Digital Commons Network^™

Extreme Horizontal Wind Perturbations In The Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere Over South America Associated With The 2022 Hunga Eruption, Facundo L. Poblet, Jorge L. Chau, J. Federico Conte, Juha Vierinen, Jose Suclupe, Alan Liu, Rodolfo R. Rodriguez

Publications

On 15 January 2022, the Hunga volcano produced a massive explosion that generated perturbations in the entire atmosphere. Nonetheless, signatures in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) have been challenging to identify. We report MLT horizontal wind perturbations using three multistatic specular meteor radars on the west side of South America (spanning more than 3,000 km). The most notorious signal is an exceptional solitary wave with a large vertical wavelength observed around 18 UT at all three sites, with an amplitude of ∼50 m/s mainly in the westward direction. Using a customized analysis, the wave is characterized as traveling at …

Bayesian Inference For The White Dwarf Initial-Final Mass Relation, Nathan Stein, Ted Von Hippel, David Van Dyk, Steven Degennaro, Elizabeth Jeffery, Bill Jefferys

Publications

Stars lose mass as they age, and understanding mass loss is important for understanding stellar evolution. The initial-final mass relation (IFMR) is the relationship between a white dwarf’s initial mass on the main sequence and its final mass. We have developed a new method for fitting the IFMR based on a Bayesian analysis of photometric observations, combining deterministic models of stellar evolution in an internally coherent way. No mass data are used. Our method yields precise inferences (with uncertainties) for a parameterized linear IFMR. Our method can also return posterior distributions of white dwarf initial and final masses.

Databases And Inter-Connectivity In Ground-Based Astronomy, Ted Von Hippel, C. M. Mountain

Publications

Optical and infrared ground-based astronomy is undergoing a renaissance. Advances in material technology, system modeling, and the ability to correct atmospheric distortions in real time have produced a new generation of powerful, large telescopes. An equally profound revolution stems from the availability of large observational databases that span the electromagnetic spectrum. The increased use of such databases as well as the need to operate the new telescopes efficiently requires the development of a National or International Virtual Observatory to set standards for astronomical database formats, data quality assurance, and access protocols, and also to provide all-inclusive centers for data products.

Model-Driven Analysis Of Ecg Using Reinforcement Learning, Christian O'Reilly, Sai Durga Rithvik Oruganti, Deepa Tilwani, Jessica Bradshaw

Publications

Modeling is essential to better understand the generative mechanisms responsible for experimental observations gathered from complex systems. In this work, we are using such an approach to analyze the electrocardiogram (ECG). We present a systematic framework to decompose ECG signals into sums of overlapping lognormal components. We use reinforcement learning to train a deep neural network to estimate the modeling parameters from an ECG recorded in babies from 1 to 24 months of age. We demonstrate this model-driven approach by showing how the extracted parameters vary with age. From the 751,510 PQRST complexes modeled, 82.7% provided a signal-to-noise ratio that …

When Is An Owl More Than An Owl? An Interaction Analysis Of A Computer Science Co-Design Conversation On Cultural Relevance, Stephanie M. Robillard, Victor R. Lee, Jody Clarke-Midura, Jessica F. Shumway

Publications

The learning sciences community is currently exploring new ways to enact productive and equitable co-design research-practice partnerships that are sensitive to all the concerns and needs of stakeholders. The paper contributes to that still-growing literature through an interaction analysis of a co-design discussion involving school district partners that unfolded about cultural relevance and sensitivity in relation to the use of a specific image in an elementary school coding lesson. The episode involved looking moment-by-moment at how district educators recognized and acknowledged that a specific design decision could be harmful for a minoritized population of students enrolled in the district. However, …

Hyflex Pedagogy: Six Strategies Supported By Design-Based Research, Emily Howell, Koti Lee Hubbard, Sandra Linder, Stephanie M. Madison, Joseph Ryan, William C. Bridges

Publications

Purpose–This study investigates the following research question: What pedagogical strategies are necessary for the success of the project? The findings to this question are based in new media literacies and help to further pedagogy in an emerging HyFlex model while also grounding in needed theorization.

Design/methodology/approach–This study uses design-based research(DBR) across two iterations and four doctoral, higher education courses, using mixed methods of data collection and analysis.

Findings–Six pedagogical strategies influential for HyFlex research are presented, each grounded in a new media literacy skill.

Originality/value–These six pedagogical strategies help practitioners grappling with the HyFlex or blended learning model merge traditional …

On The Measurement Of Nakazima Testing Based Out-Of-Plane Forming Limit Curves Using 2d Digital Image Correlation, Akshat Agha, Fadi Abu-Farha

Publications

The strain compensation method for measuring in-plane forming limit curves (FLCs) using 2D digital image correlation developed previously [A method of measuring in-plane forming limit curves using 2D Digital Image Correlation, SAE Int. J. Mater. Manf., 2023] was modified and extended to more versatile and popular out-of-plane FLCs. The current study introduces a straightforward strain compensation technique for measuring Nakazima testing based out-of-plane FLCs utilizing an affordable single-camera (2D) DIC system. In this study, forming tests are performed on two automotive-grade sheet metal alloys: DP980 steel and a 6xxx series aluminum alloy using the Nakazima test method. The experiments are …

Composites 4.0: Enabling The Modernization Of Legacy Manufacturing Assets In South Carolina, Amit Makarand Deshpande, Gayatri Keskar, Sai Aditya Pradeep, Saeed Farahani, Srikanth Pilla

Publications

Composites 4.0 is the implementation of Industry 4.0 concepts to plastics and composites manufacturing with the goal to overcome the complexities associated with these materials. Due to very complex process-structure-property relationships associated with plastics and composites, a wide range of process parameters need to be tracked and monitored. Furthermore, these parameters are often affected by the tool and machinery, human intervention and variability and should thus, be monitored by integrating intelligence and connectivity in manufacturing systems. Retrofitting legacy manufacturing systems with modern sensing and control systems is emerging as one of the more cost-effective approaches as it circumvents the substantial …

Deconstructing The Team Using Documentation And Cross-Training To Maintain Coverage During Times Of Crisis, Renna Redd, Maggie Mason Smith

Publications

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on higher education, the Clemson University Libraries’ Resource Sharing Team had the opportunity to scale up our practice of creating and sharing process documentation in order to maintain continuity of services regardless of various disruptions. In March 2020, Clemson University Libraries, like many other academic libraries, suspended onsite operations for a brief time period due to the spread of COVID-19 in order to determine how best to provide information services safely to all patrons regardless of location. Because of limited access to library and other campus buildings, library administration authorized only a few employees …

Relationship Between Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors And Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Prescribing And Delirium In The Icu-A Secondary Analysis, Malissa A. Mulkey Phd, Aprn, Ccns, Ccrn, Cnrn, Sikandar Khan, Anthony Perkins, Sujuan Gao, Sophia Wang, Noll Campbell, Babar Khan

Publications

As many as 80% of critically ill patients develop delirium increasing the need for institutionalization and higher morbidity and mortality. Clinicians detect less than 40% of delirium when using a validated screening tool. EEG is the criterion standard but is resource intensive thus not feasible for widespread delirium monitoring. This study evaluated the use of limited-lead rapid-response EEG and supervised deep learning methods with vision transformer to predict delirium. This proof-of-concept study used a prospective design to evaluate use of supervised deep learning with vision transformer and a rapid-response EEG device for predicting delirium in mechanically ventilated critically ill older …

The Impact Of Retrofitted Ventilation Approaches On Long-Range Airborne Infection Risk For Lecture Room Environments: Design Stage Methodology And Application, Adam O'Donovan

Publications

There is a continued need to improve the energy (and by extension carbon) performance of the existing building stock in Europe and globally. Recent experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic have demanded even more of the built environment disciplines when it comes to air quality and ventilation rates particularly in teaching environments which are seen as necessary developmental sectors for the learning of the population. As such it is important that these spaces are safe for students and staff where, until now, infectious disease risk assessments were not typical. In addition to this, there is a risk that envelope refurbishment (which …

Issue Of Data Imbalance On Low Birthweight Baby Outcomes Prediction And Associated Risk Factors Identification: Establishment Of Benchmarking Key Machine Learning Models With Data Rebalancing Strategies, Yang Ren, Dezhi Wu, Yan Tong, Ana Lopéz-De Fede, Sarah Gareau

Publications

Background: Low birthweight (LBW) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality in the United States and a major causative factor of adverse health effects in newborns. Identifying high-risk patients early in prenatal care is crucial to preventing adverse outcomes. Previous studies have proposed various machine learning (ML) models for LBW prediction task, but they were limited by small and imbalanced data sets. Some authors attempted to address this through different data rebalancing methods. However, most of their reported performances did not reflect the models’ actual performance in real-life scenarios. To date, few studies have successfully benchmarked the performance of ML …

Blurred Boundaries: Sussing Out Thresholds Between Wac And Wpa In Administrative Professionalization, Amy T. Cicchino, Mandy Olejnik, Christina Lavecchia, Al Harahap

Publications

Over the past 50 years, the field of WAC has increasingly shifted from discussions of starting programs to efforts of sustaining programs (Cox, Galin, & Melzer, 2018). Similarly, WAC pedagogical support has moved from the oneoff workshop model of “writing-to-learn” pedagogy (Walvoord, 1996) to other models of effecting long-term change with faculty (Glotfelter, Updike, & Wardle, 2020; Martin, 2021). Alongside these programmatic and pedagogical trends, we argue that WAC administrative support and professionalization need to similarly grow. To work toward sustainability as a field, we need to (re)consider the professionalization of WAC administrators—both in graduate school and throughout their careers.

Supervised Deep Learning With Vision Transformer Predicts Delirium Using Limited Lead Eeg, Malissa A. Mulkey Phd, Aprn, Ccns, Ccrn, Cnrn, Huyunting Huang, Thomas Albanese, Sunghan Kim, Baijian Yang Ph.D.

Publications

UNLABELLED: Critically ill patients with COVID-19 experience high rates of delirium and coma. Whether delirium occurs through novel mechanisms in COVID-19 is not known. We analyzed the relationship among biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]), hypercoagulability (d-dimer), and lung macrophage activation (ferritin), and the primary composite outcome of delirium/coma next day. We also measured associations between biomarkers and next day delirium and coma independently, and delirium severity. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational cohort study. SETTING: ICUs at two large, urban, academic referral hospitals. PATIENTS: All consecutive adult patients admitted to the ICU from March 1, 2020, to June 7, 2020, with COVID-19 …

The Diffuse Ionized Gas Halo Of The Large Magellanic Cloud, L. M. Haffner, B. M. Smart, K. A. Barger, D. A. Ciampa, A. S. Hill, D. Krishnarao, G. J. Madsen

Publications

The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) has an extensive Hα emission halo that traces an extended, warm ionized component of its interstellar medium. Using the Wisconsin Hα Mapper telescope, we present the first kinematic Hα survey of an extensive region around the LMC, from (ℓ, b) = (264°.5, − 45°.5) to (295°.5, − 19°.5), covering +150 <= vLSR <= + 390 km s−1 . We find that ionized hydrogen exists throughout the galaxy and extends several degrees beyond detected neutral hydrogen emission (log 18.3 ( )) NH cm I -2 » as traced by 21 cm in current surveys. Using the column density structure of the neutral gas and stellar line-of-sight depths as a guide, we estimate the upper limit mass of the ionized component of the LMC to be roughly Mionized ≈ (0.6–1.8) × 109 M☉, which is comparable to the total neutral atomic gas mass in the same region (Mneutral ≈ 0.76–0.85 × 109 M☉). Considering only the atomic phases, we find Mionized/Mionized+neutral, to be 46%–68% throughout the LMC and its extended halo. Additionally, we find an ionized gas cloud that extends off of the LMC at (ℓ, b) ≈ (285°, − 28°) into a region previously identified as the Leading Arm complex. This gas is moving at a similar line-of-sight velocity as the LMC and has Mionized/Mionized+neutral = 13%–51%. This study, combined with previous studies of the SMC and extended structures of the Magellanic Clouds, continues to suggest that warm, ionized gas is as massive and dynamically important as the neutral gas in the Magellanic System.

Involving Athletes: Implementing A Human Resource Development Approach Among The Ncaa And Member Institutions, Angela D. Carter, Sarah Stokowski, Chris Corr, Skye G. Arthur-Banning

Publications

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Near-Façade Flow In Wind-Dominant Single-Sided Natural Ventilation For An Isolated Three-Storey Building: An Les Study, Nima Najafi Ziarani, Malcolm J. Cook, Farnood Freidooni, Paul D. O'Sullivan

Publications

Wind-driven single-sided ventilation is present in many existing buildings globally, and its performance can be unreliable and challenging to improve. To address these performance challenges, a better understanding of the interconnected relationship between the external and internal flows is required. Therefore, a detailed assessment of this type of natural ventilation is vital. A detailed CFD analysis of wind-dominant single-sided natural ventilation is presented by adopting the Large Eddy Simulation method, validated using previous wind tunnel studies. An isolated cube, representing a three-storey building, was used to investigate four case studies with different opening positions on the building façade. The …

Trends In The Incidence Of Head And Neck Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Study, Tzong-Hann Yang, Sudha Xirasagar Mbbs., Ph.D., Yen-Fu Cheng, Chin-Shyan Chen, Wei-Pin Chang, Herng-Ching Lin

Publications

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to demonstrate the temporal trend in incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) in Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with a HNC were retrieved from the Taiwan's Health Insurance Database. We identified 16,894 patients aged ≥20 years who had received a first-time diagnosis of cancer of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx, sinonasal, salivary gland or thyroid gland between 2010 and 2018. We calculated the annual incidence rate per 100,000 population, overall, and classified by gender and cancer type. We also used the annual percent change (APC) to characterize trends in head and neck cancer …

The Effect Of Advection On The Three Dimensional Distribution Of Turbulent Kinetic Energy And Its Generation In Idealized Tropical Cyclone Simulations, Joshua B. Wadler, David S. Nolan, Jun A. Zhang, Lynn K. Shay, Joseph B. Olsen, Joseph J. Cione

Publications

The distribution of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and its budget terms is estimated in simulated tropical cyclones (TCs) of various intensities. Each simulated TC is subject to storm motion, wind shear, and oceanic coupling. Different storm intensities are achieved through different ocean profiles in the model initialization. For each oceanic profile, the atmospheric simulations are performed with and without TKE advection. In all simulations, the TKE is maximized at low levels (i.e., below 1 km) and ∼0.5 km radially inward of the azimuthal-mean radius of maximum wind speed at 1-km height. As in a previous study, the axisymmetric TKE decreases …

The Effect Of Airflow Guiding Components On Effective Ventilation Rates In Single-Sided Ventilation Applications, Nima Najafi Ziarani, Malcolm Cook, Paul D. O’Sullivan

Publications

Wind-driven single-sided ventilation (SSV) is present in many existing buildings across Europe, and with new near-zero energy building (NZEB) regulations for the refurbishment of the existing building stock, its attractiveness as a noninvasive, low-energy solution is set to continue. As a strategy, however, in addition to its air change rate capacity, the distribution of fresh air is an important evaluation criterion for its performance. Airflow guiding components located in the external opening that enhance the effectiveness of the wind-driven flow in ventilating the occupied zone could improve the quality of indoor environments. To our knowledge, the literature is sparse on …

Effectiveness Of A Question Formulation Rubric With Second-Year Medical Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Jonathan D. Eldredge, Melissa A. Schiff, Jens Langsjoen

Publications

OBJECTIVE: The FAC (Focus, Amplify, Compose) rubric for assessing medical students' question formulation skills normally accompanies our Evidence Based Practice (EBP) training. The combined training and assessment rubric have improved student scores significantly. How much does the rubric itself contribute to improved student scores? This study sought to measure student improvement using the rubric either with or without a linked 25-minute training session.

METHODS: Randomized Controlled Trial. The authors tested the hypothesis that a 25-minute training session combined with use of a rubric would lead to higher scores than a brief explanation of this rubric alone. All 72 participating second-year …

Flying Under The Radar: A Survey Of Collegiate Pilots’ Mental Health To Identify Aeromedical Nondisclosure And Healthcare-Seeking Behaviors, Emily Faulconer, Lauren Pitts

Publications

The disclosure of a new or existing mental health condition in a pilot complicates their medical certification status. It has been proposed that the threat of losing medical certification often discourages pilots from seeking treatment for mental health issues or disclosing such information to aeromedical professionals, contributing to a barrier to seeking healthcare that affects pilots of all certification levels. The current study focused on the nondisclosure and healthcare-seeking behaviors of the collegiate pilot population(N = 2,452)at a large, accredited, private institution that offers flight training in accordance with Pilot Schools (2022). Data collected from our anonymous online survey over …

Flying Under The Radar: A Survey Of Collegiate Pilots’ Mental Health To Identify Aeromedical Nondisclosure And Healthcare-Seeking Behaviors, Lauren Pitts, Emily Faulconer

Publications

The disclosure of a new or existing mental health condition in a pilot complicates their medical certification status. It has been proposed that the threat of losing medical certification often discourages pilots from seeking treatment for mental health issues or disclosing such information to aeromedical professionals, contributing to a barrier to seeking healthcare that affects pilots of all certification levels. The current study focused on the nondisclosure and healthcare-seeking behaviors of the collegiate pilot population(N = 2,452)at a large, accredited, private institution that offers flight training in accordance with Pilot Schools (2022). Data collected from our anonymous online survey over …

Effect Of Protective Cladding On The Fire Performance Of Vertically Loaded Cross-Laminated Timber (Clt) Wall Panels, Muhammad Yasir, Andrew Macilwraith, Conan O'Ceallaigh, Kieran Ruane

Publications

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a sustainable engineered wood product which is utilised in modern multi-storey timber buildings. The fire behaviour of timber structures is often a concern due to their combustible nature. In this paper, experimental fire testing of CLT panels made of Irish spruce was performed. This series of tests consisted of four vertically loaded CLT wall panels which were tested under Standard fire curves in the Structural Laboratory of Munster Technological University, Cork (MTU). To improve the fire performance of CLT panels, different types of protective claddings were used. The effectiveness of each system of protection has been …

Examining Teachers' Beliefs About 3d Learning: The Importance Of Analyzing Multiple Data Sources, Jessie Nixon, Colin Hennessy Elliott, Jefferey B. Bush, Mimi Recker

Publications

While teachers’ beliefs about curricular reforms such as NGSS and 3D learning (science practices, disciplinary core ideas, and crosscutting concepts) often influence whether or not they enact these practices in the science classroom, it is unclear if changes in beliefs influence practices or if engaging in new teaching practices changes teachers’ beliefs. Through a comparative case study, we examine how two science teachers' beliefs about 3D learning related to their implementation of a science unit introducing students to a sensor-based physical computing system. We found that it was necessary to triangulate multiple data sources to better understand teachers’ beliefs. We …

Accelerating Atmospheric Gravity Wave Simulations Using Machine Learning: Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability And Mountain Wave Sources Driving Gravity Wave Breaking And Secondary Gravity Wave Generation, Wenjun Dong, David Fritts, Alan Z. Liu, Hanli Liu, Jonathan Snively

Publications

Gravity waves (GWs) and their associated multi-scale dynamics are known to play fundamental roles in energy and momentum transport and deposition processes throughout the atmosphere. We describe an initial, two-dimensional (2-D), machine learning model – the Compressible Atmosphere Model Network (CAMNet) - intended as a first step toward a more general, three-dimensional, highly-efficient, model for applications to nonlinear GW dynamics description. CAMNet employs a physics-informed neural operator to dramatically accelerate GW and secondary GW (SGW) simulations applied to two GW sources to date. CAMNet is trained on high-resolution simulations by the state-of-the-art model Complex Geometry Compressible Atmosphere Model (CGCAM). Two …

Rethinking Integrated Computer Science Instruction: A Cross-Context And Expansive Approach In Elementary Classrooms, Umar Shehzad, Jody E. Clarke-Midura, Kimberly Beck, Jessica F. Shumway, Mimi M. Recker

Publications

This study examines how a rural-serving school district aimed to provide elementary level computer science (CS) by offering instruction during students’ computer lab, a class taught by paraprofessional educators with limited background in computing. As part of a research practice partnership, cross-context mathematics and CS lessons were co-designed to expansively frame and highlight connections across – as opposed to integration within – the two subjects. Findings indicate that the paraprofessionals teaching the lessons generally reported positive experiences and understanding of content; however, those less comfortable with the content reported lower student interest. Further, most students who engaged with the lessons …

Sample Questions Formulated By Medical Students For Block Assignment, Jonathan Eldredge, Melissa A. Schiff, Jens O. Langsjoen

Publications

Medical students in the Quantitative Medicine Block completed an Evidence Based Practice (EBP) assignment worth 10% of the final Block grade. The question formulation segment was worth 50% of the assignment score. Students received instructions with an designated subject and some parameters for developing their own EBP questions using the rubric. This supplementary material offers some noteworthy formulated student questions.

Differences In Pathogenesis-Related Protein Expression And Polyphenolic Compound Accumulation Reveal Insights Into Tomato-Pythium Aphanidermatum Interaction, Seham A. Soliman, Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar, Sherien Sobhy, Marwa A. Samy, Esraa Hamdy, Omaima A. Sharaf, Yiming Su, Said I. Behiry, Ahmed Abdelkhalek

Publications

Plant diseases significantly reduce crop yields, threatening food security and agricultural sustainability. Fungi are the most destructive type of phytopathogen, and they are responsible for major yield losses in some of the most crucial crops grown across the world. In this study, a fungus isolate was detected from infected tomato plants and molecularly identified as Pythium aphanidermatum (GenBank accession number MW725032). This fungus caused damping-off disease and was shown to be pathogenic. Moreover, the expression of five pathogenesis-related genes, namely PR-1, PR-2, PR-3, PR-4, and PR-5, was quantitatively evaluated under the inoculation of tomato with …

The Salinity Of The Great Salt Lake And Its Deep Brine Layer, Madeline F. Merck, David G. Tarboton

Publications

The Great Salt Lake is a highly saline terminal lake with considerable fluctuations in water surface elevation and salinity. The lake is divided into two arms by a railroad causeway. River inflows enter the larger south arm, while the north arm only receives minimal surface runoff. Evaporation from both arms and limited exchange of water and salt through causeway openings result in complex water and salinity processes in the lake. The north arm is typically homogeneous and close to saturation. The south arm is typically stratified with periodic occurrences of a deep brine layer. This paper analyzes the lake’s long-term …