Digital Commons Network^™

Excessive White Matter Hyperintensity Increases Susceptibility To Poor Functional Outcomes After Acute Ischemic Stroke, Sungmin Hong, Laura Heitsch, Chia-Ling Phuah, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Reproductive Aging In Caenorhabditis Elegans: From Molecules To Ecology, Andrea Scharf, Franziska Pohl, Brian M Egan, Zuzana Kocsisova, Kerry Kornfeld

Open Access Publications

Aging animals display a broad range of progressive degenerative changes, and one of the most fascinating is the decline of female reproductive function. In the model organism

Longitudinal Prediction Of Infant Mr Images With Multi-Contrast Perceptual Adversarial Learning, Liying Peng, Robert C Mckinstry, Kelly N Botteron, Et Al

Open Access Publications

The infant brain undergoes a remarkable period of neural development that is crucial for the development of cognitive and behavioral capacities (Hasegawa et al., 2018). Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is able to characterize the developmental trajectories and is critical in neuroimaging studies of early brain development. However, missing data at different time points is an unavoidable occurrence in longitudinal studies owing to participant attrition and scan failure. Compared to dropping incomplete data, data imputation is considered a better solution to address such missing data in order to preserve all available samples. In this paper, we adapt generative adversarial networks …

Distinct And Dissociable Eeg Networks Are Associated With Recovery Of Cognitive Function Following Anesthesia-Induced Unconsciousness, Alexander Rokos, Bratislav Mišić, Kathleen Berkun, Catherine Duclos, Vijay Tarnal, Ellen Janke, Paul Picton, Goodarz Golmirzaie, Mathias Basner, Michael S Avidan, Max B Kelz, George A Mashour, Stefanie Blain-Moraes

Open Access Publications

The temporal trajectories and neural mechanisms of recovery of cognitive function after a major perturbation of consciousness is of both clinical and neuroscientific interest. The purpose of the present study was to investigate network-level changes in functional brain connectivity associated with the recovery and return of six cognitive functions after general anesthesia. High-density electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded from healthy volunteers undergoing a clinically relevant anesthesia protocol (propofol induction and isoflurane maintenance), and age-matched healthy controls. A battery of cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning test, fractal-2-back, abstract matching, psychomotor vigilance test, digital symbol substitution test) was administered at baseline, …

Antigen Presenting Cells Link The Female Genital Tract Microbiome To Mucosal Inflammation, With Hormonal Contraception As An Additional Modulator Of Inflammatory Signatures, Elizabeth H Byrne, Barry L Hykes, Scott A Handley, Et Al

Open Access Publications

The microbiome of the female genital tract (FGT) is closely linked to reproductive health outcomes. Diverse, anaerobe-dominated communities with low

Targeting Host Glycolysis As A Strategy For Antimalarial Development, Andrew J Jezewski, Yu-Hsi Lin, Julie A Reisz, Rachel Culp-Hill, Yasaman Barekatain, Victoria C Yan, Angelo D'Alessandro, Florian L Muller, Audrey R Odom John

Open Access Publications

Glycolysis controls cellular energy, redox balance, and biosynthesis. Antiglycolytic therapies are under investigation for treatment of obesity, cancer, aging, autoimmunity, and microbial diseases. Interrupting glycolysis is highly valued as a therapeutic strategy, because glycolytic disruption is generally tolerated in mammals. Unfortunately, anemia is a known dose-limiting side effect of these inhibitors and presents a major caveat to development of antiglycolytic therapies. We developed specific inhibitors of enolase - a critical enzyme in glycolysis - and validated their metabolic and cellular effects on human erythrocytes. Enolase inhibition increases erythrocyte susceptibility to oxidative damage and induces rapid and premature erythrocyte senescence, rather …

Oromandibular Dystonia: A Clinical Examination Of 2,020 Cases, Laura M Scorr, Randal C Paniello, Scott A Norris, Joel S Perlmutter, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Rectal Cancer Treatment Management: Deep-Learning Neural Network Based On Photoacoustic Microscopy Image Outperforms Histogram-Feature-Based Classification, Xiandong Leng, Eghbal Amidi, Sitai Kou, Hassam Cheema, Ebunoluwa Otegbeye, William Chapman Jr, Matthew Mutch, Quing Zhu

Open Access Publications

We have developed a novel photoacoustic microscopy/ultrasound (PAM/US) endoscope to image post-treatment rectal cancer for surgical management of residual tumor after radiation and chemotherapy. Paired with a deep-learning convolutional neural network (CNN), the PAM images accurately differentiated pathological complete responders (pCR) from incomplete responders. However, the role of CNNs compared with traditional histogram-feature based classifiers needs further exploration. In this work, we compare the performance of the CNN models to generalized linear models (GLM) across 24

Direct N-Glycosylation Profiling Of Urine And Prostatic Fluid Glycoproteins And Extracellular Vesicles, Calvin R K Blaschke, Jordan P Hartig, Grace Grimsley, Liping Liu, O John Semmes, Jennifer D Wu, Joseph E Ippolito, Chanita Hughes-Halbert, Julius O Nyalwidhe, Richard R Drake

Open Access Publications

Expressed prostatic secretions (EPS), also called post digital rectal exam urines, are proximal fluids of the prostate that are widely used for diagnostic and prognostic assays for prostate cancer. These fluids contain an abundant number of glycoproteins and extracellular vesicles secreted by the prostate gland, and the ability to detect changes in their N-glycans composition as a reflection of disease state represents potential new biomarker candidates. Methods to characterize these N-glycan constituents directly from clinical samples in a timely manner and with minimal sample processing requirements are not currently available. In this report, an approach is described to directly profile …

The Crossroads Of Glycoscience, Infection, And Immunology, Tanya R Mckitrick, Margaret E Ackerman, Robert M Anthony, Clay S Bennett, Michael Demetriou, Gregory A Hudalla, Katharina Ribbeck, Stefan Ruhl, Christina M Woo, Loretta Yang, Seth J Zost, Ronald L Schnaar, Tamara L Doering

Open Access Publications

Advances in experimental capabilities in the glycosciences offer expanding opportunities for discovery in the broad areas of immunology and microbiology. These two disciplines overlap when microbial infection stimulates host immune responses and glycan structures are central in the processes that occur during all such encounters. Microbial glycans mediate host-pathogen interactions by acting as surface receptors or ligands, functioning as virulence factors, impeding host immune responses, or playing other roles in the struggle between host and microbe. In the context of the host, glycosylation drives cell-cell interactions that initiate and regulate the host response and modulates the effects of antibodies and …

Antidiabetic Dpp-4 Inhibitors Reprogram Tumor Microenvironment That Facilitates Murine Breast Cancer Metastasis Through Interaction With Cancer Cells Via A Ros-Nf-Кb-Nlrp3 Axis, Rui Li, Xin Zeng, Meihua Yang, Jinmei Feng, Xiaohui Xu, Liming Bao, Tingbo Ye, Xin Wang, Bingqian Xue, Yi Huang

Open Access Publications

Improvement of understanding of the safety profile and biological significance of antidiabetic agents in breast cancer (BC) progression may shed new light on minimizing the unexpected side effect of antidiabetic reagents in diabetic patients with BC. Our recent finding showed that Saxagliptin (Sax) and Sitagliptin (Sit), two common antidiabetic dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) compounds, promoted murine BC 4T1 metastasis

Conserved Mechanism Of Bicarbonate-Induced Sensitization Of Catsper Channels In Human And Mouse Sperm, Juan J Ferreira, Pascale Lybaert, Lis C Puga-Molina, Celia M Santi

Open Access Publications

To fertilize an egg, mammalian sperm must undergo capacitation in the female genital tract. A key contributor to capacitation is the calcium (Ca

Evaluation Of Severity Of Illness Scores In The Pediatric Ecmo Population, Venessa L Pinto, Danielle Guffey, Laura Loftis, Melania M Bembea, Philip C Spinella, Sheila J Hanson

Open Access Publications

Though commonly used for adjustment of risk, severity of illness and mortality risk prediction scores, based on the first 24 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, have not been validated in the pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) population. We aimed to determine the association of Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM2), Pediatric Risk of Mortality Score III (PRISM III) and Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) scores with mortality in pediatric patients on ECMO. This was a retrospective cohort study of children ≤18 years of age included in the Pediatric ECMO Outcomes Registry (PEDECOR) from 2014 to 2018. Logistic regression …

Phylum-Spanning Neuropeptide Gpcr Identification And Prioritization: Shaping Drug Target Discovery Pipelines For Nematode Parasite Control, Louise E Atkinson, Ciaran J Mccoy, Bethany A Crooks, Fiona M Mckay, Paul Mcveigh, Darrin Mckenzie, Allister Irvine, John Harrington, Bruce A Rosa, Makedonka Mitreva, Nikki J Marks, Aaron G Maule, Angela Mousley

Open Access Publications

Nematode parasites undermine human health and global food security. The frontline anthelmintic portfolio used to treat parasitic nematodes is threatened by the escalation of anthelmintic resistance, resulting in a demand for new drug targets for parasite control. Nematode neuropeptide signalling pathways represent an attractive source of novel drug targets which currently remain unexploited. The complexity of the nematode neuropeptidergic system challenges the discovery of new targets for parasite control, however recent advances in parasite 'omics' offers an opportunity for the

The Global Alzheimer's Association Round Robin Study On Plasma Amyloid Β Methods, Josef Pannee, Kwasi G Mawuenyega, Vitaliy Ovod, James Bollinger, Randall J Bateman, Yan Li, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Introduction: Blood-based assays to measure brain amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition are an attractive alternative to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-based assays currently used in clinical settings. In this study, we examined different blood-based assays to measure Aβ and how they compare among centers and assays.

Methods: Aliquots from 81 plasma samples were distributed to 10 participating centers. Seven immunological assays and four mass-spectrometric methods were used to measure plasma Aβ concentrations.

Results: Correlations were weak for Aβ42 while Aβ40 correlations were stronger. The ratio Aβ42/Aβ40 did not improve the correlations and showed weak correlations.

Discussion: The poor correlations for Aβ42 in …

Colonoscopy Polyp Detection And Classification: Dataset Creation And Comparative Evaluations, Kaidong Li, Mohammad I. Fathan, Krushi Patel, Tianxiao Zhang, Cuncong Zhong, Ajay Bansal, Amit Rastogi, Jean S. Wang, Guanghui Wang

Open Access Publications

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer with a high mortality rate. Colonoscopy is the preferred procedure for CRC screening and has proven to be effective in reducing CRC mortality. Thus, a reliable computer-aided polyp detection and classification system can significantly increase the effectiveness of colonoscopy. In this paper, we create an endoscopic dataset collected from various sources and annotate the ground truth of polyp location and classification results with the help of experienced gastroenterologists. The dataset can serve as a benchmark platform to train and evaluate the machine learning models for polyp classification. We …

Clinical Characteristics And Outcomes Of Colorectal Cancer In The Colocare Study: Differences By Age Of Onset, Caroline Himbert, Matthew Mutch, Cory Bernadt, Deyali Chatterjee, Adetunji T Toriola, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Early-onset colorectal cancer has been on the rise in Western populations. Here, we compare patient characteristics between those with early- (<50 years) vs. late-onset (≥50 years) disease in a large multinational cohort of colorectal cancer patients (

Ultrasound Segmentation-Guided Edge Artifact Reduction In Diffuse Optical Tomography Using Connected Component Analysis, Shuying Li, Menghao Zhang, Quing Zhu

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Mr Elastography Demonstrates Reduced White Matter Shear Stiffness In Early-Onset Hydrocephalus, M E Wagshul, J P Mcallister, D D Limbrick Jr, S Yang, W Mowrey, J T Goodrich, A Meiri, D M Morales, A Kobets, R Abbott

Open Access Publications

INTRODUCTION: Hydrocephalus that develops early in life is often accompanied by developmental delays, headaches and other neurological deficits, which may be associated with changes in brain shear stiffness. However, noninvasive approaches to measuring stiffness are limited. Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) of the brain is a relatively new noninvasive imaging method that provides quantitative measures of brain tissue stiffness. Herein, we aimed to use MRE to assess brain stiffness in hydrocephalus patients compared to healthy controls, and to assess its associations with ventricular size, as well as demographic, shunt-related and clinical outcome measures.

METHODS: MRE was collected at two imaging sites …

Dissemination And Implementation Science In Plastic And Reconstructive Surgery: Perfecting, Protecting, And Promoting The Innovation That Defines Our Specialty, Jana Dengler, William M. Padovano, Kristen Davidge, Virginia Mckay, Andrew Yee, Susan E. Mackinnon

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Eaat5 Glutamate Transporter-Mediated Inhibition In The Vertebrate Retina, Peter D Lukasiewcz, Gregory W Bligard, James D Debrecht

Open Access Publications

Glutamate transporters typically remove glutamate from the synaptic cleft. In addition, all glutamate transporters have a chloride channel, which is opened upon glutamate binding to the transporter. There are five types of glutamate transporter (EAATs 1-5, excitatory amino acid transporters), which have distinct chloride conductances. Some EAATs that have low chloride conductances, remove glutamate from the synaptic cleft most effectively (e.g., EAAT1). By contrast, EAATs that have high chloride conductances, remove glutamate less effectively (e.g., EAAT5). We have studied EAAT5 in the retina. In the retina, light activates a chloride current, mediated by the glutamate activation of EAAT5. EAAT5 is …

Clinical And Immunological Factors That Distinguish Covid-19 From Pandemic Influenza A(H1n1), José Alberto Choreño-Parra, Shabaana A Khader, Et Al

Open Access Publications

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a global health threat with the potential to cause severe disease manifestations in the lungs. Although COVID-19 has been extensively characterized clinically, the factors distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 from other respiratory viruses are unknown. Here, we compared the clinical, histopathological, and immunological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and pandemic influenza A(H1N1). We observed a higher frequency of respiratory symptoms, increased tissue injury markers, and a histological pattern of alveolar pneumonia in pandemic influenza A(H1N1) patients. Conversely, dry cough, gastrointestinal symptoms and interstitial lung pathology were …

Identify. Quantify. Predict. Why Immunologists Should Widely Use Molecular Imaging For Coronavirus Disease 2019, Freimut D Juengling, Antonio Maldonado, Frank Wuest, Thomas H Schindler

Open Access Publications

Molecular imaging using PET/CT or PET/MRI has evolved from an experimental imaging modality at its inception in 1972 to an integral component of diagnostic procedures in oncology, and, to lesser extent, in cardiology and neurology, by successfully offering

Scalable Bio Marker Combinations For Early Stroke Diagnosis: A Systematic Review, Saiyet De La C Baez, Diana García Del Barco, Anette Hardy-Sosa, Gerardo Guillen Nieto, Maria Luisa Bringas-Vega, Jorge J Llibre-Guerra, Pedro Valdes-Sosa

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Fractal Motor Activity Regulation And Sex Differences In Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease Pathology, Lei Gao, Peng Li, Arlen Gaba, Erik Musiek, Yo-El S Ju, Kun Hu

Open Access Publications

Introduction: Degradation in fractal motor activity regulation (FMAR), a measure of multiscale self-similarity of motor control, occurs in aging and accelerates with clinical progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether FMAR changes occur during the pre-symptomatic phase of the disease in women and men remains unknown.

Methods: FMAR was assessed in cognitively normal participants (n = 178) who underwent 7 to 14 days of home actigraphy. Preclinical AD pathology was determined by amyloid imaging-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated-tau181 (p-tau) to amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) ratio.

Results: Degradation in daytime FMAR was overall significantly associated with preclinical amyloid …

Effect Of Change In Body Weight On Clinical Outcomes In Critically Ill Patients, Rajesh K. Mishra, Aparna Pande, Rashmi Ramachandran, Anjan Trikha, Preet M. Singh, Vimi Rewari

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Striatal Oxidative Damages And Neuroinflammation Correlate With Progression And Survival Of Lewy Body And Alzheimer Diseases, Huifangjie Li, William C. Knight, Jinbin Xu

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

How Do Social Needs Cluster Among Low-Income Individuals?, Matthew W. Kreuter, Rachel Garg, Linda Li, Laura Mcnulty, Tess Thompson, Amy Mcqueen, Alina A. Luke

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Statistical Guidelines For Handling Missing Data In Traumatic Brain Injury Clinical Research, Jessica L. Nielson, Shelly R. Cooper, Seth A. Seabury, Davide Luciani, Anthony Fabio, Nancy R. Temkin, Adam R. Ferguson, Track-Tbi Investigators

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Treated By Posterior Spinal Segmental Instrumented Fusion : When Is Fusion To L3 Stable?, Seung-Jae Hyun, Lawrence G. Lenke, Yongjung Kim, Keith H. Bridwell, Meghan Cerpa, Kathy M. Blanke

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.