Digital Commons Network^™

Cd80+Cd205+ Splenic Dendritic Cells Are Specialized To Induce Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells, Sayuri Yamazaki, Diana Dudziak, Gordon Heidkamp

Publications

Foxp3⁺CD25⁺CD4⁺ regulatory T cells (Treg) mediate immunological self-tolerance and suppress immune responses. A subset of dendritic cells (DCs) in the intestine is specialized to induce Treg in a TGF-β- and retinoic acid-dependent manner to allow for oral tolerance. In this study we compare two major DC subsets from mouse spleen. We find that CD8⁺ DEC-205/CD205⁺ DCs, but not the major fraction of CD8^- DC inhibitory receptor-2 (DCIR2)⁺ DCs, induce functional Foxp3⁺ Treg from Foxp3^- precursors in the presence of low doses of Ag but without added TGF-β. CD8 ^{+ …}

Survival, Nest Success And Productivity Of Female Common Eiders (Somateria Mollissima Dresseri) On Flag Island, Harspwell, Casco Bay, Maine, R. Bradford Allen, Daniel G. Mcauley, Anthony Tur

Publications

In 2008, we concluded the 6th and final year of what was originally designed as a 5-year study to examine survival, recruitment and recovery rates of nesting common eiders (Somateria mollissima dresseri) on Flag Island, Harpswell, Maine. The total breeding population of common eiders on Flag Island was estimated to be about 500 nesting pairs in 2008, which is at the long term estimate of approximately 500-600 nesting pairs for this island. Both the 2007 and 2008 nesting estimates were, however, a marked improvement from the 2006 estimate when only 200 hens actually nested. This low point coincided with the …

Models Of Phototransduction In Rod Photoreceptors, Harihar Khanal, Vasilios Alexiades

Publications

Phototransduction is the process by which photons of light generate an electrical response in retinal rod and cone photoreceptors, thereby initiating vision. We compare the electrical response in salamander rods from increasingly more (spacialy) detailed models of phototransduction: 0-dimensional (bulk), 1-dimensional (longitudinal), 2-dimensional (axisymmetric), and 3-dimensional (with incisures). We discuss issues of finding physical parameters for simulation and validation of models, and also present some computational experiments for rods with geometry of mouse and human photoreceptors.

Feasibility Of Calcium Peroxide As An Oxygen Releasing Compound In Treatment Walls, Lizette R. Chevalier, Charles D. Mccann

Publications

This research investigates the use of a proprietary formulation of powdered calcium peroxide (PermeOx Plus®) as an oxygen releasing compound in a treatment wall. Laboratory scale column studies evaluated the release of oxygen and the permeability effects resulting from a treatment wall mixture of the calcium peroxide and a representative aquifer sand (40-mesh Unimin sand). The mixtures evaluated ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 percent by weight. Influent water was prepared at an average dissolved oxygen concentration of 3.1 mg/L and pumped into the treatment wall soil at a constant rate of 0.17 cm³/sec (0.53 ft³/day) to …

The Essential Law Library Journal, Frank G. Houdek

Publications

As a kickoff to the celebration of the centennial volume of Law Library Journal, Professor Houdek presents a selective, annotated list of "essential" readings culled from the preceding ninety-nine volumes of the Journal. The list represents pieces that anyone involved in law librarianship, whether a novice or someone experienced in the field, should read and absorb.

Two Cyclocoelids From The Lesser Yellowlegs, Tringa Flavipes (Scolopacidae), From The Central Flyway Of North America, Including The Description Of Haematotrephus Selfi N. Sp. (Digenea: Cyclocoelidae), Norman O. Dronen, Scott L. Gardner, F Agustin Jimenez-Ruiz

Publications

Seven specimens of cyclocoelids (6 specimens representing Haematotrephus selfi n. sp. and 1 specimen representing a second unidentified species of Haematotrephus) collected by the late Dr. J. Teague Self, former professor, Department of Zoology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, U.S.A., from the body cavities of 3 lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes, (2 birds collected from Roger Mills County, Oklahoma on 23 and 29 August 1963, and 1 collected from Manitoba, Canada on 3 June 1964) and deposited in the Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska are described. Haematotrephus selfi n. sp. can be distinguished from all other …

Two New Harlequin Frogs (Anura: Atelopus) From The Andes Of Northern Peru, Pablo J. Venegas, Alessandro Catenazzi, Karen Siu Ting, Jorge Carrillo

Publications

Two new species of Atelopus (harlequin frogs) are described from the Andes of northern Peru, one from the northern Cordillera de Huancabamba (Departamento de Piura), 2,950 m elevation, and the other from an inter-Andean valley of the upper Marañon basin, Cordillera Central (Departamento de La Libertad), 2,620 m elevation. We also suggest the possible link between infection by the chytrid fungus and mortality of harlequin frogs in the upper Marañon basin in 999.

Predator-Prey Dynamics: The Role Of Olfaction, By Michael R. Conover., Eric M. Schauber

Publications

No abstract provided.

Parametric Probability Densities And Distribution Functions For Tukey G-And-H Transformations And Their Use For Fitting Data, Todd C. Headrick, Rhonda K. Kowalchuk, Yanyan Sheng

Publications

The family of g-and-h transformations are popular algorithms used for simulating non-normal distributions because of their simplicity and ease of execution. In general, two limitations associated with g-and-h transformations are that their probability density functions (pdfs) and cumulative distribution functions (cdfs) are unknown. In view of this, the g-and-h transformations’ pdfs and cdfs are derived in general parametric form. Moments are also derived and it is subsequently shown how the g and h parameters can be determined for prespecified values of skew and kurtosis. Numerical examples and parametric plots of g-and-h pdfs …

Lateral Exchange Of Larval Fish Between A Restored Backwater And A Large River In The East-Central Usa, Laura A. Csoboth, James E. Garvey

Publications

Exchange of larval fish between a river's main channel and its floodplain backwaters is compromised by sedimentation. Restoration projects to reduce sediment loading are being implemented in large rivers of the midwestern United States to curb backwater habitat loss and restore backwater-to-river connectivity. During 2004 and 2005, drift nets were set bidirectionally (with and against the flow) within a constructed channel between the Illinois River and an adjacent, 1,100-ha restored backwater, Swan Lake, to investigate the interplay between life history strategies and lateral drift on a diel and seasonal basis. Ambient larval density and species composition within the river and …

Movement And Habitat Selection By Invasive Asian Carps In A Large River, Kelly L. Degrandchamp, James E. Garvey, Robert E. Colombo

Publications

We evaluated the habitat use and movements of 50 adult bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and 50 silver carp H. molitrix by means of ultrasonic telemetry during spring–summer 2004 and 2005 to gain insight into the conditions that facilitate their establishment, persistence, and dispersal in the lower Illinois River (river kilometer 0–130). Movement and habitat use were monitored with stationary receivers and boat-mounted tracking. The relative availability of four macrohabitat categories (main channel, island side channel, channel border, and connected backwater) was quantified to determine selection; discriminant function analysis was used to evaluate changes in physical characteristics within each category. A …

Shame, Paul Campos

Publications

Here are some observations drawn from nearly seventeen years spent as a legal academic, using a particular device: the depiction of several fictional yet all-too-familiar legal academic characters. With one exception these characters are imaginary - yet their name is legion. The characters are The Drone, The Bully, The Hack, and The Fraud.

What can be done about them - or about us? Answering this question at all satisfactorily requires confronting more than the personal flaws of particular individuals: it necessitates grappling with the structural failures of the contemporary law school. It's true that some of what is wrong with …

The Identification And Verification Of Hazardous Convective Cells Over Oceans Using Visible And Infrared Satellite Observations, Michael F. Donovan, Earle R. Williams, Cathy Kessinger, Gary Blackburn, Paul H. Herzegh, Richard L. Bankert, Steve Miller, Frederick R. Mosher

Publications

Three algorithms based on geostationary visible and infrared (IR) observations are used to identify convective cells that do (or may) present a hazard to aviation over the oceans. The performance of these algorithms in detecting potentially hazardous cells is determined through verification with Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite observations of lightning and radar reflectivity, which provide internal information about the convective cells. The probability of detection of hazardous cells using the satellite algorithms can exceed 90% when lightning is used as a criterion for hazard, but the false-alarm ratio with all three algorithms is consistently large (40%), thereby exaggerating …

White Dwarf Luminosity And Mass Functions From Sloan Digital Sky Survey Spectra, Steven Degennaro, Ted Von Hippel, D. E. Winget, S. O. Kepler, Atsuko Nitta, Detlev Koester, Leandro Althaus

Publications

We present the first phase in our ongoing work to use Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data to create separate white dwarf (WD) luminosity functions (LFs) for two or more different mass ranges. In this paper, we determine the completeness of the SDSS spectroscopic WD sample by comparing a proper-motion selected sample of WDs from SDSS imaging data with a large catalog of spectroscopically determined WDs. We derive a selection probability as a function of a single color (g − i) and apparent magnitude (g) that covers the range −1.0 < g − i < 0.2 and 15 < g < 19.5. We address the observed upturn in log g for WDs with Teff 12,000 K and offer arguments that the problem is limited to the line profiles and is not present in the continuum. We offer an empirical method of removing the upturn, recovering a reasonable mass function for WDs with Teff < 12,000 K. Finally we present a WD LF with nearly an order of magnitude (3358) more spectroscopically confirmed WDs than any previous work.

Measuring Students' Perceptions Of Blackboard Using The Technology Acceptance Model: A Pls Approach, Leila Halawi, Richard Mccarthy

Publications

In this study, partial least square approach (PLS) is applied to investigate the determinants of students’ perceived usage results in the framework of university online or hybrid courses. A total of 134 valid responses from students who have finished or are currently enrolled in at least one online or hybrid course at two universities were employed to inspect the structural model. Using a structure that is in theory grounded in the technology acceptance model (TAM) and tested through TAM, the analysis of results suggest that separate factors guide the students’ usage choice.

The U.S. Intra-Industry Trade With Caribbean Countries, E. M. Ekanayake, John R. Ledgerwood

Publications

This paper aims to measure the level of intra-industry trade with special focus on vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade (IIT) in United State's foreign trade with Caribbean countries. One of the main findings is that the observed increase in intra-industry trade between the United States and Caribbean is almost entirely due to two-way trade in vertical differentiation. The second important finding is that the level of per capita income, trade intensity, product differentiation, industry size, and product quality differences are found to affect the shares of all three types of IIT positively.

How Does A Pre-Assessment Of Off-Campus Students' Information Literacy Affect The Effectiveness Of Library Instruction?, Lana Ivanitskaya, Susan Duford, Monica Craig, Anne Marie Casey

Publications

This study investigates the impact that pre-tests have on the effectiveness of library instruction when students are given feedback on their pre-test performance. Librarians and academic faculty partnered to measure library instruction outcomes in two Master's degree classes. The Research Readiness Self-Assessment (RRSA) was used as a pre-test (before instruction) and a post-test (after instruction) in Class 1 and as a post-test only in Class 2. Students who completed both tests performed significantly better on a post-test, earning higher scores on obtaining information and overall information literacy. They reported greater library/research experience and less reliance on browsing. Compared to …

A Multiple-Objective Environmental Rationalization And Optimization For Material Substitution In The Production Of Stone-Washed Jeans- Garments, Marwa M.H. El-Sayed, Nabil A. Ibrahim, Nabil M. Abdel Moneim, Mohamed A. Ramadan

Publications

As the Textile Industry is the second largest industry in Egypt and as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) make up a great portion of this industry therein it is essential to apply the concept of Cleaner Production for the purpose of reducing pollution. In order to achieve this goal, a case study concerned with ecofriendly stone-washing of jeans-garments was investigated. A raw material-substitution option was adopted whereby the toxic potassium permanganate and sodium sulfide were replaced by the environmentally compatible hydrogen peroxide and glucose respectively where the concentrations of both replaced chemicals together with the operating time were optimized. In …

The Wise Researcher: One Library’S Experience Implementing A Federated Search Product, Yumin Jiang, Georgia Briscoe

Publications

No abstract provided.

Interpretive Sovereignty: A Research Agenda, Kristen A. Carpenter

Publications

In federal Indian law, the treaty operates as our foundational legal text. Reflecting centuries-old historical political arrangements between Indian nations and the United States, treaties remain vital legal instruments that decide dozens of legal cases each year. Yet, these treaties--originally drafted in English by the federal government, following negotiations with tribal representatives who usually spoke their own languages--present a number of ambiguities for contemporary courts. The dominant model of treaty interpretation is one in which judges interpret treaties in a manner they they believe to reflect Indians' understanding of treaty terms and, more generally, to promote the interests of Indian …

Extraterritoriality, Antitrust, And The Pragmatist Style, Justin Deystone

Publications

In the last decades of the 20th century, David Kennedy and Martti Koskenniemi made the case that the modern structure of international legal argument was characterized by "pragmatism." Taking this idea as its baseline, this Article's central argument is that legal pragmatism embodies a dominant style of contemporary legal reasoning, and that as Kennedy and Koskenniemi might have suggested, it is on display in some of the canonical antitrust decisions having an international dimension. The Article also seeks to show that pragmatism's ostensible triumph is best understood as a contest of three distinctly legal pragmatisms: "eclectic pragmatism," as evidenced in …

How Do Securities Laws Influence Affect, Happiness, & Trust?, Peter H. Huang

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This Article advocates that securities regulators promulgate rules based upon taking into consideration their impacts upon investors' and others' affect, happiness, and trust. Examples of these impacts are consumer optimism, financial stress, anxiety over how thoroughly securities regulators deliberate over proposed rules, investor confidence in securities disclosures, market exuberance, social moods, and subjective well-being. These variables affect and are affected by traditional financial variables, such as consumer debt, expenditures, and wealth; corporate investment; initial public offerings; and securities market demand, liquidity, prices, supply, and volume. This Article proposes that securities regulators can and should evaluate rules based upon measures of …

Why And How To Tax Carbon, Michael Waggoner

Publications

Increased concern about possible global warming due to rising levels of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide ("CO2") suggests the need to control emissions of CO2. This article explores a system of revenue-neutral carbon taxes as a supplement or alternative to other CO2 control systems such as subsidies, regulation, and cap-and-trade. A system of carbon taxation should be, the Article suggests, sufficiently fairer and simpler and more efficient than the other possible systems of CO2 control and that it merits serious consideration. Because the carbon tax that is suggested would be revenue neutral, it should be politically acceptable. Problems with …

The Public Lands And The National Heritage, Charles F. Wilkinson

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No abstract provided.

The Early History Of The Colorado Court Of Appeals, Robert M. Linz, Claire E. Munger

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No abstract provided.

Common Ground: The Case For Collaboration Between Anti-Poverty Advocates And Public Interest Intellectual Property Advocates, Deborah J. Cantrell

Publications

This article examines the previously unappreciated common ground between scholars and advocates who work to eliminate poverty, and scholars and advocates who work on intellectual property issues in the public interest. The article first illustrates how scholars and advocates working on poverty and on public interest intellectual property have relied on rights talk to frame their social movements. Under the conventional narrative, the framing has accentuated differences between the movements. As the Article explains, the two movements share core principles and should recognize shared interests and goals. By developing a new model of how to view public interest movements, the …

Abbott, Aids, And The Ada: Why A Per Se Disability Rule For Hiv/Aids Is Both Just And A Must, Scott Thompson

Publications

HIV/AIDS should be classified as a per se disability under the Americans with Disablities Act. Such a ruling is justified by the plain language of the act itself, legislative history, administrative regulations, and court precedent. Absent such a ruling, individuals with HIV must demonstrate that they have (1) an mental or physical impairment, (2) that substantially limits (3) a major life activity. While most courts to address the applicability of the ADA to individuals with HIV/AIDS have found that such individuals are disabled because HIV impairs the major life activity of reproduction, such an interpretation leaves open the possibility that …

The Ethics Of Collaborative Law, Scott R. Peppet

Publications

The practice of Collaborative Law - in which both parties agree that should their case fail to settle, both lawyers will be disqualified from proceeding to court - has grown rapidly in the family bar over the last decade. At the same time, the ethics of this practice have been called into question. Competing ethics opinions in 2007 - from the Colorado Bar Association and the American Bar Association - alternately ban and permit the practice. This Article tries to clarify the underlying ethical issues in Collaborative Law, arguing that much confusion has resulted from imprecise understandings of what the …

Energy Security: Security For Whom?: A Response To Matthew Smith And Naing Htoo, Vivek Krishnamurthy

Publications

No abstract provided.

Ergonomic Analysis Of A Hair Salon, Joseph Keebler, David Schuster, Scott Ososky

Publications

Cosmetology involves a number of diverse tasks that have been implicated in cumulative trauma disorders and in other workplace injuries. This case study presents an analysis of injury risk and prevalence in a salon. Individual, occupational, and organizational factors are considered, and potential areas where risk can be reduced are presented.