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Journal Of The Community Development Society Vol. 28 No. 01, Center For Public Affairs Research (Cpar)

Publications

Community Development Journal covers political, economic and social programmes that link the activities of people with institutions and government. Issues covered include, for example, community action, village, town and regional planning, community studies, and rural development.

Boundaries Of Trust And Confidence: Negotiating Evaluation And Research Constraints In The Context Of Kentucky's Systemic Reform, Lois Adams-Rodgers, Jane Clark Lindle

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Kentucky's systemic reform initiative has been heralded as one of the more comprehensive and well-sustained reforms in recent history. To evaluate the course of this reform, the challenges associated with researching and evaluating a statewide systemic reform effort are detailed here. By using a description of the politics of evaluating systemic policy at the state level, the paper attempts to fill the gap between the investigation of how policy works and the investigation of how policy is evaluated. An embedded, single-case design was used to study the program over a 3-month period. Examination of the system suggests that the political …

Trance (Tumor Necrosis Factor [Tnf]-Related Activation-Induced Cytokine), A New Tnf Family Member Predominantly Expressed In T Cells, Is A Dendritic Cell-Specific Survival Factor, Brian R. Wong, Régis Josien, Soo-Young Lee

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TRANCE (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-related activation-induced cytokine) is a new member of the TNF family that is induced upon T cell receptor engagement and activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) after interaction with its putative receptor (TRANCE-R). In addition, TRANCE expression is restricted to lymphoid organs and T cells. Here, we show that high levels of TRANCE-R are detected on mature dendritic cells (DCs) but not on freshly isolated B cells, T cells, or macrophages. Signaling by TRANCE-R appears to be dependent on TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), since JNK induction is impaired in cells from transgenic mice overexpressing a dominant …

Dendritic Cells As Adjuvants For Immune-Mediated Resistance To Tumors, Gerold Schuler, Ralph M. Steinman

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[No abstract available]

Book Review, Lakshman Guruswamy

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No abstract provided.

Dutch Uncle Sam: Immigration Reform And Notions Of Family, Lolita Buckner Inniss

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No abstract provided.

Pink Elephants In The Rape Trial: The Problem Of Tort-Type Defenses In The Criminal Law Of Rape, Aya Gruber

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No abstract provided.

Recent Development, Public Housing In Singapore: The Use Of Ends-Based Reasoning In The Quest For A Workable System, Aya Gruber

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No abstract provided.

Differences In Performance Between Oticon Multifocus Compact And Resound Bt2-E Hearing Aids, Michael Valente, Carol A. Sammeth, Lisa G. Potts, Michael K. Wynne, Michelle Wagner-Escobar, Maureen Coughlin

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No abstract provided.

Differences And Intersubject Variability Of Loudness Discomfort Levels Measured In Sound Pressure Level And Hearing Level For Tdh-50p And Er-3a Earphones, Michael Valente, Lisa G. Potts, L. Maureen Valente

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No abstract provided.

On Justifying Special Ethnic Group Rights: Comments On Pogge, S. James Anaya

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No abstract provided.

Brief Of Lone Wolf, Principal Chief Of The Kiowas, To The Supreme Court Of The American Indian Nations, S. James Anaya

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No abstract provided.

Law And Phrenology, Pierre Schlag

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As the intellectual credentials of American law become increasingly dubious, the question arises: how has this discipline been intellectually organized to sustain belief among its academic practitioners? This Commentary explores the nineteenth-century pseudo-science of phrenology as a way of gaining insight into the intellectual organization of American law. Although there are, obviously, significant differences, the parallels are at once striking and edifying. Both phrenology and law emerged as disciplinary knowledges through attempts to cast them in the form of sciences. In both cases, the "sciences" were aesthetically organized around a fundamental ontology of reifications and animisms -- "faculties" in the …

Playing Defense, Robert F. Nagel

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Noting that the Romer opinion condemns the motives behind Amendment 2 without pausing even briefly to examine the social context in which it was enacted, Professor Nagel describes the decision as a model of the intolerant impulse in action. He traces this impulse to the Justices' unwillingness to examine their own role--and that of the rest of the constitutional law establishment--in creating the underlying conditions that produced Amendment 2.

In order to identify those conditions, Professor Nagel analyzes the primary document used by Colorado for Family Values during its campaign on behalf of the initiative. He argues that this document …

Love Without Laziness: Eudaimonia, Medieval Understandings Of Acedia (Sloth), And Dante's Purgatorio Xvii-Xix, David Keck

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A discussion of a person's delight in performing virtuous activities.

Book Review: Barbara Maria Stafford: Good Looking: Essays On The Virtue Of Images, David Keck

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This is Rev. Keck's review of the book, Good Looking: Essays on the Virtue of Images, written by Barbara Stafford, and published by MIT Press, 1996. 259 p.

Book Review, S. James Anaya

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No abstract provided.

Book Review: Stanley M. Burgess: The Holy Spirit: Medieval Roman Catholic And Reformation Traditions (Sixth-Sixteenth Centuries), David Keck

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This is Rev. Keck's review of the book, The Holy Spirit: Medieval Roman Catholic and Reformation Traditions (Sixth-Sixteenth Centuries), written by Stanley Burgess, Hendrickson Publishers, 1997.

Stellar Oxygen Abundances.V.Abundances Of Two Hyades Dwarfs Derived From The 6300 Angstroms [Oi] Line, Jeremy R. King, Daniel D. Hiltgen

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We present observations of the 6300 Å [O I] spectral region in two cool Hyades dwarfs, vB 79 and vB 25. We derive a mean iron abundance, [Fe/H]˜+0.11, in good agreement with recent analyses of F and G Hyades dwarfs. The O abundance derived from spectrum synthesis, [O/H]˜+0.15, is between the values deduced by Garcia Lopez et al. (1993, ApJ, 412, 173; [O/H]=-0.05 to -0.10) and King (1993, Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Hawaii; [O/H]=+0.26), who employed the 7774 Å O I triplet in hotter Hyades dwarfs. An accounting of differences between these two 7774 Å analyses is given. Our …

Constraints On The Origin Of The Remarkable Lithium Abundance In The Halo Star Bd+23 3912, Jeremy R. King, Constantine P. Deliyannis, Ann Merchant Boesgaard

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The Li abundance of the halo star BD+23 3912 ([Fe/H]=-1.5) lies a factor of 2 - 3 above the Spite plateau. This remarkable difference could reflect either less-than-average stellar Li depletion from a higher primordial Li abundance (as predicted by the Yale rotational stellar evolutionary models), which may have interesting implications for Big Bang nucleosynthesis, or the extraordinary action of Galactic Li production mechanisms. It is also possible that both processes have acted. We use our high resolution, high S/N Keck HIRES spectrum of BD+23 3912 to determine the s-process element abundances and 6Li/7Li ratio in this star. These values …

Galactic Evolution Of Silicon Isotopes: Applications To Presolar Sic Grains From Meteorites, F X. Timmes, Donald D. Clayton

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We calculate and discuss the chemical evolution of the isotopic silicon abundances in the interstellar medium (ISM) at distances and times appropriate to the birth of the solar system. This has several objectives, some of which are related to anomalous silicon isotope ratios within presolar grains extracted from meteorites; namely: (1) What is the relative importance for silicon isotopic compositions in the bulk ISM of Type II supernovae, Type Ia supernovae, and AGB stars? (2) Are 29Si and 30Si primary or secondary nucleosynthesis products? (3) In what isotopic direction in a three-isotope plot do core-collapse supernovae of different mass move …

The 9be Abundances Of Alpha Centauri A And B And The Sun: Implications For Stellar Evolution And Mixing, Jeremy R. King, Constantine P. Deliyannis, Ann Merchant Boesgaard

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We present high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra, obtained at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 4 m telescope, of the Be II 3131 Å region in the metal-rich solar analog α Centauri A and its companion α Centauri B. Be abundances are derived relative to the Sun in a consistent fashion via spectrum synthesis. For α Cen A, we find [Be/H] = +0.20 ± 0.15, where the error reflects random uncertainties at the 1 σ confidence level; systematic errors of ~0.1 dex are also possible. The analysis of α Cen B is more uncertain since inadequacies in the line list, which …

A Role For A Rab4-Like Gtpase In Endocytosis And In Regulation Of Contractile Vacuole Structure And Function In Dictyostelium Discoideum, John Bush, Lesly A. Temesvari, Juan Rodriguez-Paris, Greg Buczynski, James Cardelli

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The small Mr Rab4-like GTPase, RabD, localizes to the endosomal pathway and the contractile vacuole membrane system in Dictyostelium discoideum. Stably transformed cell lines overexpressing a dominant negative functioning RabD internalized fluid phase marker at 50% of the rate of wild-type cells. Mutant cells were also slower at recycling internalized fluid. Microscopic and biochemical approaches indicated that the transport of fluid to large postlysosome vacuoles was delayed in mutant cells, resulting in an accumulation in acidic smaller vesicles, probably lysosomes. Also, RabD N121I-expressing cell lines missorted a small but significant percentage of newly synthesized lysosomal alpha-mannosidase precursor polypeptides. However, the …

Omaha's Public Libraries, Center For Public Affairs Research (Cpar)

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The Omaha Public Library began as a subscription library in 1872. The "library" was located in a rented room on 14th Street between Douglas and Dodge with a collection of 2,600 donated books. The Library Association charged an annual fee of $3.00 for membership. In 1877 the State Legislature approved an act allowing the establishment of "free public libraries and reading rooms." That same year the Omaha City Council established the Omaha Public Library at the urging of the Omaha Library Association. The Library opened with a budget of$1,274.80, a librarian, and nine appointed directors, the precursor of the Library …

Implementing The Public Welfare Requirement In New Mexico's Water Code, Consuelo Bokum

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Despite the fact that the New Mexico legislature added a public welfare criterion to the water code over 10 years ago, the State Engineer Office has not addressed the application of the criterion by regulation and has only addressed the public welfare briefly in a few decisions. There is almost no case law in New Mexico addressing this issue. More and more participants, however, are raising public welfare in water rights protests. This paper addresses how the public welfare criterion has developed in western water law and proposes an approach for use of the criterion in New Mexico.

The Double Infared Source Toward The Soft Gamma-Ray Repeater Sgr 1900+14, F. J. Vrba, C. B. Luginbuhl, K. C. Hurley, P. Li, S. R. Kulkarni, M. H. Van Kerkwuk, Dieter H. Hartmann, L. E. Campusano, M. J. Graham, R. G. Clowes

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We report the results of an extensive set of optical and near-infrared photometry and spectroscopy of the double infrared source reported by Hartmann et al. (1995) as a potential counterpart for the Galatic soft gamma-ray repeater SGR 1900 + 14. These objects are found to be variable but otherwise normal M5 supergiant stars at a distance of ~ 12-15 kpc and extinguised by Av ~ 19.2 mag, primarily by the general interstellar medium. We argue that the supergiants are likely gravitationally bround. These stars are positionally coincident with both quiescent X-ray and IRAS sources, suggestive of a yet-undetected third component …

The Angular Power Spectrum Of Batse 3b Gamma-Ray Bursts, Max Tegmark, Dieter H. Hartmann, Michael S. Briggs, Charles A. Meegan

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We compute the angular power spectrum C1 from the BATSE 3B catalog of 1122 gamma-ray burts and find no evidence of clustering on any scale. These constraints bridge the entire range from samall scales (which probe source clustering and burst repetition) to the largest scales (which constrain possible anisotropies from the Galactic hal or from nearby cosmological large-scale structures). We develop an analysis tecnique that takes the angular position errors into account. For specific clustering or repetition models, strong upper limits can be obtained down to scales l ~ 30, corresponding to abou couple of degrees on the sky. The …

The Gamma-Ray Burst Rate At High Photon Energies, Karl Mannheim, Dieter H. Hartmann, Burkhardt Funk

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Some gamma-ray burst (GRB) spectra exhibit high energy tails with the highest photon energy detected at 18 GeV. The spectral slope of the high-energy tails is suffieniently flat in vF, to consider the possibility of their dectection at still higher energies. We calculate how many bursts can resonably be expected above a given energy threshold for a cosmological distribution of bursts satisfying the observed apparent birghtness distribution. The crucial point is that the gamma-ray absorption by pair production in the intergalactic diffuse radiation field climinates burts from beyond the gamma-ray horizion, thus drastically reducing the number of bursts at high …

Overview Of Results From 1994 & 1995 School-Based Decision Making Surveys, Jane Clark Lindle, Bruce S. Gale, Brenda Curry-White

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The 1994 and 1995 School-Based Decision Making (SBDM) Surveys were conducted in the fall of each of those years for the Study of Education Policy. This report compares the 1994 and 1995 responses to three questions: (1) What do people think of the effectiveness of SBDM? (2) Who is involved in the SBDM decisions? and (3) What are councils doing? The discussion focuses on school and district effectiveness, the barriers to SBDM, SBDM trainers' network, parent involvement, efforts to involve minorities and women, council productivity, improvement strategies, and the budget process. Findings show that most people rate SBDM as good …

The Metallicity Dependence Of The Stellar Luminosity And Initial Mass Functions: Hst Observations Of Open And Globular Clusters, Ted Von Hippel, Gerard Gilmore, Nial R. Tanvir, David Robinson, Derek H.P. Jones

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Using HST and the WFPC2 we have acquired very deep V- and I-band photometry of stars in NGC 2420 and NGC 2477 to study cluster luminosity functions at approximately solar metallicity. We have determined these cluster luminosity functions down to MI = 10.5 (0.2 M⊙) and find that the luminosity function of NGC 2420 turns over at MI ≈ 9.0, and possibly stops altogether by MI ≈ 9.5. The luminosity function of NGC 2477 may flatten at MI ≥ 9.5. We compare our open cluster luminosity functions to the solar neighborhood field star luminosity function of Kroupa, Tout \& Gilmore …