Digital Commons Network^™

Negotiating Inherent Asymmetries Of Co-Design: A Case Of Integrative Elementary Mathematics And Computer Science Instruction, Victor R. Lee, Stephanie Robillard, Mimi Recker, Jody Clarke-Midura, Jessica Shumway

Publications

Collaborative design, or “co-design”, is a term that has gained popularity in educational research and design communities, including those working with K-12 educators. While more groups are identifying with and pursuing co-design, much remains to be understood about how to structure the work within given different constraints, circumstances, and resources available to different parties. We propose understanding co-design as having inherent asymmetries and that structuring co-design work patterns involves negotiation of those asymmetries. Through a case of an elementary computer science and math integration research-practice partnership, we share ways that those asymmetries are both intentionally softened and leveraged at different …

Elara Conference - Techniques & Technologies To Support Sustainable Education In The Academic Sphere Year Ii Book 2, Volume 2, European Common Laboratory For Pedagogical Action-Research And Student-Centred Learning (Elara)

Publications

The Fourth Industrial Revolution was and s till is focused on digitalising processes and using AI to increas e productivity. Industry 5.0, on the other hand, focuses on the human factor and the human as the centre of the production process. According to the new paradigm, technology should benefit humans, and human s, in turn, should actively collaborate with machines. In other words, while Industry 4.0 wa s based on the relationship between machines and IT systems, Industry 5.0 brings together the strengths of humans and machines. Following this train of thought, we have come up with the idea to …

Elara Conference - Techniques & Technologies To Support Sustainable Education In The Academic Sphere Year Ii Book 2 Vol 1, European Common Laboratory For Pedagogical Action-Research And Student-Centred Learning (Elara)

Publications

The Fourth Industrial Revolution was and s till is focused on digitalising processes and using AI to increase productivity. Industry 5.0, on the other hand, focuses on the human factor and the human as the centre of the production process. According to the new paradigm, technology should benefit humans, and human s, in turn, should actively collaborate with machines. In other words, while Industry 4.0 wa s based on the relationship between machines and IT systems, Industry 5.0 brings together the strengths of humans and machines. Following this train of thought, we have come up with the idea to initiate …

Short-Term Forecasting Airport Passenger Flow During Periods Of Volatility: Comparative Investigation Of Time Series Vs. Neural Network Models, David H. Hopfe, Kiljae Lee, Chunyan Yu

Publications

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), known for handling complex data tasks like language translation and speech recognition, are seldom employed in airport management practice for daily and weekly passenger flow forecasting tasks. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness and adaptability of various neural network models (RNN, LSTM, GRU, Deep LSTM, Bidirectional LSTM, multivariate RNN, and multivariate LSTM) against standard time series models (ARIMA, SARIMA, and SARIMAX) for a short-term forecasting airport security checkpoint passenger flows at five major U.S. airports during the pandemic.

At Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson Airport (ATL), the RNN notably surpasses SARIMA's forecasting accuracy by 34% (DM= 3.44, p …

The High Energy X-Ray Probe (Hex-P): A New Window Into Neutron Star Accretion, R.M. Ludlam, C. Malacaria, E. Sokolova-Lapa, F. Fuerst, P. Pradhan, A.W. Shaw, K. Pottschmidt, S. Pike, G. Vasilopoulos, J. Wilms, J.A. Garcia, K. Madsen, D. Stern, C. Maitra, M. Del Santo, D.J. Walton, M.C. Brumback, J. Van Den Eijnden

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Accreting neutron stars (NSs) represent a unique laboratory for probing the physics of accretion in the presence of strong magnetic fields (B ≳ 10⁸ G). Additionally, the matter inside the NS itself exists in an ultra-dense, cold state that cannot be reproduced in Earth-based laboratories. Hence, observational studies of these objects are a way to probe the most extreme physical regimes. Here we present an overview of the field and discuss the most important outstanding problems related to NS accretion. We show how these open questions regarding accreting NSs in both low-mass and high-mass X-ray binary systems can …

Exploring The Nexus Of Cybersecurity Leadership, Human Factors, Emotional Intelligence, Innovative Work Behavior, And Critical Leadership Traits, Sharon L. Burton, Darrell Norman Burrell, Calvin Nobles, Laura A. Jones

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Data shows that 12% of leaders are rated as 'very effective' at leadership. This research emphasizes the importance of understanding human behavior and its impact on leadership effectiveness, innovative work behavior (IWB), and the ability to respond to complex cyber threats, particularly in the realm of cybersecurity leadership. Emotional intelligence (EI), a key human factor, is highlighted as a crucial element that can stimulate cognitive absorption, leading to innovative work behavior and improved innovation efficiency (IE). This underscores the need for leaders to not only be technically proficient but also emotionally intelligent to effectively manage their teams and respond to …

Impact Of Weather Factors On Airport Arrival Rates: Application Of Machine Learning In Air Transportation, Robert W. Maxson, Dothang Truong, Woojin Choi

Publications

Weather is responsible for approximately 70% of air transportation delays in the National Airspace System, and delays resulting from convective weather alone cost airlines and passengers millions of dollars each year due to delays that could be avoided. This research sought to establish relationships between environmental variables and airport efficiency estimates by data mining archived weather and airport performance data at ten geographically and climatologically different airports. Several meaningful relationships were discovered from six out of ten airports using various machine learning methods within an overarching data mining protocol, and the developed models were tested using historical data.

Multi-Layer Evolution Of Acoustic-Gravity Waves And Ionospheric Disturbances Over The United States After The 2022 Hunga Tonga Volcano Eruption, P. A. Inchin, A. Bhatt, S. A. Cummer, S. D. Eckermann, B. J. Harding, J. Ma, J. J. Makela, J B. Snively

Publications

e Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha'apai volcano underwent a series of large-magnitude eruptions that generated in the atmosphere. We investigate the spatial and temporal evolutions of fluctuations driven by atmospheric acoustic-gravity waves (AGWs) and, in particular, the Lamb wave modes in high spatial resolution data sets measured over the Continental United States (CONUS), complemented with data over the Americas and the Pacific. Along with >800 barometer sites, tropospheric observations, and Total Electron Content data from >3,000 receivers, we report detections of volcano-induced AGWs in mesopause and ionosphere-thermosphere airglow imagery and Fabry-Perot interferometry. We also report unique AGW signatures in the ionospheric D-region, measured …

The Life Cycle Of Stars And Their Planets From The High Energy Perspective, Lia Corrales, Keivan G. Stassun, Tim Cunningham, Girish M. Duvvuri, Jeremy J. Drake, Catherine Espaillat, Adina D. Feinstein, Elena Gallo, Hans Moritz Günther, George W. King, Marina Kounkel, Carey M. Lisse, Rodolfo Montez Jr., David A. Principe, Jesús A. Toalá, Scott J. Wolk, Raven Cilley, Tansu Daylan, Margarita Karovska, Pragati Pradhan, Peter J. Wheatley, Jun Yang

Publications

One of the key research themes identified by the Astro2020 decadal survey is Worlds and Suns in Context. The Advanced X-ray Imaging Satellite (AXIS) is a proposed NASA APEX mission that will become the prime high-energy instrument for studying star-planet connections from birth to death. This work explores the major advances in this broad domain of research that will be enabled by the AXIS mission, through X-ray observations of stars in clusters spanning a broad range of ages, flaring M-dwarf stars known to host exoplanets, and young stars exhibiting accretion interactions with their protoplanetary disks. In addition, we explore the …

An Ontology Design Pattern For Representing Causality, Utkarshani Jaimini, Cory Henson, Amit Sheth

Publications

The causal pattern is a proposed ontology design pattern for representing the structure of causal relations in a knowledge graph. This pattern is grounded in the concepts defined and used by the CausalAI community i.e., Causal Bayesian Networks and do-calculus. Specifically, the pattern models three primary concepts: (1) causal relations, (2) causal event roles, and (3) causal effect weights. Two use cases involving a sprinkler system and asthma patients are provided along with their relevant competency questions.

Flying To Net Zero With Sustainable Atos; Changing Cultures​, Eva Maleviti

Publications

What is Sustainability?

• World Commission on Environment and Development’s (WCED) 1987 Brundtland Report ‘’Our Common Future’’.
• Help world nations towards sustainable development.

17 Sustainable Development Goals

• The start of all industries are the 17 SDGs
• Aviation can address the 15 SDGs
• Net zero target suggest reduction of aviation emissions up to 21.2 Gt CO2

Teamwork In Cybersecurity: Evaluating The Cooperative Board Game [D0x3d!] As An Experimental Testbed, Crystal Fausett, Joseph Keebler

Publications

It is crucial to identify the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) that contribute to success in cybersecurity teams. We introduce a board game, [d0x3d!], as an experimental testbed designed to create a controlled environment and set of manageable tasks aimed at exploring teamwork competencies that may be relevant to the cybersecurity workforce. [d0x3d!] requires players to work together and share information to retrieve stolen digital assets. The authors aim to improve the efficacy of cybersecurity team training by incorporating modern teamwork theory and measurement. This testbed provides a low-cost and user-friendly platform for training, evaluation, and research.

Does Removing Quizzes Impact Student Performance In An Online Course?, John Griffith

Publications

Data for 295 college online introductory statistics students were examined to determine if removing four module (weekly) quizzes impacted student performance on a cumulative exam. In this research, student performance was not significantly impacted by the removal of the quizzes. The difference in the exam mean score earned by the group of students who did not take quizzes was less than 0.8 of a point lower than the exam average for students who took the quizzes prior to the exam. Withdraw rates significantly declined from 5 percent to 1 percent. Results of this study support the idea that course designers …

Gravity Waves Generated By The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘Apai Volcanic Eruption And Their Global Propagation In The Mesosphere/Lower Thermosphere Observed By Meteor Radars And Modeled With The High-Altitude General Mechanistic Circulation Model, Gunter Stober, Sharon L. Vadas, Erich Becker, Alan Liu, Diego Janches, Zishun Qiao, Et.Al

Publications

The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘apai volcano erupted on 15th January 2022, launching Lamb waves and gravity waves into the atmosphere. In this study, we present results using 13 globally distributed meteor radars and identify the volcanic- caused gravity waves in the mesospheric/lower thermospheric winds. Leveraging the High-Altitude Mechanistic General Circulation Model (HIAMCM), we compare the global propagation of these gravity waves. We observed an eastward propagating gravity wave packet with an observed phase speed of 240±5.7 m/s and a westward propagating gravity wave with an observed phase speed of 166.5 ±6.4 m/s. We identified these waves in the HIAMCM and obtained …

Defending Against External Influences On Educational Data: The Role Of Policies And Procedures, Emily Faulconer, Debra Bourdeau

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Within higher education, there has been increased focus over recent decades on evaluating our teaching practices to provide high-quality evidence of student learning for both internal and external assessment. Even at institutions without a college of education, many faculty are engaged in the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) and/or discipline-based educational research (DBER). While studies are very diverse, and include qualitative and quantitative measures, common data points include student assessment scores and final course grades. In investigations using these measures, researchers acknowledge various mediating and moderating variables, but one particularly impactful variable is often ignored – administrative policies and …

The Gbt Diffuse Ionized Gas Survey (Gdigs): Discrete Sources, Dylan J. Linville, Matteo Luisi, Bin Liu, T. M. Bania, Dana S. Balser, Trey V. Wenger, L. M. Haffner

Publications

The Green Bank Telescope (GBT) Diffuse Ionized Gas Survey (GDIGS) traces ionized gas in the Galactic midplane by observing radio recombination line (RRL) emission from 4–8 GHz. The nominal survey zone is 32.3◦ > ℓ > −5◦, | b | < 0.5◦. Here, we analyze GDIGS Hnα ionized gas emission toward discrete sources. Using GDIGS data, we identify the velocity of 35 H II regions that have multiple detected RRL velocity components. We identify and characterize RRL emission from 88 H II regions that previously lacked measured ionized gas velocities. We also identify and characterize RRL emission from eight locations that appear to be previously-unidentified H II regions and 30 locations of RRL emission that do not appear to be H II regions based on their lack of mid-infrared emission. This latter group may be a compact component of the Galactic Diffuse Ionized Gas (DIG). There are an additional 10 discrete sources that have anomalously high RRL velocities for their locations in the Galactic plane. We compare these objects’ RRL data to 13CO, H I and mid-infrared data, and find that these sources do not have the expected 24 µm emission characteristic of H II regions. Based on this comparison we do not think these objects are H II regions, but we are unable to classify them as a known type of object.

Beyond 365 Days: A Retrospective Evaluation Of Trekkers, Sarah Krichels Goan Mpp, Madison Burke

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The Trekkers program in Rockland, ME is a non-profit outdoor-based mentoring program that has served young people in mid-coast Maine since 1994. Its unique long-term mentoring model supports students over six years that begins when they are in 7th grade and continues until they graduate high school. Trekkers’ model focuses on building social, emotional and intellectual resiliency in young people through one-to-one peer mentoring, as well as the use of expeditionary learning, community service and adventure-based education. Trekkers’ programs are designed to provide an ongoing supportive network for young people in the community by connecting them with caring adults while …

Humanizing Online Stemm Education, E. K. Faulconer

Publications

Students want to see themselves in the curriculum and learning environment. How to foster the formation of STEM identity: studying diversity in an authentic learning environment. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-020-00254-z

•Students notice diversity in the curriculum •Students intertwine their gender and ethnic identities with STEM identity

•Attention to diversity and inclusion can build positive STEM identities Engaging in science practices in classrooms predicts increases in undergraduates’ STEM motivation, identity, and achievement. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21623

• Recognition as a scientist and positive classroom climate related to learning outcomes for underrepresented minority students

Humanizing Online Stemm Education, Emily Faulconer

Publications

The instructor and course design can make a difference in online STEM course persistence.

Self-Regulatory Metacognitive Skill Use In Elementary Students During Computer And Paper Reading Assignments: A Qualitative Study, Katerina Sergi, Anastasia Elder, Tianlan Wei, Kristin Javorsky, Jianzhong Xu

Publications

Self-regulated learning (SRL) and metacognitive processes are important in education because they contribute to effective learning and improved academic performance. Metacognitive SRL may be facilitated by the implementation of computer technology. This qualitative study examined the presence and use of metacognitive SLR processes among elementary school students as they completed computer- and paper-based reading assignments. Students in two after-school programs were recruited from a public school district in a southeastern region of the United States (U.S.). The participants consisted of 52 elementary students in Grades 2-5. Students participated in two, counterbalanced, conditions that involved computer- and a paper-based reading assignments. …

On The Propagation Of Whistler-Mode Waves In The 2 Magnetic Ducts, Salman A. Nejad, Anatoly V. Streltsov

Publications

This paper studies extremely-low frequency (ELF) whistler-mode waves’ behavior within small-scale magnetic field irregularities in the Earth’s magnetosphere, known as magnetic ducts. Based on the magnetic fields’ magnitude inside and outside these ducts, they are categorized as high-magnetic ducts (HBD) and low-magnetic ducts (LBD). Using the whistler-mode dispersion relation analysis, our primary focus is to show that LBDs are prone to leak electromagnetic energy outside the duct. We further investigate the hypothesis that whistlers can propagate within LBDs without any signal loss when the width of the duct corresponds to an integer multiple of the perpendicular wavelengths of the waves …

A "Boreing" Night Of Observations Of The Upper Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere Over The Andes Lidar Observatory, J. H. Hecht, Alan Liu, D. C. Fritts, R. L. Walterscheid, L. J. Gelinas, R. J. Rudy

Publications

A very high-spatial resolution (∼21-23 m pixel at 85 km altitude) OH airglow imager at the Andes Lidar Observatory at Cerro Pach´on, Chile observed considerable ducted wave activity on the night of October 29-30, 2016. This instrument was collocated with a Na wind-temperature lidar that provided data revealing the occurrence of strong ducts. A large field of view OH and greenline airglow imager showed waves present over a vertical extent consistent with the altitudes of the ducting features identified in the lidar profiles. While waves that appeared to be ducted were seen in all imagers throughout the observation interval, the …

The Rs Oph Outburst Of 2021 Monitored In X-Rays With Nicer, Marina Orio, Keith Gendreau, Morgan Giese, Gerardo Jaun M. Luna, Jozef Magdolen, Tod E. Strohmayer, Andy E. Zhang, Diego Altamirano, Andrej Dobrotka, Teruaki Enoto, Elizabeth C. Ferrara, Richard Ignace, Sebastian Heinz, Craig Markwardt, Joy S. Nichols, Michael L. Parker, Dheeraj R. Pasham, Songpeng Pei, Pragati Pradhan, Ron Remillard, James F. Steiner, Francesco Tombesi

Publications

The 2021 outburst of the symbiotic recurrent nova RS Oph was monitored with the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer Mission (NICER) in the 0.2–12 keV range from day one after the optical maximum, until day 88, producing an unprecedented, detailed view of the outburst development. The X-ray flux preceding the supersoft X-ray phase peaked almost 5 days after optical maximum and originated only in shocked ejecta for 21–25 days. The emission was thermal; in the first 5 days, only a non-collisional-ionization equilibrium model fits the spectrum, and a transition to equilibrium occurred between days 6 and 12. The ratio of …

Survey Of X-Rays From Massive Stars Observed At High Spectral Resolution With Chandra, Pragati Pradhan, David P. Huenemoerder, Richard Ignace, Joy S. Nichols, A.M.T. Pollock

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Identifying trends between observational data and the range of physical parameters of massive stars is a critical step to the still-elusive full understanding of the source, structure, and evolution of X-ray emission from the stellar winds, requiring a substantial sample size and systematic analysis methods. As of 2022, the Chandra data archive contains 37 high-resolution spectra of O, B, and WR stars, observed with the Chandra/HETGS, and of sufficient quality to fit the continua and emission-line profiles. Using a systematic approach to the data analysis, we explore morphological trends in the line profiles (i.e., O, Ne, Mg, and Si) and …

Systems Thinking Applied To Higher Education Curricula Development, Reza Rahdar, Mark London, Yuetong Lin, Hong Jiang

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Systems Thinking (ST) is a general and yet nebulous term that describes an approach to understanding and working with complexity in the real world. ST seeks to evaluate different behaviors of individual system elements when they operate in isolation as opposed to when they are integrated as part of a larger system and placed within a particular operating environment. The education environment consists of multiple systems with different digital content, learning goals/outcomes that serve different stakeholders including teachers, learners, and administrators. The inherent complexity and interaction among these various educational system elements and functions make this environment a worthy candidate …

Osher Map Library And Smith Center For Cartographic Education: A Five-Year Retrospective Impact Report, Elora Way, Emma Schwartz, Madison Burke, Becky Wurwarg

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Since 1994, the Osher Map Library and Smith Center for Cartographic Education (OML) has been located within the Glickman Family Library on the Portland campus of the University of Southern Maine (USM). From its inception, the OML has been charged with not only expanding and preserving its collections, but with operating in the spirit of lifelong learning and a deep commitment to engaging scholars, students (Kindergarten through higher education), educators, community partners, and the public. OML meets this charge through various strategies and activities that include: educational outreach with Kindergarten (K) through 12th grade students and university students; professional development …

Quiet, But Not Silent: Uncovering Quiescent State Properties Of Two Transient High-Mass X-Ray Binaries, Gayathri Raman, Pragati Pradhan, Jamie Kennea

Publications

We present the first set of broad-band spectral and timing studies of two transient X-ray pulsars, MXB 0656 −072 and MAXI J1409 −619 using NuSTAR observations conducted during quiescence. Despite being captured at one of their lowest luminosity states, both these targets show signs of ongoing low-level accretion. Results from the time-averaged spectral analysis indicate for the first time, the presence of a strong soft power-law component along with thermal emission from the neutron star hotspots. For both targets, the quiescent thermal X-ray emission is consistent with the deep crustal heating model. In MXB 0656 −072, we do not detect …

Validation Of A Biomechanical Injury And Disease Assessment Platform Applying An Inertial-Based Biosensor And Axis Vector Computation, Wangdo Kim, Emir A. Vela, Sean S. Kohles, Victor Huayamave

Publications

Inertial kinetics and kinematics have substantial influences on human biomechanical function. A new algorithm for Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)-based motion tracking is presented in this work. The primary aims of this paper are to combine recent developments in improved biosensor technology with mainstream motion-tracking hardware to measure the overall performance of human movement based on joint axis-angle representations of limb rotation. This work describes an alternative approach to representing three-dimensional rotations using a normalized vector around which an identified joint angle defines the overall rotation, rather than a traditional Euler angle approach. Furthermore, IMUs allow for the direct measurement of …

The Varied Landscape Of Consumer Fraud, Alan Saquella

Publications

In today's interconnected world, consumer fraud remains a persistent threat that can have far-reaching consequences for individuals and their financial well-being. While these insights are relatively current, it's essential to acknowledge that specific numbers and trends may have.

Probing The Foreshock Wave Boundary With Single Spacecraft Techniques, S. Dorfman, Kun Zhang, L. Ture, U. Ganse, M. Palmroth

Publications

In space physics, wave measurements typically use a small number of datapoints due to limited available spacecraft. Common single-spacecraft wave vector analysis techniques built around these limitations are widely used, even in regions where the wave amplitude profile may have a strong spatial dependence. We show that in these gradient regions, the divergence-free condition of the magnetic field requires a local modification to the plane of polarization that is incorrectly interpreted by single-spacecraft techniques. We explore the consequences of this result in the Earth's ion foreshock using both Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of the Moon’s Interaction with the Sun …