating Water Exclusion Theory Into Β Contacts To Predict Binding Free Energy Changes And Binding Hot Spots, Qian Liu, Steven C. H. Hoi, Chee Keong Kwoh, Limsoon Wong, Jinyan Li
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Binding free energy and binding hot spots at protein-protein interfaces are two important research areas for understanding protein interactions. Computational methods have been developed previously for accurate prediction of binding free energy change upon mutation for interfacial residues. However, a large number of interrupted and unimportant atomic contacts are used in the training phase which caused accuracy loss. Results: This work proposes a new method, β ACV ASA , to predict the change of binding free energy after alanine mutations. β ACV ASA integrates accessible surface area (ASA) and our newly defined β contacts together into an atomic contact vector …
Los And Nlos Classification For Underwater Acoustic Localization, Roee Diamant, Hwee-Pink Tan, Lutz Lampe
Los And Nlos Classification For Underwater Acoustic Localization, Roee Diamant, Hwee-Pink Tan, Lutz Lampe
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
The low sound speed in water makes propagation delay (PD)-based range estimation attractive for underwater acoustic localization (UWAL). However, due to the long channel impulse response and the existence of reflectors, PD-based UWAL suffers from significant degradation when PD measurements of nonline-of-sight (NLOS) communication links are falsely identified as line-of-sight (LOS). In this paper, we utilize expected variation of PD measurements due to mobility of nodes and present an algorithm to classify the former into LOS and NLOS links. First, by comparing signal strength-based and PD-based range measurements, we identify object-related NLOS (ONLOS) links, where signals are reflected from objects …
Extended Comprehensive Study Of Association Measures For Fault Localization, Lucia Lucia, David Lo, Lingxiao Jiang, Ferdian Thung, Aditya Budi
Extended Comprehensive Study Of Association Measures For Fault Localization, Lucia Lucia, David Lo, Lingxiao Jiang, Ferdian Thung, Aditya Budi
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Spectrum-based fault localization is a promising approach to automatically locate root causes of failures quickly. Two well-known spectrum-based fault localization techniques, Tarantula and Ochiai, measure how likely a program element is a root cause of failures based on profiles of correct and failed program executions. These techniques are conceptually similar to association measures that have been proposed in statistics, data mining, and have been utilized to quantify the relationship strength between two variables of interest (e.g., the use of a medicine and the cure rate of a disease). In this paper, we view fault localization as a measurement of the …
Predicting Response In Mobile Advertising With Hierarchical Importance-Aware Factorization Machine, Richard Jayadi Oentaryo, Ee Peng Lim, Jia Wei Low, David Lo, Michael Finegold
Predicting Response In Mobile Advertising With Hierarchical Importance-Aware Factorization Machine, Richard Jayadi Oentaryo, Ee Peng Lim, Jia Wei Low, David Lo, Michael Finegold
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Mobile advertising has recently seen dramatic growth, fueled by the global proliferation of mobile phones and devices. The task of predicting ad response is thus crucial for maximizing business revenue. However, ad response data change dynamically over time, and are subject to cold-start situations in which limited history hinders reliable prediction. There is also a need for a robust regression estimation for high prediction accuracy, and good ranking to distinguish the impacts of different ads. To this end, we develop a Hierarchical Importance-aware Factorization Machine (HIFM), which provides an effective generic latent factor framework that incorporates importance weights and hierarchical …
An Empirical Study Of Bug Report Field Reassignment, Xin Xia, David Lo, Ming Wen, Shihab Emad, Bo Zhou
An Empirical Study Of Bug Report Field Reassignment, Xin Xia, David Lo, Ming Wen, Shihab Emad, Bo Zhou
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
A bug report contains many fields, such as product, component, severity, priority, fixer, operating system (OS), platform, etc., which provide important information for the bug triaging and fixing process. It is important to make sure that bug information is correct since previous studies showed that the wrong assignment of bug report fields could increase the bug fixing time, and even delay the delivery of the software. In this paper, we perform an empirical study on bug report field reassignments in open-source software projects. To better understand why bug report fields are reassigned, we manually collect 99 recent bug reports that …
Barometric Phone Sensors: More Hype Than Hope!, Kartik Muralidharan, Azeem Javed Khan, Archan Misra, Rajesh Krishna Balan, Sharad Agarwal
Barometric Phone Sensors: More Hype Than Hope!, Kartik Muralidharan, Azeem Javed Khan, Archan Misra, Rajesh Krishna Balan, Sharad Agarwal
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
The inclusion of the barometer sensor in smartphones signaled an opportunity for aiding indoor localization efforts. In this paper, we therefore investigate a possible use of the barometer sensor for detecting vertically oriented activities. We start by showing the accuracies of various commodity measurement devices and the challenges they bring forth. We then show how to use the barometer values to build a predictor that can detect floor changes and the mode (elevator, escalator, or stairs) used to change floors with nearly 100% accuracy. We validate these properties with data collected using 3 different measurement devices from 7 different buildings. …
Libol: A Library For Online Learning Algorithms, Steven C. H. Hoi, Jialei Wang, Peilin Zhao
Libol: A Library For Online Learning Algorithms, Steven C. H. Hoi, Jialei Wang, Peilin Zhao
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
LIBOL is an open-source library for large-scale online learning, which consists of a large family of efficient and scalable state-of-the-art online learning algorithms for large- scale online classification tasks. We have offered easy-to-use command-line tools and examples for users and developers, and also have made comprehensive documents available for both beginners and advanced users. LIBOL is not only a machine learning toolbox, but also a comprehensive experimental platform for conducting online learning research.
Parameter Synthesis For Hierarchical Concurrent Real-Time Systems, Étienne André, Yang Liu, Jun Sun, Jin Song Dong
Parameter Synthesis For Hierarchical Concurrent Real-Time Systems, Étienne André, Yang Liu, Jun Sun, Jin Song Dong
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Modeling and verifying complex real-time systems, involving timing delays, are notoriously difficult problems. Checking the correctness of a system for one particular value for each delay does not give any information for other values. It is thus interesting to reason parametrically, by considering that the delays are parameters (unknown constants) and synthesizing a constraint guaranteeing a correct behavior. We present here Parametric Stateful Timed Communicating Sequential Processes, a language capable of specifying and verifying parametric hierarchical real-time systems with complex data structures. Although we prove that the synthesis is undecidable in general, we present several semi-algorithms for efficient parameter synthesis, …
Towards Verification Of Computation Orchestration, Jin Song Dong, Yang Liu, Jun Sun, Xian Zhang
Towards Verification Of Computation Orchestration, Jin Song Dong, Yang Liu, Jun Sun, Xian Zhang
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Recently, a promising programming model called Orc has been proposed to support a structured way of orchestrating distributed Web Services. Orc is intuitive because it offers concise constructors to manage concurrent communication, time-outs, priorities, failure of Web Services or communication and so forth. The semantics of Orc is precisely defined. However, there is no automatic verification tool available to verify critical properties against Orc programs. Our goal is to verify the orchestration programs (written in Orc language) which invoke web services to achieve certain goals. To investigate this problem and build useful tools, we explore in two directions. Firstly, we …
Model Checking Approach To Automated Planning, Yi Li, Jin Song Dong, Jing Sun, Yang Liu, Jun Sun
Model Checking Approach To Automated Planning, Yi Li, Jin Song Dong, Jing Sun, Yang Liu, Jun Sun
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Model checking provides a way to automatically explore the state space of a finite state system based on desired properties, whereas planning is to produce a sequence of actions that leads from the initial state to the target goal states. Previous research in this field proposed a number of approaches for connecting model checking with planning problem solving. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using an established model checking framework, Process Analysis Toolkit (PAT), as a planning solution provider for upper layer applications. To achieve this, we first carry out a number of experiments on different model checking …
Towards Formal Modelling And Verification Of Pervasive Computing Systems, Yan Liu, Xian Zhang, Yang Liu, Jin Song Dong, Jun Sun, Jit Biswas, Mounir Mokhtari
Towards Formal Modelling And Verification Of Pervasive Computing Systems, Yan Liu, Xian Zhang, Yang Liu, Jin Song Dong, Jun Sun, Jit Biswas, Mounir Mokhtari
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Smart systems equipped with emerging pervasive computing technologies enable people with limitations to live in their homes independently. However, lack of guarantees for correctness prevent such system to be widely used. Analysing the system with regard to correctness requirements is a challenging task due to the complexity of the system and its various unpredictable faults. In this work, we propose to use formal methods to analyse pervasive computing (PvC) systems. Firstly, a formal modelling framework is proposed to cover the main characteristics of such systems (e.g., context-awareness, concurrent communications, layered architectures). Secondly, we identify the safety requirements (e.g., free of …
Learning Assumptions For Compositional Verification Of Timed Systems, Shang-Wei Lin Lin, Yang Liu, Jun Sun, Jun Sun
Learning Assumptions For Compositional Verification Of Timed Systems, Shang-Wei Lin Lin, Yang Liu, Jun Sun, Jun Sun
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Compositional techniques such as assume-guarantee reasoning (AGR) can help to alleviate the state space explosion problem associated with model checking. However, compositional verification is difficult to be automated, especially for timed systems, because constructing appropriate assumptions for AGR usually requires human creativity and experience. To automate compositional verification of timed systems, we propose a compositional verification framework using a learning algorithm for automatic construction of timed assumptions for AGR. We prove the correctness and termination of the proposed learning-based framework, and experimental results show that our method performs significantly better than traditional monolithic timed model checking.
Sherlock: Microenvironment Sensing For Smartphones, Zheng Yang, Longfei Shangguan, Weixi Gu, Zimu Zhou, Chenshu Wu, Yunhao Liu
Sherlock: Microenvironment Sensing For Smartphones, Zheng Yang, Longfei Shangguan, Weixi Gu, Zimu Zhou, Chenshu Wu, Yunhao Liu
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Context-awareness is getting increasingly important for a range of mobile and pervasive applications on nowadays smartphones. Whereas human-centric contexts (e.g., indoor/ outdoor, at home/in office, driving/walking) have been extensively researched, few attempts have studied from phones’ perspective (e.g., on table/sofa, in pocket/bag/hand). We refer to such immediate surroundings as micro-environment, usually several to a dozen of centimeters, around a phone. In this study, we design and implement Sherlock, a micro-environment sensing platform that automatically records sensor hints and characterizes the micro-environment of smartphones. The platform runs as a daemon process on a smartphone and provides finer-grained environment information to upper …
Loki: A Privacy-Conscious Platform For Crowdsourced Surveys, Thivya Kandappu, Vijay Sivaraman, Arik Friedman, Roksana Boreli
Loki: A Privacy-Conscious Platform For Crowdsourced Surveys, Thivya Kandappu, Vijay Sivaraman, Arik Friedman, Roksana Boreli
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Emerging platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turk and Google Consumer Surveys are increasingly being used by researchers and market analysts to crowdsource large-scale survey data from on-line populations at extremely low-cost. However, by participating in successive surveys, users risk being profiled and targeted, both by surveyors and by the platform itself. In this paper we propose, develop, and evaluate the design of a crowdsourcing platform, called Loki, that is privacy conscious. Our contributions are three-fold: (a) We propose Loki, a system that allows users to obfuscate their (ratings-based or multiple-choice) responses at-source based on their chosen privacy level, and gives …
Wenzher: Comprehensive Vertical Search For Healthcare Domain, Liqiang Nie, Tao Li, Mohammad Akbari, Jialie Shen, Tat-Seng Chua
Wenzher: Comprehensive Vertical Search For Healthcare Domain, Liqiang Nie, Tao Li, Mohammad Akbari, Jialie Shen, Tat-Seng Chua
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Online health seeking has transformed the way of health knowledge exchange and reusability. The existing general and vertical health search engines, however, just routinely return lists of matched documents or question answer (QA) pairs, which may overwhelm the seekers or not sufficiently meet the seekers’ expectations. Instead, our multilingual system is able to return one multi-faceted answer that is well-structured and precisely extracted from multiple heterogeneous healthcare sources. Further, should the seekers not be satisfied with the returned search results, our system can automatically route the unsolved questions to the professionals with relevant expertise
Strategic Decision Support System Using Heuristic Algorithm For Practical Outlet Zones Allocation To Dealers In A Beer Supply Distribution Network, Michelle Lee Fong Cheong
Strategic Decision Support System Using Heuristic Algorithm For Practical Outlet Zones Allocation To Dealers In A Beer Supply Distribution Network, Michelle Lee Fong Cheong
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
We consider a two-echelon beer supply distribution network with the brewer replenishing the dealers and the dealers serving the outlet zones directly, for multiple product types. The allocation of the outlet zones to the dealers will determine the quantity of products the brewer replenishes each dealer, which will in turn impact the total warehousing and transportation costs. The non-linear optimization model formulated is difficult to solve to optimality, and the model itself does not include practical business considerations in the distribution business. A heuristics algorithm is designed and easily implemented using spreadsheets with Visual Basic programming to effectively and efficiently …
Measuring And Modelling The Thermal Performance Of The Tamar Suspension Bridge Using A Wireless Sensor Network, Nicholas De Battista, James M. W. Brownjohn, Hwee-Pink Tan, Ki Young Koo
Measuring And Modelling The Thermal Performance Of The Tamar Suspension Bridge Using A Wireless Sensor Network, Nicholas De Battista, James M. W. Brownjohn, Hwee-Pink Tan, Ki Young Koo
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
A study on the thermal performance of the Tamar Suspension Bridge deck in Plymouth, UK, is presented in this paper. Ambient air, suspension cable, deck and truss temperatures were acquired using a wired sensor system. Deck extension data were acquired using a two-hop wireless sensor network. Empirical models relating the deck extension to various combinations of temperatures were derived and compared. The most accurate model, which used all the four temperature variables, predicted the deck extension with an accuracy of 99.4%. Time delays ranging from 10 to 66 min were identified between the daily cycles of the air temperature and …
Free Market Of Crowdsourcing: Incentive Mechanism Design For Mobile Sensing, Xinglin Zhang, Zheng Yang, Zimu Zhou, Haibin Cai, Lei Chen, Xiang-Yang Li
Free Market Of Crowdsourcing: Incentive Mechanism Design For Mobile Sensing, Xinglin Zhang, Zheng Yang, Zimu Zhou, Haibin Cai, Lei Chen, Xiang-Yang Li
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Off-the-shelf smartphones have boosted large scale participatory sensing applications as they are equipped with various functional sensors, possess powerful computation and communication capabilities, and proliferate at a breathtaking pace. Yet the low participation level of smartphone users due to various resource consumptions, such as time and power, remains a hurdle that prevents the enjoyment brought by sensing applications. Recently, some researchers have done pioneer works in motivating users to contribute their resources by designing incentive mechanisms, which are able to provide certain rewards for participation. However, none of these works considered smartphone users’ nature of opportunistically occurring in the area …
Free Market Of Crowdsourcing: Incentive Mechanism Design For Mobile Sensing, Xinglin Zhang, Zheng Yang, Zimu Zhou, Haibin Cai, Lei Chen, Xiang-Yang Li
Free Market Of Crowdsourcing: Incentive Mechanism Design For Mobile Sensing, Xinglin Zhang, Zheng Yang, Zimu Zhou, Haibin Cai, Lei Chen, Xiang-Yang Li
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Off-the-shelf smartphones have boosted large scale participatory sensing applications as they are equipped with various functional sensors, possess powerful computation and communication capabilities, and proliferate at a breathtaking pace. Yet the low participation level of smartphone users due to various resource consumptions, such as time and power, remains a hurdle that prevents the enjoyment brought by sensing applications. Recently, some researchers have done pioneer works in motivating users to contribute their resources by designing incentive mechanisms, which are able to provide certain rewards for participation. However, none of these works considered smartphone users’ nature of opportunistically occurring in the area …
Complexity Of The Soundness Problem Of Workflow Nets, Guan Jun Liu, Jun Sun, Yang Liu, Jin Song Dong
Complexity Of The Soundness Problem Of Workflow Nets, Guan Jun Liu, Jun Sun, Yang Liu, Jin Song Dong
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Classical workflow nets (WF-nets for short) are an important subclass of Petri nets that are widely used to model and analyze workflow systems. Soundness is a crucial property of workflow systems and guarantees that these systems are deadlock-free and bounded. Aalst et al. proved that the soundness problem is decidable for WF-nets and can be polynomially solvable for free-choice WF-nets. This paper proves that the soundness problem is PSPACE-hard for WF-nets. Furthermore, it is proven that the soundness problem is PSPACE-complete for bounded WF-nets. Based on the above conclusion, it is derived that the soundness problem is also PSPACE-complete for …
The Challenge Of Continuous Mobile Context Sensing, Rajesh Krishna Balan, Youngki Lee, Kiat Wee Tan, Archan Misra
The Challenge Of Continuous Mobile Context Sensing, Rajesh Krishna Balan, Youngki Lee, Kiat Wee Tan, Archan Misra
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
In this paper, we highlight the challenge of continuously sensing context data from mobile phones. In particular, we show that the energy cost of this type of continuous sensing is extremely high if a) accuracy is desired, and b) power optimisations do not work well if multiple tasks are sensing concurrently. Our results are derived from our experience in building the LiveLabs context sensing platform. We present results for different types of sensing tasks; ranging from simple sensing using just one sensor all the way to multi-sensor sensing performed by concurrent high-level tasks. We end with a discussion of the …
Privacy-Preserving Ad-Hoc Equi-Join On Outsourced Data, Hwee Hwa Pang, Xuhua Ding
Privacy-Preserving Ad-Hoc Equi-Join On Outsourced Data, Hwee Hwa Pang, Xuhua Ding
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
In IT outsourcing, a user may delegate the data storage and query processing functions to a third-party server that is not completely trusted. This gives rise to the need to safeguard the privacy of the database as well as the user queries over it. In this article, we address the problem of running ad hoc equi-join queries directly on encrypted data in such a setting. Our contribution is the first solution that achieves constant complexity per pair of records that are evaluated for the join. After formalizing the privacy requirements pertaining to the database and user queries, we introduce a …
Online Portfolio Selection: A Survey, Bin Li, Steven C. H. Hoi
Online Portfolio Selection: A Survey, Bin Li, Steven C. H. Hoi
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Online portfolio selection is a fundamental problem in computational finance, which has been extensively studied across several research communities, including finance, statistics, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data mining. This article aims to provide a comprehensive survey and a structural understanding of online portfolio selection techniques published in the literature. From an online machine learning perspective, we first formulate online portfolio selection as a sequential decision problem, and then we survey a variety of state-of-the-art approaches, which are grouped into several major categories, including benchmarks, Follow-the-Winner approaches, Follow-the-Loser approaches, Pattern-Matching--based approaches, and Meta-Learning Algorithms. In addition to the problem formulation …
Online Multiple Kernel Similarity Learning For Visual Search, Hao Xia, Chu Hong Hoi, Rong Jin, Peilin Zhao
Online Multiple Kernel Similarity Learning For Visual Search, Hao Xia, Chu Hong Hoi, Rong Jin, Peilin Zhao
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Recent years have witnessed a number of studies on distance metric learning to improve visual similarity search in content-based image retrieval (CBIR). Despite their successes, most existing methods on distance metric learning are limited in two aspects. First, they usually assume the target proximity function follows the family of Mahalanobis distances, which limits their capacity of measuring similarity of complex patterns in real applications. Second, they often cannot effectively handle the similarity measure of multimodal data that may originate from multiple resources. To overcome these limitations, this paper investigates an online kernel similarity learning framework for learning kernel-based proximity functions …
Cross-Domain Password-Based Authenticated Key Exchange Revisited, Liqun Chen, Hoon Wei Lim, Guomin Yang
Cross-Domain Password-Based Authenticated Key Exchange Revisited, Liqun Chen, Hoon Wei Lim, Guomin Yang
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
We revisit the problem of secure cross-domain communication between two users belonging to different security domains within an open and distributed environment. Existing approaches presuppose that either the users are in possession of public key certificates issued by a trusted certificate authority (CA), or the associated domain authentication servers share a long-term secret key. In this article, we propose a generic framework for designing four-party password-based authenticated key exchange (4PAKE) protocols. Our framework takes a different approach from previous work. The users are not required to have public key certificates, but they simply reuse their login passwords, which they share …
On Empirical Validation Of Compactness Measures For Electoral Redistricting And Its Significance For Application Of Models In The Social Sciences, Christine Chou, Steven O. Kimbrough, Frederic H. Murphy, John Sullivan-Fedock, C. Jason Woodard
On Empirical Validation Of Compactness Measures For Electoral Redistricting And Its Significance For Application Of Models In The Social Sciences, Christine Chou, Steven O. Kimbrough, Frederic H. Murphy, John Sullivan-Fedock, C. Jason Woodard
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Use of optimization models in science and policy applications is often problematic because the best available models are very inaccurate representations of the originating problems. Such is the case with electoral districting models, for which there exist no generally accepted measures of compactness, in spite of many proposals and much analytical study. This article reports on an experimental investigation of subjective judgments of compactness for electoral districts. The experiment draws on a unique database of 116 distinct, legally valid districting plans for the Philadelphia City Council, discovered with evolutionary computation. Subjects in the experiment displayed, in the aggregate, remarkable agreement …