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Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein And Cerebral Expression Of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 5 In Men With Fragile X Syndrome: A Pilot Study, James Robert Brašić, Jack Alexander Goodman, Ayon Nandi, David S Russell, Danna Jennings, Olivier Barret, Samuel D Martin, Keith Slifer, Thomas Sedlak, Anil Kumar Mathur, John P Seibyl, Elizabeth M Berry-Kravis, Dean F Wong, Dejan B Budimirovic Feb 2022

Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein And Cerebral Expression Of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 5 In Men With Fragile X Syndrome: A Pilot Study, James Robert Brašić, Jack Alexander Goodman, Ayon Nandi, David S Russell, Danna Jennings, Olivier Barret, Samuel D Martin, Keith Slifer, Thomas Sedlak, Anil Kumar Mathur, John P Seibyl, Elizabeth M Berry-Kravis, Dean F Wong, Dejan B Budimirovic

Open Access Publications

Multiple lines of evidence suggest that a deficiency of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) mediates dysfunction of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR


Identification Of Kidney Injury Released Circulating Osteopontin As Causal Agent Of Respiratory Failure, Fatima Zohra Khamissi, Liang Ning, Eirini Kefaloyianni, Hao Dun, Akshayakeerthi Arthanarisami, Amy Keller, Jeffrey J Atkinson, Wenjun Li, Brian Wong, Sabine Dietmann, Kory Lavine, Daniel Kreisel, Andreas Herrlich Feb 2022

Identification Of Kidney Injury Released Circulating Osteopontin As Causal Agent Of Respiratory Failure, Fatima Zohra Khamissi, Liang Ning, Eirini Kefaloyianni, Hao Dun, Akshayakeerthi Arthanarisami, Amy Keller, Jeffrey J Atkinson, Wenjun Li, Brian Wong, Sabine Dietmann, Kory Lavine, Daniel Kreisel, Andreas Herrlich

Open Access Publications

Tissue injury can drive secondary organ injury; however, mechanisms and mediators are not well understood. To identify interorgan cross-talk mediators, we used acute kidney injury (AKI)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) as a clinically important example. Using kidney and lung single-cell RNA sequencing after AKI in mice followed by ligand-receptor pairing analysis across organs, kidney ligands to lung receptors, we identify kidney-released circulating osteopontin (OPN) as a novel AKI-ALI mediator. OPN release from kidney tubule cells triggered lung endothelial leakage, inflammation, and respiratory failure. Pharmacological or genetic OPN inhibition prevented AKI-ALI. Transplantation of ischemic


Synthesis And Structure-Activity Relationship Of Thioacetamide-Triazoles Against Escherichia Coli, Suresh Dharuman, Miranda J Wallace, Stephanie M Reeve, Jürgen B Bulitta, Richard E Lee Feb 2022

Synthesis And Structure-Activity Relationship Of Thioacetamide-Triazoles Against Escherichia Coli, Suresh Dharuman, Miranda J Wallace, Stephanie M Reeve, Jürgen B Bulitta, Richard E Lee

Open Access Publications

Infections due to Gram-negative bacteria are increasingly dangerous due to the spread of multi-drug resistant strains, emphasizing the urgent need for new antibiotics with alternative modes of action. We have previously identified a novel class of antibacterial agents, thioacetamide-triazoles, using an antifolate targeted screen and determined their mode of action which is dependent on activation by cysteine synthase A. Herein, we report a detailed examination of the anti-


Labor Induction With Oxytocin In Pregnant Rats Is Not Associated With Oxidative Stress In The Fetal Brain, Tusar Giri, Jia Jiang, Zhiqiang Xu, Ronald Mccarthy, Carmen M Halabi, Eric Tycksen, Alison G Cahill, Sarah K England, Arvind Palanisamy Feb 2022

Labor Induction With Oxytocin In Pregnant Rats Is Not Associated With Oxidative Stress In The Fetal Brain, Tusar Giri, Jia Jiang, Zhiqiang Xu, Ronald Mccarthy, Carmen M Halabi, Eric Tycksen, Alison G Cahill, Sarah K England, Arvind Palanisamy

Open Access Publications

Despite the widespread use of oxytocin for induction of labor, mechanistic insights into fetal/neonatal wellbeing are lacking because of the absence of an animal model that recapitulates modern obstetric practice. Here, we create and validate a hi-fidelity pregnant rat model that mirrors labor induction with oxytocin in laboring women. The model consists of an implantable preprogrammed microprocessor-controlled infusion pump that delivers a gradually escalating dose of intravenous oxytocin to induce birth at term gestation. We validated the model with molecular biological experiments on the uterine myometrium and telemetry-supported assessment of changes in intrauterine pressure. Finally, we applied this model to …


Lipidomics Analysis Of Outer Membrane Vesicles And Elucidation Of The Inositol Phosphoceramide Biosynthetic Pathway In Bacteroides Thetaiotaomicron, Mariana G Sartorio, Ezequiel Valguarnera, Fong-Fu Hsu, Mario F Feldman Feb 2022

Lipidomics Analysis Of Outer Membrane Vesicles And Elucidation Of The Inositol Phosphoceramide Biosynthetic Pathway In Bacteroides Thetaiotaomicron, Mariana G Sartorio, Ezequiel Valguarnera, Fong-Fu Hsu, Mario F Feldman

Open Access Publications

Approximately one-third of the human colonic microbiome is formed by bacteria from the genus


The Flir Gene Contributes To The Virulence Of S. Marcescens In A Drosophila Intestinal Infection Model, Bechara Sina Rahme, Matthieu Lestradet, Gisela Di Venanzio, Arshad Ayyaz, Miriam Wennida Yamba, Martina Lazzaro, Samuel Liégeois, Eleonora Garcia Véscovi, Dominique Ferrandon Feb 2022

The Flir Gene Contributes To The Virulence Of S. Marcescens In A Drosophila Intestinal Infection Model, Bechara Sina Rahme, Matthieu Lestradet, Gisela Di Venanzio, Arshad Ayyaz, Miriam Wennida Yamba, Martina Lazzaro, Samuel Liégeois, Eleonora Garcia Véscovi, Dominique Ferrandon

Open Access Publications

Serratia marcescens is an opportunistic bacterium that infects a wide range of hosts including humans. It is a potent pathogen in a septic injury model of Drosophila melanogaster since a few bacteria directly injected in the body cavity kill the insect within a day. In contrast, flies do not succumb to ingested bacteria for days even though some bacteria cross the intestinal barrier into the hemolymph within hours. The mechanisms by which S. marcescens attacks enterocytes and damages the intestinal epithelium remain uncharacterized. To better understand intestinal infections, we performed a genetic screen for loss of virulence of ingested S. …


Electrocochleography And Cognition Are Important Predictors Of Speech Perception Outcomes In Noise For Cochlear Implant Recipients, Amit Walia, Matthew A Shew, Dorina Kallogjeri, Cameron C Wick, Nedim Durakovic, Shannon M Lefler, Amanda J Ortmann, Jacques A Herzog, Craig A Buchman Feb 2022

Electrocochleography And Cognition Are Important Predictors Of Speech Perception Outcomes In Noise For Cochlear Implant Recipients, Amit Walia, Matthew A Shew, Dorina Kallogjeri, Cameron C Wick, Nedim Durakovic, Shannon M Lefler, Amanda J Ortmann, Jacques A Herzog, Craig A Buchman

Open Access Publications

Although significant progress has been made in understanding outcomes following cochlear implantation, predicting performance remains a challenge. Duration of hearing loss, age at implantation, and electrode positioning within the cochlea together explain ~ 25% of the variability in speech-perception scores in quiet using the cochlear implant (CI). Electrocochleography (ECochG) responses, prior to implantation, account for 47% of the variance in the same speech-perception measures. No study to date has explored CI performance in noise, a more realistic measure of natural listening. This study aimed to (1) validate ECochG total response (ECochG-TR) as a predictor of performance in quiet and (2) …


Understanding Information Needs And Barriers To Accessing Health Information Across All Stages Of Pregnancy: Systematic Review, Yu Lu, Laura A Barrett, Rebecca Z Lin, Muhammad Amith, Cui Tao, Zhe He Feb 2022

Understanding Information Needs And Barriers To Accessing Health Information Across All Stages Of Pregnancy: Systematic Review, Yu Lu, Laura A Barrett, Rebecca Z Lin, Muhammad Amith, Cui Tao, Zhe He

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Understanding consumers' health information needs across all stages of the pregnancy trajectory is crucial to the development of mechanisms that allow them to retrieve high-quality, customized, and layperson-friendly health information.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify research gaps in pregnancy-related consumer information needs and available information from different sources.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed, and Web of Science for relevant articles that were published from 2009 to 2019. The quality of the included articles was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program. A descriptive data analysis was performed on these articles. …


Eml1 Is Essential For Retinal Photoreceptor Migration And Survival, Deepak Poria, Chi Sun, Andrea Santeford, Michel Kielar, Rajendra S Apte, Oleg G Kisselev, Shimming Chen, Vladimir J Kefalov Feb 2022

Eml1 Is Essential For Retinal Photoreceptor Migration And Survival, Deepak Poria, Chi Sun, Andrea Santeford, Michel Kielar, Rajendra S Apte, Oleg G Kisselev, Shimming Chen, Vladimir J Kefalov

Open Access Publications

Calcium regulates the response sensitivity, kinetics and adaptation in photoreceptors. In striped bass cones, this calcium feedback includes direct modulation of the transduction cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels by the calcium-binding protein CNG-modulin. However, the possible role of EML1, the mammalian homolog of CNG-modulin, in modulating phototransduction in mammalian photoreceptors has not been examined. Here, we used mice expressing mutant Eml1 to investigate its role in the development and function of mouse photoreceptors using immunostaining, in-vivo and ex-vivo retinal recordings, and single-cell suction recordings. We found that the mutation of Eml1 causes significant changes in the mouse retinal structure characterized by …


Current And Future Approaches To Classify Vuss In Lgmd-Related Genes, Chengcheng Li, Gabe Haller, Conrad C Weihl Feb 2022

Current And Future Approaches To Classify Vuss In Lgmd-Related Genes, Chengcheng Li, Gabe Haller, Conrad C Weihl

Open Access Publications

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revealed large numbers of genetic variants in LGMD-related genes, with most of them classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUSs). VUSs are genetic changes with unknown pathological impact and present a major challenge in genetic test interpretation and disease diagnosis. Understanding the phenotypic consequences of VUSs can provide clinical guidance regarding LGMD risk and therapy. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the subtypes of LGMD, disease diagnosis, current classification systems for investigating VUSs, and a potential deep mutational scanning approach to classify VUSs in LGMD-related genes.


Release Of Chk-2 From Ppm-1.D Anchorage Schedules Meiotic Entry, Antoine Baudrimont, Dimitra Paouneskou, Ariz Mohammad, Raffael Lichtenberger, Joshua Blundon, Yumi Kim, Markus Hartl, Sebastian Falk, Tim Schedl, Verena Jantsch Feb 2022

Release Of Chk-2 From Ppm-1.D Anchorage Schedules Meiotic Entry, Antoine Baudrimont, Dimitra Paouneskou, Ariz Mohammad, Raffael Lichtenberger, Joshua Blundon, Yumi Kim, Markus Hartl, Sebastian Falk, Tim Schedl, Verena Jantsch

Open Access Publications

Transition from the stem/progenitor cell fate to meiosis is mediated by several redundant posttranscriptional regulatory pathways in


Assessing Infant Cognition In Field Settings Using Eye-Tracking: A Pilot Cohort Trial In Sierra Leone, Jukka Leppänen, Julius Butcher, Claire Godbout, Kevin Stephenson, D. Taylor Hendrixson, Stacy Griswold, Beatrice Rogers, Patrick Webb, Aminata Koroma, Mark Manary Feb 2022

Assessing Infant Cognition In Field Settings Using Eye-Tracking: A Pilot Cohort Trial In Sierra Leone, Jukka Leppänen, Julius Butcher, Claire Godbout, Kevin Stephenson, D. Taylor Hendrixson, Stacy Griswold, Beatrice Rogers, Patrick Webb, Aminata Koroma, Mark Manary

Open Access Publications

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the feasibility of eye-tracking-based testing of the speed of visual orienting in malnourished young children at rural clinics in Sierra Leone.

DESIGN: Prospective dual cohort study nested in a cluster-randomised trial.

SETTING: 8 sites participating in a cluster-randomised trial of supplementary feeding for moderate acute malnutrition (MAM).

PARTICIPANTS: For the MAM cohort, all infants aged 7-11 months at the eight sites were enrolled, 138 altogether. For controls, a convenience sample of all non-malnourished infants aged 7-11 months at the same sites were eligible, 60 altogether. A sample of 30 adults at the sites also underwent eye-tracking tests …


Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Degrades The Host Muc2 Mucin Barrier To Facilitate Critical Pathogen-Enterocyte Interactions In Human Small Intestine, Alaullah Sheikh, Tamding Wangdi, Tim J Vickers, Bailey Aaron, Margot Palmer, Mark J Miller, Seonyoung Kim, Cassandra Herring, Rita Simoes, Jennifer A Crainic, Jeffrey C Gildersleeve, Sjoerd Van Der Post, Gunnar C Hansson, James M Fleckenstein Feb 2022

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Degrades The Host Muc2 Mucin Barrier To Facilitate Critical Pathogen-Enterocyte Interactions In Human Small Intestine, Alaullah Sheikh, Tamding Wangdi, Tim J Vickers, Bailey Aaron, Margot Palmer, Mark J Miller, Seonyoung Kim, Cassandra Herring, Rita Simoes, Jennifer A Crainic, Jeffrey C Gildersleeve, Sjoerd Van Der Post, Gunnar C Hansson, James M Fleckenstein

Open Access Publications

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolates are genetically diverse pathological variants of E. coli defined by the production of heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) toxins. ETEC strains are estimated to cause hundreds of millions of cases of diarrheal illness annually. However, it is not clear that all strains are equally equipped to cause disease, and asymptomatic colonization with ETEC is common in low- to middle-income regions lacking basic sanitation and clean water where ETEC are ubiquitous. Recent molecular epidemiology studies have revealed a significant association between strains that produce EatA, a secreted autotransporter protein, and the development of symptomatic infection. Here, …


Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair: Technical Maneuvers To Achieve Vermilion And Mucosal Height, Sarah N Chiang, Ema Zubovic, Gary B Skolnick, Kamlesh B Patel Feb 2022

Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair: Technical Maneuvers To Achieve Vermilion And Mucosal Height, Sarah N Chiang, Ema Zubovic, Gary B Skolnick, Kamlesh B Patel

Open Access Publications

Patients with unilateral cleft lip often require secondary procedures due to asymmetric fullness or deficiencies along the mucosal free margin of the upper lip. Here, we describe our technique for mucosal advancement and repair to attain symmetry.

Methods: Maneuvers to obtain vermilion and mucosal height include (1) use of a tailored vermilion flap; (2) supraperiosteal release of the lesser segment; (3) backcut "poker incision" to mobilize the mucosal flap on the lesser segment; (4) transverse release of mucosa across the greater segment; (5) accurate reduction along vermilion-mucosal junction; and (6) bilateral medial mucosal advancement. To examine postoperative outcomes, photographic data …


Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Degrades The Host Muc2 Mucin Barrier To Facilitate Critical Pathogen-Enterocyte Interactions In Human Small Intestine, Alaullah Sheikh, Tamding Wangdi, Tim J Vickers, Bailey Aaron, Margot Palmer, Mark J Miller, Seonyoung Kim, Cassandra Herring, Rita Simoes, Jennifer A Crainic, Jeffrey C Gildersleeve, Sjoerd Van Der Post, Gunnar C Hansson, James M Fleckenstein Feb 2022

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Degrades The Host Muc2 Mucin Barrier To Facilitate Critical Pathogen-Enterocyte Interactions In Human Small Intestine, Alaullah Sheikh, Tamding Wangdi, Tim J Vickers, Bailey Aaron, Margot Palmer, Mark J Miller, Seonyoung Kim, Cassandra Herring, Rita Simoes, Jennifer A Crainic, Jeffrey C Gildersleeve, Sjoerd Van Der Post, Gunnar C Hansson, James M Fleckenstein

Open Access Publications

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolates are genetically diverse pathological variants of E. coli defined by the production of heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) toxins. ETEC strains are estimated to cause hundreds of millions of cases of diarrheal illness annually. However, it is not clear that all strains are equally equipped to cause disease, and asymptomatic colonization with ETEC is common in low- to middle-income regions lacking basic sanitation and clean water where ETEC are ubiquitous. Recent molecular epidemiology studies have revealed a significant association between strains that produce EatA, a secreted autotransporter protein, and the development of symptomatic infection. Here, …


Risks Of Mental Health Outcomes In People With Covid-19: Cohort Study, Yan Xie, Evan Xu, Ziyad Al-Aly Feb 2022

Risks Of Mental Health Outcomes In People With Covid-19: Cohort Study, Yan Xie, Evan Xu, Ziyad Al-Aly

Open Access Publications

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risks of incident mental health disorders in survivors of the acute phase of covid-19.

DESIGN: Cohort study.

SETTING: US Department of Veterans Affairs.

PARTICIPANTS: Cohort comprising 153 848 people who survived the first 30 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and two control groups: a contemporary group (n=5 637 840) with no evidence of SARS-CoV-2, and a historical control group (n=5 859 251) that predated the covid-19 pandemic.

MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Risks of prespecified incident mental health outcomes, calculated as hazard ratio and absolute risk difference per 1000 people at one year, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Predefined …


Cardiac Outcomes Of Subjects On Adjuvant Trastuzumab Emtansine Vs Paclitaxel In Combination With Trastuzumab For Stage I Her2-Positive Breast Cancer (Atempt) Study (Tbcrc033): A Randomized Controlled Trial, Romualdo Barroso-Sousa, Ron Bose, Et Al Feb 2022

Cardiac Outcomes Of Subjects On Adjuvant Trastuzumab Emtansine Vs Paclitaxel In Combination With Trastuzumab For Stage I Her2-Positive Breast Cancer (Atempt) Study (Tbcrc033): A Randomized Controlled Trial, Romualdo Barroso-Sousa, Ron Bose, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.


Two-Tier Care Pathways For Liver Fibrosis Associated To Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease In Hiv Mono-Infected Patients, Giada Sebastiani, Jovana Milic, Adriana Cervo, Sahar Saeed, Thomas Krahn, Dana Kablawi, Al Shaima Al Hinai, Bertrand Lebouché, Philip Wong, Marc Deschenes, Claudia Gioè, Antonio Cascio, Giovanni Mazzola, Giovanni Guaraldi Feb 2022

Two-Tier Care Pathways For Liver Fibrosis Associated To Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease In Hiv Mono-Infected Patients, Giada Sebastiani, Jovana Milic, Adriana Cervo, Sahar Saeed, Thomas Krahn, Dana Kablawi, Al Shaima Al Hinai, Bertrand Lebouché, Philip Wong, Marc Deschenes, Claudia Gioè, Antonio Cascio, Giovanni Mazzola, Giovanni Guaraldi

Open Access Publications

(1) Background: Developing strategies to identify significant liver fibrosis in people with HIV (PWH) is crucial to prevent complications of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aim to investigate if five simple serum biomarkers applied to PWH can optimize a care pathway to identify significant liver fibrosis defined by transient elastography (TE). (2) Methods: A two-tier fibrosis pathway was applied to three prospective cohorts of PWH undergoing TE with CAP. NAFLD was diagnosed as a controlled attenuation parameter ≥ 248 dB/m. Five simple fibrosis biomarkers (FIB-4 < 1.3, BARD score 0-1, NAFLD fibrosis score < -1.455, AST:ALT ratio < 0.8 and APRI < 0.5) were applied as first-tiers to exclude significant liver fibrosis. We determined the decrease in referral for TE that would have occurred based on biomarker assessment and the discordance between low simple fibrosis biomarkers and high TE (≥7.1 kPa), indicating significant liver fibrosis. (3) Results: Of the 1749 consecutive PWH, 15.1% had significant liver fibrosis by TE and 39.1% had NAFLD. The application of the fibrosis biomarkers as first tiers would have resulted in a decrease in TE referrals between 24.9% (BARD score) and 86.3% (APRI). The lowest discordance rate was with NAFLD fibrosis score (8.5%). After adjustments, BMI (odds ratio (OR) 1.12, 95% CI: 1.08-1.17) and triglycerides (OR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.11-1.44) were independent predictors of discordance for APRI < 0.5 and TE ≥ 7.1. The performance of the two-tier pathways was similar in PWH with and without NAFLD. (4) Conclusions: Implementing a two-tier pathway could save a substantial proportion up of TE examinations, reducing costs and helping resource optimization in HIV care. Patients with metabolic risk factors for NAFLD and low fibrosis biomarker may still be considered for TE referral.


Cell Specific Peripheral Immune Responses Predict Survival In Critical Covid-19 Patients, Junedh M Amrute, Alexandra M Perry, Gautam Anand, Carlos Cruchaga, Karl G Hock, Christopher W Farnsworth, Gwendalyn J Randolph, Kory J Lavine, Ashley L Steed Feb 2022

Cell Specific Peripheral Immune Responses Predict Survival In Critical Covid-19 Patients, Junedh M Amrute, Alexandra M Perry, Gautam Anand, Carlos Cruchaga, Karl G Hock, Christopher W Farnsworth, Gwendalyn J Randolph, Kory J Lavine, Ashley L Steed

Open Access Publications

SARS-CoV-2 triggers a complex systemic immune response in circulating blood mononuclear cells. The relationship between immune cell activation of the peripheral compartment and survival in critical COVID-19 remains to be established. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing and Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitomes by sequence mapping to elucidate cell type specific transcriptional signatures that associate with and predict survival in critical COVID-19. Patients who survive infection display activation of antibody processing, early activation response, and cell cycle regulation pathways most prominent within B-, T-, and NK-cell subsets. We further leverage cell specific differential gene expression and machine learning to …


A Diffusion Mri-Based Spatiotemporal Continuum Of The Embryonic Mouse Brain For Probing Gene-Neuroanatomy Connections, Dan Wu, Linda J Richards, Zhiyong Zhao, Zuozhen Cao, Wanrong Luo, Wei Shao, Song-Hai Shi, Michael I Miller, Susumu Mori, Seth Blackshaw, Jiangyang Zhang Feb 2022

A Diffusion Mri-Based Spatiotemporal Continuum Of The Embryonic Mouse Brain For Probing Gene-Neuroanatomy Connections, Dan Wu, Linda J Richards, Zhiyong Zhao, Zuozhen Cao, Wanrong Luo, Wei Shao, Song-Hai Shi, Michael I Miller, Susumu Mori, Seth Blackshaw, Jiangyang Zhang

Open Access Publications

The embryonic mouse brain undergoes drastic changes in establishing basic anatomical compartments and laying out major axonal connections of the developing brain. Correlating anatomical changes with gene-expression patterns is an essential step toward understanding the mechanisms regulating brain development. Traditionally, this is done in a cross-sectional manner, but the dynamic nature of development calls for probing gene-neuroanatomy interactions in a combined spatiotemporal domain. Here, we present a four-dimensional (4D) spatiotemporal continuum of the embryonic mouse brain from E10.5 to E15.5 reconstructed from diffusion magnetic resonance microscopy (dMRM) data. This study achieved unprecedented high-definition dMRM at 30- to 35-µm isotropic resolution, …


The History And Innovations Of Blood Vessel Anastomosis, William R Moritz, Shreya Raman, Sydney Pessin, Cameron Martin, Xiaowei Li, Amanda Westman, Justin M Sacks Feb 2022

The History And Innovations Of Blood Vessel Anastomosis, William R Moritz, Shreya Raman, Sydney Pessin, Cameron Martin, Xiaowei Li, Amanda Westman, Justin M Sacks

Open Access Publications

Surgical technique and technology frequently coevolve. The brief history of blood vessel anastomosis is full of famous names. While the techniques pioneered by these surgeons have been well described, the technology that facilitated their advancements and their inventors deserve recognition. The mass production of laboratory microscopes in the mid-1800s allowed for an explosion of interest in tissue histology. This improved understanding of vascular physiology and thrombosis laid the groundwork for Carrel and Guthrie to report some of the first successful vascular anastomoses. In 1916, McLean discovered heparin. Twenty-four years later, Gordon Murray found that it could prevent thrombosis when performing …


Health-Related Quality Of Life In Older Patients With Advanced Heart Failure: Findings From The Sustain-It Study, Kathleen L Grady, Justin Hartupee, Et Al Feb 2022

Health-Related Quality Of Life In Older Patients With Advanced Heart Failure: Findings From The Sustain-It Study, Kathleen L Grady, Justin Hartupee, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Background There is a paucity of research describing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older adults considered for advanced heart failure surgical therapies. Using data from our SUSTAIN-IT (Sustaining Quality of Life of the Aged: Heart Transplant or Mechanical Support) study, we aimed to compare HRQOL among 3 groups of older (60-80 years) patients with heart failure before heart transplantation (HT) or long-term mechanical circulatory support (MCS) and identify factors associated with HRQOL: (1) HT candidates with MCS, (2) HT candidates without MCS, or (3) candidates ineligible for HT and scheduled for long-term MCS. Methods and Results Patients from 13 …


Stain-Free Detection Of Embryo Polarization Using Deep Learning, Cheng Shen, Adiyant Lamba, Meng Zhu, Ray Zhang, Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz, Changhuei Yang Feb 2022

Stain-Free Detection Of Embryo Polarization Using Deep Learning, Cheng Shen, Adiyant Lamba, Meng Zhu, Ray Zhang, Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz, Changhuei Yang

Open Access Publications

Polarization of the mammalian embryo at the right developmental time is critical for its development to term and would be valuable in assessing the potential of human embryos. However, tracking polarization requires invasive fluorescence staining, impermissible in the in vitro fertilization clinic. Here, we report the use of artificial intelligence to detect polarization from unstained time-lapse movies of mouse embryos. We assembled a dataset of bright-field movie frames from 8-cell-stage embryos, side-by-side with corresponding images of fluorescent markers of cell polarization. We then used an ensemble learning model to detect whether any bright-field frame showed an embryo before or after …


Iκb-Ζ Signaling Promotes Chondrocyte Inflammatory Phenotype, Senescence, And Erosive Joint Pathology, Manoj Arra, Gaurav Swarnkar, Yael Alippe, Gabriel Mbalaviele, Yousef Abu-Amer Feb 2022

Iκb-Ζ Signaling Promotes Chondrocyte Inflammatory Phenotype, Senescence, And Erosive Joint Pathology, Manoj Arra, Gaurav Swarnkar, Yael Alippe, Gabriel Mbalaviele, Yousef Abu-Amer

Open Access Publications

Osteoarthritis is a joint disease characterized by a poorly-defined inflammatory response that does not encompass a massive immune cell infiltration yet contributes to cartilage degradation and loss of joint mobility, suggesting a chondrocyte intrinsic inflammatory response. Using primary chondrocytes from joints of osteoarthritic mice and patients, we first show that these cells express ample pro-inflammatory markers and RANKL in an NF-κB dependent manner. The inflammatory phenotype of chondrocytes was recapitulated by exposure of chondrocytes to IL-1β and bone particles, which were used to model bone matrix breakdown products revealed to be present in synovial fluid of OA patients, albeit their …


Apparent Sunk Cost Effect In Rational Agents, Torben Ott, Paul Masset, Thiago S Gouvêa, Adam Kepecs Feb 2022

Apparent Sunk Cost Effect In Rational Agents, Torben Ott, Paul Masset, Thiago S Gouvêa, Adam Kepecs

Open Access Publications

Rational decision makers aim to maximize their gains, but humans and other animals often fail to do so, exhibiting biases and distortions in their choice behavior. In a recent study of economic decisions, humans, mice, and rats were reported to succumb to the sunk cost fallacy, making decisions based on irrecoverable past investments to the detriment of expected future returns. We challenge this interpretation because it is subject to a statistical fallacy, a form of attrition bias, and the observed behavior can be explained without invoking a sunk cost-dependent mechanism. Using a computational model, we illustrate how a rational decision …


Small Molecule Swell1 Complex Induction Improves Glycemic Control And Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease In Murine Type 2 Diabetes, Susheel K Gunasekar, Litao Xie, Ashutosh Kumar, Juan Hong, Chen Kang, Joshua Maurer, John Heebink, Phillip Key, Joseph W Beals, Gordon I Smith, Samuel Klein, Rajan Sah, Et Al Feb 2022

Small Molecule Swell1 Complex Induction Improves Glycemic Control And Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease In Murine Type 2 Diabetes, Susheel K Gunasekar, Litao Xie, Ashutosh Kumar, Juan Hong, Chen Kang, Joshua Maurer, John Heebink, Phillip Key, Joseph W Beals, Gordon I Smith, Samuel Klein, Rajan Sah, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Type 2 diabetes is associated with insulin resistance, impaired pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Tissue-specific SWELL1 ablation impairs insulin signaling in adipose, skeletal muscle, and endothelium, and impairs β-cell insulin secretion and glycemic control. Here, we show that I


The Association Between Hiv Status, Estradiol, And Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Among Premenopausal Women In The Women's Interagency Hiv Study, Sally B Coburn, Jodie Dionne-Odom, Maria L Alcaide, Caitlin A Moran, Lisa Rahangdale, Elizabeth T Golub, Leslie Stewart Massad, Dominika Seidman, Katherine G Michel, Howard Minkoff, Kerry Murphy, Todd T Brown, Kala Visvanathan, Bryan Lau, Keri N Althoff Feb 2022

The Association Between Hiv Status, Estradiol, And Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Among Premenopausal Women In The Women's Interagency Hiv Study, Sally B Coburn, Jodie Dionne-Odom, Maria L Alcaide, Caitlin A Moran, Lisa Rahangdale, Elizabeth T Golub, Leslie Stewart Massad, Dominika Seidman, Katherine G Michel, Howard Minkoff, Kerry Murphy, Todd T Brown, Kala Visvanathan, Bryan Lau, Keri N Althoff

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.


Spatiotemporal Expression Of Regulatory Kinases Directs The Transition From Mitosis To Cellular Morphogenesis In Drosophila, Shuo Yang, Jennifer Mcadow, Yingqiu Du, Jennifer Trigg, Paul H Taghert, Aaron N Johnson Feb 2022

Spatiotemporal Expression Of Regulatory Kinases Directs The Transition From Mitosis To Cellular Morphogenesis In Drosophila, Shuo Yang, Jennifer Mcadow, Yingqiu Du, Jennifer Trigg, Paul H Taghert, Aaron N Johnson

Open Access Publications

Embryogenesis depends on a tightly regulated balance between mitosis, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Understanding how the embryo uses a relatively small number of proteins to transition between growth and morphogenesis is a central question of developmental biology, but the mechanisms controlling mitosis and differentiation are considered to be fundamentally distinct. Here we show the mitotic kinase Polo, which regulates all steps of mitosis in Drosophila, also directs cellular morphogenesis after cell cycle exit. In mitotic cells, the Aurora kinases activate Polo to control a cytoskeletal regulatory module that directs cytokinesis. We show that in the post-mitotic mesoderm, the control of Polo …


A Dominant Negative Variant Of Rab5b Disrupts Maturation Of Surfactant Protein B And Surfactant Protein C, Huiyan Huang, Jiehong Pan, Ariz Mohammad, Tao Huang, Anika G Lindsey, Hyori Kim, Jian Chen, Avinash Ramu, Stephanie A Morrison, Zachary D Dawson, Alex Z Hu, Eric Tycksen, Gary A Silverman, Dustin Baldridge, Jennifer A Wambach, Stephen C. Pak, Steven L Brody, Tim Schedl, Et Al Feb 2022

A Dominant Negative Variant Of Rab5b Disrupts Maturation Of Surfactant Protein B And Surfactant Protein C, Huiyan Huang, Jiehong Pan, Ariz Mohammad, Tao Huang, Anika G Lindsey, Hyori Kim, Jian Chen, Avinash Ramu, Stephanie A Morrison, Zachary D Dawson, Alex Z Hu, Eric Tycksen, Gary A Silverman, Dustin Baldridge, Jennifer A Wambach, Stephen C. Pak, Steven L Brody, Tim Schedl, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Pathogenic variants in surfactant proteins SP-B and SP-C cause surfactant deficiency and interstitial lung disease. Surfactant proteins are synthesized as precursors (proSP-B, proSP-C), trafficked, and processed via a vesicular-regulated secretion pathway; however, control of vesicular trafficking events is not fully understood. Through the Undiagnosed Diseases Network, we evaluated a child with interstitial lung disease suggestive of surfactant deficiency. Variants in known surfactant dysfunction disorder genes were not found in trio exome sequencing. Instead, a de novo heterozygous variant in


Outcome Of Allogeneic Transplantation For Mature T-Cell Lymphomas: Impact Of Donor Source And Disease Characteristics, Mehdi Hamadani, Amanda F Cashen, Et Al Feb 2022

Outcome Of Allogeneic Transplantation For Mature T-Cell Lymphomas: Impact Of Donor Source And Disease Characteristics, Mehdi Hamadani, Amanda F Cashen, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Mature T-cell lymphomas constitute the most common indication for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) of all lymphomas. Large studies evaluating contemporary outcomes of allo-HCT in mature T-cell lymphomas relative to commonly used donor sources are not available. Included in this registry study were adult patients who had undergone allo-HCT for anaplastic large cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), or peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) between 2008 and 2018. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) platforms compared were posttransplant cyclophosphamide-based haploidentical (haplo-)HCT, matched sibling donor (MSD) HCT, matched unrelated donor HCT with in vivo T-cell depletion (MUD TCD+), and matched unrelated …